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Drug availability at community health centers is an important indicator of health service quality. Drug shortages or excesses may affect service effectiveness and budget efficiency. This study aimed to determine the level of drug availability at the South City Community Health Center and the Piloloda'a Community Health Center in 2024 based on compliance with the formulary, demand, receipt, and drug availability categories. This study used a descriptive analytical method with a cross-sectional approach. Data were obtained retrospectively from the 2024 Drug Use Report and Request Sheet (LPLPO). Data analysis was conducted by calculating the percentage of compliance with the formulary, demand, and receipt, and by determining drug availability levels using the Indonesian Ministry of Health (2010) formula and the classification of Carolien et al. (2017). The results showed that formulary compliance was 82% at the South City Community Health Center and 67% at the Piloloda'a Community Health Center, both below the 95% standard. Drug demand compliance scores were 151% and 199%, exceeding the 100–120% standard, while drug receipt compliance scores were 71% and 56%, below the 100% standard. Drug availability categories varied from adequate and insufficient to excess stock, with most drug items classified as insufficient stock. In conclusion, drug management at both community health centers has not been fully optimal. Improved coordination between community health centers and pharmaceutical facilities is needed to maintain stable drug availability and support service needs.

Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in the working area of Mulyorejo Public Health Center, where an aluminum factory is located, rank first among the ten most common diseases. This study aims to analyze the influence of sociodemographic characteristics and PM2.5 exposure on ARI complaints in the aluminum factory area of Payageli Village, Deli Serdang Regency. The cross-sectional observational study involved 160 housewives living within a radius of 10–1500 meters from the factory’s chimney. The analysis included univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods. Results showed that 58.1% of respondents experienced ARI symptoms in the past month. The average ambient (outdoor) PM2.5 concentration measured from three sampling points was 12.3 µg/m³, which did not exceed the WHO standard (<15 µg/m³). The highest concentration was recorded in the southern direction (15.5 µg/m³). Bivariate analysis indicated that education (p = 0.010), direction of house location (p = 0.001), and indoor PM2.5 concentration (p = 0.006) were significantly associated with ARI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the most dominant factor influencing ARI was indoor PM2.5 concentration (p = 0.039), followed by education (p = 0.013) and direction of house location (p = 0.001). This study provides a scientific basis for air quality control and housing environment improvement to reduce the risk of environmentally related diseases in industrial zones.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a critical global health issue, with 88.4 million infections and 42.3 million AIDS-related deaths to date. In 2024 alone, 39.9 million individuals are living with HIV, 630,000 deaths occurred, and 1.3 million new infections were recorded. Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Lamivudine/Dolutegravir (TLD) is a widely used antiretroviral therapy, but its reproductive and oxidative effects remain underexplored in female models, particularly in the South-South region of Nigeria.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive toxicity and oxidative stress effects of TLD on the ovaries and uterus of adult female Wistar rats.Methods: Ten adult female Wistar rats (156–187g) were divided into control and treatment groups (n=5). The control group received standard diet and distilled water, while the treated group received daily doses of TLD (Tenofovir 5 mg, Lamivudine 5 mg, and Dolutegravir 0.8 mg/kg body weight) for 90 days. At the end of the treatment, animals in estrus phase were sacrificed for biochemical, histological, and hormonal analysis.Results: The treated group showed a significant reduction in body weight but no significant changes in ovarian or uterine weight. Oxidative stress analysis revealed decreased MDA and increased SOD, GPx, and CAT in the uterus. Hormonal levels were not significantly different. Histologically, the treated group displayed impaired follicular development, atretic follicles, cysts, enlarged endometrial cavities, and thicker endometria.Conclusion: TLD administration induced notable reproductive alterations in female Wistar rats, highlighting potential implications for its use in women of reproductive age.

According to WHO (2019), in the Southeast Asia region the elderly population is 8% or around 142 million people. In 2050 it is estimated that the elderly population will increase 3 times from 2013. In 2000 the number of elderly is around 5,300,000 (7.4%) of the total population, while in 2010 the number of elderly is 24,000,000 (9.77%) of the total elderly reached 28,800,000 (11.34%) of the total population. Data from the Central Bureau of Statistics shows that the elderly population in Indonesia in 2007 amounted to 18.7 million people, then in 2010 it increased to 23.9 million people (9.77%). In 2020 it is predicted that the number of elderly people will reach 28.8 million (11.34%). Based on data from the Republic of Indonesia Ministry of Health (2019), Indonesia is entering a period of aging population, where there is an increase in life expectancy followed by an increase in the number of elderly people. Indonesia has experienced an increase in the number of elderly people from 18 million people (7.56%) in 2010, to 25.9 million people (9.7%) in 2019, and is expected to continue to increase in 2035 to 48.2 million people (15.77%).