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The conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural land continues to increase along with the pressures of urbanization, industrialization, and settlement expansion. This condition poses risks to food security, environmental sustainability, and farmer welfare. This article reviews literature based on 25 abstracts/research results on LP2B in Indonesia to map policy implementation patterns, the relationship between LP2B and regional spatial planning, inhibiting factors, and the direction of policy strengthening. The method used is a narrative review with thematic synthesis of normative legal studies, juridical-empirical, qualitative, mixed methods, and spatial-quantitative approaches. The results of the review indicate: (1) LP2B is highly dependent on the harmonization of spatial planning policies, especially RTRW/RDTR and licensing mechanisms based on KKPR-OSS; (2) many regions are still stuck at the land inventory-identification stage, not yet reaching the determination and operational protection through LP2B Regional Regulations; (3) dominant obstacles include regulatory asynchronous, weak law enforcement, minimal cross-agency coordination, limited data by name by address, suboptimal socialization, and conflicts of interest in non-agricultural development; (4) incentive-disincentive instruments have not been implemented consistently, although socially farmers tend to accept LP2B protection; and (5) quantitative evidence at the national level shows that LP2B policies have a positive effect on the percentage of rice fields, despite being suppressed by population density and real estate sector growth. This article emphasizes the need for an integrated spatial governance approach, strengthening regional institutions, and designing policies that are socially and environmentally just to ensure that LP2B is effective in maintaining regional food security.

Changes in building functions in urban areas have become an inevitable phenomenon, especially in developing cities such as Binjai City. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing building function changes in the area, using a Mixed Methods approach that combines quantitative analysis through multiple linear regression and qualitative documentation based on field observations. Four independent variables were examined: inconsistency with the Spatial Plan (RTRW), accessibility, economic motivation, and law enforcement.The results show that economic motivation and accessibility have a significant influence on building function changes. Meanwhile, the variables of RTRW inconsistency and weak law enforcement did not show statistically significant effects. These findings are supported by visual field evidence indicating a massive conversion of building functions without effective spatial planning control. Photographic documentation reveals a tendency among the community to adapt building functions for economic activities in strategically accessible areas.The study concludes that building function changes in Binjai City are driven by economic needs and urban spatial dynamics that are not matched by supervision and enforcement of spatial planning regulations. Recommendations include strengthening spatial supervision, providing socio-economic-based incentives, simplifying permit processes, and implementing community-based public education. This research offers valuable contributions to adaptive urban planning while upholding the principles of spatial order and community aspirations.

Violence against children and women at home and in the workplace is a serious social problem, but there has been little response from society and law enforcement. The National Child Protection Commission (KPAI, 2018) received complaints related to cases of physical violence and victimization of children as much as 72%, followed by psychological violence at 9%, economic violence or bullying/intimidation at 4%, and sexual violence at 2%. The National Children's Commission also reported that the majority of perpetrators of violence against children were parents, 44% of whom were biological mothers, 22% mothers and stepfathers, 18% biological fathers, and 8% caregivers. The aim of this activity is to increase respondents' knowledge regarding the impact of violence on mothers and children. Socialization methods in the form of lectures and questions and answers are used in this activity. It was found that respondents were very enthusiastic about listening to the material presented by the presenters. The conclusion from this activity is that violence against mothers and children must be opposed to prevent the impact that will occur on children.

Sentani Kota Village as a strategic area experiences significant pressure due to population growth and economic activities, facing complex problems including the conversion of agricultural land and forests into residential and commercial areas, low public awareness about sustainable spatial planning, and weaknesses in law enforcement and supervision. This condition potentially threatens the environmental sustainability and ecosystem of Lake Sentani. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of spatial utilization in Sentani Kota Village, Sentani District, Jayapura Regency, focusing on two main issues: the level of conformity between existing spatial utilization and the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) guidelines, and the factors that support and hinder the effectiveness of RTRW implementation. Conducting overlay analysis of existing conditions and spatial pattern maps, complemented by field verification at 28 observation points and stakeholder interviews with the Spatial Planning Agency. The results show that 76.5% (2,759.07 hectares) of spatial utilization conforms to RTRW guidelines, while 22.9% (825.98 hectares) remains non-conforming, and 0.6% (21.66 hectares) violates regulations. Supporting factors include routine monitoring protocols, high conformity levels in designated areas, firm enforcement actions, and community leadership involvement. Conversely, hindering factors encompass low public compliance, non-conforming zones prone to violations, inconsistent enforcement responses, various types of violations, limited sanction mechanisms, and inadequate preventive measures. This study recommends targeted enforcement in critical zones, transition planning for non-conforming areas, lake buffer zone management, enhanced community participation, and systematic monitoring protocols to achieve more effective spatial utilization control.

Rock mining is a key sector contributing to economic development, including in Gorontalo Regency. However, this activity often generates negative environmental impacts such as erosion, water pollution, and ecosystem degradation. This study aims to analyze environmental management policies in rock mining activities using a literature review approach. The research was conducted by examining relevant literature published in the last five years, including national and regional regulations, as well as case study reports. The findings reveal that Indonesia has established a comprehensive regulatory framework through Law No. 32 of 2009 and Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021, which mandate Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL) as a key instrument for environmental protection. At the regional level, Gorontalo Provincial Regulation No. 2 of 2019 serves as the main guideline; however, its implementation faces challenges such as weak oversight and inadequate law enforcement. A case study in Motoduto Village shows actual environmental impacts in the form of erosion and sediment load increases in the Paguyaman River, although still within acceptable limits. Additionally, some companies operate without proper AMDAL or legal permits. Therefore, strengthening institutional capacity, digitizing permit data, and engaging communities are essential steps. Policy recommendations include consistent law enforcement, implementation of post-mining reclamation, and integration of spatial data-based policies. This study underscores the importance of a holistic approach to ensure a balance between the economic benefits of the mining sector and environmental conservation.

Flood disaster is the most frequent disaster in Indonesia. Based on BNPB records throughout 2021, flood disasters have occurred 1,279 times. Poor drainage system can be one of the factors causing flood disasters. Way Mhorock Village, Abepura District is one of the areas that has poor drainage network quality. This is because Way Mhorock Village is one of the centers of community activities, so it has the potential to cause flooding. This study examines the quality of the drainage system against disasters in Abepura District by focusing on Way Mhorock Village. The research methods used to achieve the objectives in this research are qualitative methods, spatial analysis, and analytical hierarchy process. Qualitative descriptive analysis method to assist and describe the actual drainage problems in the field in the form of pictures. Spatial analysis method using GPS by recording problematic drainage points then processed using ArcGIS software. Analytical Hierarchy Process method by capture the perspective of stakeholders from the agency to determine the assessment of the quality level of the drainage system that has the potential to cause flooding in Way Mhorock Village. The results showed that there are 4 problems that affect the quality of drainage in Way Mhorock Village, namely drainage sedimentation, land use change, drainage cross section, and the volume of waste found at 33 points in Way Mhorock Village. Based on the results of the analytical hierarchy process using an expert choice application, drainage sedimentation is the most influential criterion on improving drainage quality with alternative handling provided in the form of law enforcement policies against environmental violations by the community.