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This research aims to analyze the optimization of legal protection and risk mitigation for PT ASDP Indonesia Ferry (Persero) as the lender in a Shareholder Loan (SHL) Agreement with PT Indonesia Ferry Properti, and to examine the legal implications of the PT ASDP directors' liability in the SHL decision-making process. The research method employed is normative juridical with a literature study approach. The findings indicate that although the SHL execution has procedurally met legal principles and Good Corporate Governance (GCG), the optimization of legal protection for PT ASDP requires the enhancement of more proactive post-disbursement fund supervision clauses and, crucially, the implementation of specific collateral to mitigate credit risk, considering the current agreement is still reactive and lacks specific collateral. Furthermore, the directors of PT ASDP bear responsibilities under Article 97 of the Company Law and the principle of fiduciary duty. The Business Judgment Rule (BJR) doctrine can shield directors from personal liability if decisions are made in good faith, with due care, without conflicts of interest, and accompanied by risk mitigation efforts, wherein the implementation of GCG principles is fundamental. Violations may lead to civil, criminal, or administrative liability. This research concludes the importance of contractual strengthening of the SHL and strict adherence to GCG to protect company assets and directors.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of gender diversity, stock bonus compensation, and financial expertise of independent commissioners on earnings management in manufacturing companies in Indonesia for the period 2018-2022. This study uses secondary data obtained through the annual financial reports of manufacturing companies listed on the IDX for the period 2018-2022. This study is a quantitative study with sampling using the purposive sampling method and obtaining 135 research sample data. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS software version 27. The results of this study indicate that the Board of Directors Gender Diversity variable has a significant positive effect on earnings management. The Stock Bonus Compensation variable has a significant negative effect on earnings management. Meanwhile, the Independent Commissioner Financial Expertise variable has a positive but insignificant effect on earnings management.

This research aims to test and analyze the influence of good corporate governance on company financial performance. Good corporate governance in this research is proxied by the percentage of institutional ownership, composition of the board of directors and composition of independent commissioners. The financial performance of banking companies is measured by Return on Equity (ROE). The population used in this research was the Influence of the Implementation of Good Corporate Governance on Financial Performance (Studies Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange 2017-2020) totaling 626. The sample selection technique used purposive sampling so that 52 companies were obtained. The type of data used is secondary data. The data analysis technique in this research uses multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this research partially show that the percentage of institutional ownership, composition of the board of directors, and composition of independent commissioners do not have a significant effect with a negative coefficient on ROE. Meanwhile, simultaneously the percentage of institutional ownership, composition of the board of directors and composition of independent commissioners have a significant effect on ROE with a positive coefficient.

This research aims to determine the direction of limited liability companies in related regulations and laws. This research is a normative juridical research which is a research that examines all regulations and laws relating to the problem. The data used is secondary data which is divided into primary and secondary legal materials. The problems of this research are two problems, namely what is the legal position in fulfilling compensation incurred by directors of individual companies and what is the responsibility of directors of individual companies in the case of individual companies that have experienced losses. The results of this research are directions for individual corporations to be required to compensate for losses caused by actions or carelessness that violate the law or obligations and the Board of Directors offers supervision relating to company management policies and the company's business activities.