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This study explores the relationship between language, culture, and society, all three of which are interdependent and inseparable. Language and culture are integral components that shape the identity of a society, and language functions as a cultural mirror and social glue. The method used is a qualitative approach based on literature which aims to examine the importance of language and culture in forming community identity. The results of the study are then narrated in descriptive form. This research aims to study and understand the concept of culture and language about how cultural changes influence the evolution of language and shape the identity of a society. Language has also experienced changes with the emergence of pop culture phenomena (popular culture). These changes reflect societal trends and changes. By analyzing the interrelationships of language, culture and society, this research provides insight into the complex dynamics of identity formation and their implications for social cohesion.

Folklore plays an important role as a medium for maintaining the cultural identity of indigenous communities. This article investigates the role of oral traditions in maintaining cultural heritage, focusing on folklore, myths and legends from indigenous communities in Asia. Through ethnographic research and narrative analysis, this study shows how folklore transmits values, beliefs and collective memory between generations, ensuring cultural sustainability amidst globalization.

The success and survival of MSMEs is highly dependent on their ability or capacity to manage finances effectively. However, many MSMEs experience obstacles as well as challenges so that they have difficulty in compiling correct and accurate financial statements due to limited access to resources and knowledge. This program aims to improve the ability of MSMEs in Kalitirto and Sukoharjo Villages to make simple financial statements. Through this program, it is hoped that MSMEs can understand the importance of financial statements and be able to calculate their business profits and losses. The method used is socialization to provide an understanding of the importance of financial statements for MSMEs, followed by training and assistance in the process of making them. This program can significantly contribute to improving the competence of MSMEs in the field of accounting, especially in terms of preparing financial statements.

This community service activity aims to provide education about the use of shopping bags (totebags) from patchwork waste as an alternative to plastic bags to MSME business actors processed fish in Kampung Nelayan Desa Salira. The method used by the author in this activity begins with providing training on plastic bag waste, then also an introduction to the utilization of fabric waste that can be reused to make new products that are useful and ends with the handover of helanja bags to the business actors of processed fish MSMEs in Kampung Nelayan Desa Salira. The processed fish MSME products are in the form of payus fish amplang crackers, fish rolade, fish nuggets, fish meatballs made from fish, and in their sales require reusable shopping bags and have product selling value.

Adolescence is a transitional period full of emotional, physical, and biological changes. Although physical health is often the main focus of teenagers, mental health is a more important aspect to maintain. Balanced mental health can contribute to a person's happiness in life. However, in Indonesia, even though there is Law No. 18 of 2014 concerning Mental Health, mental health problems are still often ignored. Bullying is one of the factors that can damage teenagers' mental health. At SMP Negeri 17 Surakarta, bullying has become a problem that affects the mental well-being of students, both as perpetrators and victims. For this reason, community service with the theme "Socialization of Mental Health in Class VII at SMP Negeri 17 Surakarta" was carried out to increase students' awareness about the importance of maintaining mental health and the negative impact of bullying. This activity was carried out in four stages: presentation of material about mental health and bullying, group discussions, making positive affirmations, and giving rewards to participants. The results of this activity show that students understand the relationship between bullying and mental health disorders, and are aware of the long-term impacts of bullying behavior. This activity succeeded in attracting students' attention and increasing their awareness about the importance of maintaining mental health, with the hope of creating a healthier school environment free from bullying.

This article investigates the use of mood, atmosphere, and tone in F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby, as well as the socio-economic issues discussed therein, including gender, race, and social class. This research also investigates how Fitzgerald uses these narrative elements to criticize the American Dream and emphasize social inequality in the United States during the Jazz era. This novel tells of the sadness, emptiness, and dissatisfaction hidden behind the outer luxury and glamour. The results of the analysis show that The Great Gatsby shows a sharp criticism of socio-economic injustice and unrealistic expectations in society at that time. These things are still relevant for today's society

This case study investigates the impact of blended learning on students' English writing skills, focusing on a group of third-semester students majoring in English Education. Blended learning, which combines traditional face-to-face instruction with online learning components, is explored as a pedagogical approach that enhances writing proficiency through increased engagement and personalized feedback. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to 20 participants, revealing that a significant majority of students perceive blended learning as a motivating factor that fosters their writing development. The findings indicate that this approach not only improves grammar and overall writing skills but also provides ample opportunities for practice and constructive feedback, which are essential for skill enhancement. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of a supportive learning environment that encourages collaboration and community among students. The results advocate for the broader implementation of blended learning strategies in English writing instruction, emphasizing their potential to empower students and improve their language acquisition outcomes. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on effective teaching methodologies in language education and underscores the need for continuous adaptation and innovation in instructional practices.  

This article presents a systematic review of pragmatic competence in second language acquisition (SLA), emphasizing its critical role in effective communication and intercultural understanding. Pragmatic competence encompasses the ability to understand and use language appropriately in diverse social and cultural contexts, including mastering speech acts, politeness strategies, conversational implicatures, and intercultural pragmatics. Despite its importance, pragmatic competence often receives less attention in language instruction compared to grammar and vocabulary. The review highlights the effectiveness of explicit and implicit teaching methods, authentic interaction, and cultural immersion in developing pragmatic skills. It also underscores the role of technology, such as digital platforms and simulations, in enhancing learners’ ability to navigate real-life communication scenarios. The findings reveal significant challenges, including cultural variability in pragmatic norms, difficulties in standardizing assessments, and the influence of learners’ individual differences. The study calls for innovative teaching and evaluation methods, focusing on personalized approaches and the integration of pragmatic learning with emotional intelligence. By synthesizing current research and practices, this article provides valuable insights for educators, curriculum developers, and researchers, advocating for adaptive, culturally informed, and technology-supported strategies to enhance pragmatic competence in SLA.

The existence of a myth in a society is not only a story, the existence of a myth in a society can also shape moral values and norms for that society. The aim of this research is to find out the morals and behavior of the Sukau village community regarding the myth of the Naga Mas Lake Ranau. This research method is a qualitative descriptive method. This research uses literature study analysis theory, namely by collecting data by understanding and studying theories from various literature related to research. In conclusion, moral values and norms in society can be formed based on an incident or event that develops in a particular society. As happened in Sukau Village, the result of the presence of the golden dragon gave them restrictions on all their activities and the way they behaved, because there was a reciprocal relationship that occurred in all the behavior they carried out.

The pre-wedding procession in Mandailing tradition is a tradition that is still carried out today. Mandailing customary law regulates forms of marriage that reflect the community's kinship, cultural and religious values. Traditional weddings involve Dalihan Na Tolu—mora, kahanggi, and anak boru—as the core of the traditional procession. The wedding ceremony begins with a traditional meeting called makkobar or markkatai, where unique and formal greetings are used. Post-wedding processions such as marulahari, mangupa-upa and so on, all of this cannot be separated from the customs that are still inherent in Mandailing customs. All Mandailing traditional practices cannot be separated from the role of dalihan na tolu, especially in matters of marriage. This research uses a literature study method by analyzing traditional documents and related literature. The results show that Mandailing customs not only reflect cultural identity, but also strengthen social harmony and are able to adapt to changing times.

The pre-wedding procession in Mandailing tradition is a tradition that is still carried out today. Mandailing customary law regulates forms of marriage that reflect the community's kinship, cultural and religious values. Traditional weddings involve Dalihan Na Tolu—mora, kahanggi, and anak boru—as the core of the traditional procession. The wedding ceremony begins with a traditional meeting called makkobar or markkatai, where unique and formal greetings are used. Post-wedding processions such as marulahari, mangupa-upa and so on, all of this cannot be separated from the customs that are still inherent in Mandailing customs. All Mandailing traditional practices cannot be separated from the role of dalihan na tolu, especially in matters of marriage. This research uses a literature study method by analyzing traditional documents and related literature. The results show that Mandailing customs not only reflect cultural identity, but also strengthen social harmony and are able to adapt to changing times.

This research investigates the role of context in pragmatic interpretation, focusing on how context influences the understanding of meaning in communication. By examining various aspects such as implicature, deixis, presuppositions, and speech acts, the study highlights how speakers and listeners navigate meaning through contextual clues. The research employs a qualitative approach, gathering data from real-life interactions, including interviews and observations. Findings reveal that context is not just a passive backdrop but an active participant in shaping meaning, particularly in intercultural communication. This study emphasizes the dynamic nature of context and its indispensable role in pragmatic interpretation, offering insights for language teaching, intercultural communication, and artificial intelligence applications.

Social media has emerged as a transformative platform for youth skill development, particularly in diplomatic literacy. This qualitative study investigates how university students leverage social media to enhance their soft skills, focusing on communication, critical thinking, and cultural sensitivity. Through interviews and focus group discussions with 30 university students, the research explores the mechanisms by which digital platforms facilitate skill development. Findings reveal that social media provides unique opportunities for global interaction, information evaluation, and cross-cultural understanding. Students reported significant improvements in communication skills, critical thinking abilities, and cultural awareness through engaged social media use.

Mastering English from an early age is an important factor in preparing children to face global challenges in the future. This research aims to explore effective English language teaching methods in local communities, especially for children aged 7-12 years from lower middle socio-economic backgrounds. A qualitative approach was used through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation of learning activities for 3 weeks. The research results show that interactive methods, such as games, role playing, and the use of simple technology, can improve language skills, build self-confidence, and create an enjoyable learning experience. In addition, local community involvement and parental empowerment have proven to play an important role in supporting children's learning. These findings emphasize the need for collaboration between communities, educators, and families to create sustainable and relevant learning programs. With a needs-based and technology-based approach, English language teaching can be an effective tool for building a brighter future for children.

Reader response theory offers a dynamic approach to understanding literary interpretation, shifting focus from text-centered analysis to reader engagement. This study investigates reader responses to Diana Wynne Jones's "Howl's Moving Castle" through an analysis of reviews on Goodreads, utilizing Beach's framework of reader-response theory. Employing a qualitative descriptive method, the research collected 60 reader comments, systematically sampling one review per month over the past year. The analysis categorized responses across five dimensions: textual, experiential, psychological, social, and cultural, revealing that experiential responses (33.33%) and textual responses (27.08%) predominated. Additionally, the study examined reader engagement across cognitive (50%), emotional (36.4%), and behavioral (13.6%) dimensions. Findings demonstrate how online reading communities like Goodreads transform literary interpretation from a solitary to a collaborative experience, highlighting the complex ways readers interact with literary texts. By exploring the nuanced responses to "Howl's Moving Castle," this research contributes to our understanding of contemporary reading practices, critical thinking literacy, and the evolving landscape of digital literary engagement.

The transformation of the Indonesian language in the digital era not only creates challenges for, but also opens up great opportunities for dynamic and adaptive language development. The purpose of this study is to analyze the development of the Indonesian language in the digital era including the challenges and opportunities in the current development of the language. This study uses a descriptive qualitative library research approach, which is a method commonly used in social and linguistic research. Data analysis was carried out using the Miles interactive method which includes three stages, namely data reduction, data grouping (condensation), and drawing conclusions or verification. The results of this study indicate that there are significant challenges faced, such as the use of slang and foreign terms that can threaten the authenticity of the language. The opportunities that arise are also very large for the development and preservation of the Indonesian language, where language access becomes wider and the community has the opportunity to enrich vocabulary and improve Indonesian language literacy through various educational platforms.

As online platforms become more widely accessible, English learners have greater opportunities to practice speaking with foreign interlocutors, though many remain hesitant due to a lack of confidence in their speaking abilities. This study examines the perceptions of 107 first-semester English learners at a private university who were assigned to use SCMC platforms like Free4Talk, InterPals, and HelloTalk to engage in English conversations with foreign interlocutors. The aim was to understand how these platforms supported speaking practice and identify any challenges faced. Data were collected through a questionnaire that included Likert-scale items and open-ended questions. The results revealed that 78% of students had positive perceptions, indicating that the platforms facilitated their English-speaking practice through real-time communication. However, they also reported technical issues, such as poor internet connectivity, and challenges with engagement, including difficulty finding consistent conversation partners. The study recommends further research into long-term language learner experiences and an exploration of platform features that could enhance English-speaking practice.

In understanding foreign language texts, there are several challenges faced by young learners. The transformation of the learning system into online increasingly adds new problems for them. Students' motivation in online learning is relatively low, while the acquisition of foreign language reading comprehension demands great motivation (Fareh, 2010). Authentic text can be a solution to this problem. Therefore, this study was conducted to test its effectiveness in improving young students' reading comprehension in online classes and to examine their perceptions of teaching reading comprehension using authentic texts in online classes. This research is a quasi-experimental research with one group pre-test post-test design. The data generated is quantitative data in the form of student learning outcomes and reading interest questionnaires. The results showed that the use of authentic texts was proven to be effective in resolving new conflicts that arose in the online foreign language reading comprehension class. In addition, students' perceptions of the use of authentic texts are also good. However, the role of teachers and students is needed in its implementation

This study explores the factors influencing attendance among employees enrolled in English language courses, with a focus on understanding attendance patterns and proposing interventions to improve participation. English proficiency is a critical asset in the global era, and many companies in Indonesia offer English courses as part of their professional development programs. Despite their importance, these programs face attendance challenges due to factors such as professional commitments and schedule conflicts. The research employs a quantitative method, utilizing surveys to gather data from 15 employees participating in English courses at two institutions in Indonesia, one in Jakarta (called Bravo – pseudonym) and another one in Bandung (called Delta – pseudonym). Results highlight two primary factors affecting attendance: (1) professional development as a key motivator and (2) schedule conflicts as a major barrier. To address these challenges, the study proposes actionable interventions, by implementing a blended learning model and integrating mutual agreements between companies and course providers including creating supportive environment such as implementing blended learning model, designating learning hours and providing reward or incentive.

Stunting is a significant health issue in Indonesia caused by chronic malnutrition starting during pregnancy. A healthy lifestyle for pregnant women is an essential step to prevent stunting and support the continuity of a healthy generation. This community service activity aimed to increase the knowledge of pregnant women, prospective brides, health cadres, and the community about the importance of a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy. The activity was conducted in Lubok Sukon Village, Ingin Jaya Subdistrict, Aceh Besar District, on December 23, 2023, through counseling, interactive discussions, and free medical check-ups. A total of 84 respondents participated in this program. Based on pre-test results, only 19.04% of respondents had good knowledge about a healthy lifestyle. However, after the education, this number increased to 69.05%. The education covered topics such as nutritional intake, regular pregnancy check-ups, physical activity, and family support. The results indicate that this program effectively improved respondents' understanding. It is expected that this initiative can serve as a starting point in reducing stunting rates in the community.