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The phenomenon of homeless individuals and beggars (gepeng) in Jambi City remains a significant and ongoing social issue, indicating that efforts to address poverty and urban social vulnerability have not yet been fully effective. Although the local government, through the Jambi City Social Affairs Office, has implemented a Social Rehabilitation Program aimed at restoring beneficiaries’ social functioning through outreach, social assessment, social guidance, skills training, and family reunification, the presence of gepeng in public spaces continues to fluctuate from 2022 to 2024. This study analyzes the effectiveness of the program’s implementation, particularly the social guidance component, using a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observation, and documentation review, and analyzed using George C. Edward III’s policy implementation theory, which emphasizes communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The findings show that the program has been carried out procedurally and humanely; however, its effectiveness remains limited due to insufficient numbers of social workers, weak and unsustained economic empowerment support, and inadequate post-rehabilitation monitoring. As a result, some beneficiaries return to the streets after completing the program. Therefore, strengthening inter-agency communication, increasing resource capacity, integrating sustainable economic empowerment initiatives, and improving consistent monitoring systems are essential steps to achieve long-term and more sustainable reductions in homelessness in Jambi.

The practice of fishing using bombs (blast fishing) presents a serious threat to marine ecosystems and the sustainability of coastal communities' livelihoods. Law enforcement against these violations faces complex challenges, especially in large areas of water with limited fleet and patrol personnel. Perpetrators who move quickly and change locations, coupled with the lack of reports from the public due to fear or social ties, further complicate enforcement efforts. In addition, access to hidden locations and coordination between law enforcement agencies that are not optimal are also the main obstacles. Global studies confirm that the lack of effective law enforcement and adequate governance is a significant driver of these destructive practices, even beyond socio-economic factors. Therefore, a comprehensive strategy is needed that includes strengthening integrated marine patrols on a regular basis, imposing strict sanctions, increasing socialization of the dangers of fish bombs, and the active involvement of coastal communities as supervisors. A synergistic approach between law enforcement officials and local communities, combining prevention and joint management measures, is key to achieving effective marine conservation and sustainable management of fishery resources.

This study aims to analyze the perceptions of students from various majors regarding the urgency of legal protection for the Napoleon wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus), a rare and endangered marine species that plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of coral reef ecosystems. This fish faces serious pressure due to overexploitation and illegal trade, thus requiring special attention from a legal and conservation perspective. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach with purposive sampling technique, involving students from marine, fisheries, environmental, and legal departments. Primary data were collected through a questionnaire designed to elicit respondents' insights, level of understanding, and recommendations regarding the protection of this species. The data obtained were then analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns of perception and key ideas. The results showed that the majority of students considered legal protection for the Napoleon wrasse to be very urgent. They advocated for strengthening regulations, stricter law enforcement, increased surveillance in water areas, education for coastal communities, development of conservation and cultivation programs, and strengthening international cooperation. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of a comprehensive and collaborative protection strategy to support the sustainability of marine resources.

Bureaucratic reform is an essential step in realizing a clean, accountable, professional, and transparent government. The 2020–2024 Bureaucratic Reform Road Map has emphasized the Ministry of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform’s (Kementerian PANRB) efforts to establish a healthy bureaucracy through the strengthening of the merit system, performance management, and service digitalization. As providers of public services, Civil Servants (ASN) play a crucial role in ensuring professional public service delivery; therefore, an organized performance management system is required to achieve optimal bureaucratic reform. However, in practice, the performance management implemented by the Ministry still faces challenges, particularly concerning non-ASN personnel. This study aims to analyze the implementation of performance management in the process of structuring non-ASN personnel by the Ministry of PANRB as part of the national bureaucratic reform agenda. The research employs a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis based on literature review, legislation, and secondary data from official sources. The findings indicate that the policy of structuring non-ASN personnel, grounded in the principles of the merit system and performance management, has brought significant changes to human resource governance within government institutions. Nevertheless, its implementation still encounters challenges such as limited budget allocation, lack of integrated performance data, and uncertainty regarding the employment status and welfare of non-ASN employees. The digitalization efforts through the e-Kinerja system and national personnel data collection serve as strategic steps to enhance transparency and accountability in performance assessment. Thus, comprehensive performance management is expected to promote professionalism among public servants, improve organizational effectiveness, and realize an adaptive and integrity-based bureaucracy.

Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) are religious institutions focused on education, the dissemination of Islamic knowledge, and the propagation of Islamic propagation, as well as serving as centers for the development of religious thinkers. Furthermore, pesantren also serve as platforms for human resource development and empowerment for alumni, families, and the wider community. This research aims to collect data to uncover fundamental issues arising from phenomena, realities, and experiences, thereby providing a diverse range of knowledge regarding the life and practice of pesantren-based economic empowerment. Economic empowerment is understood as both a process and a goal. As a process, economic empowerment encompasses a series of efforts to improve the economic capabilities and strengths of vulnerable communities to improve their quality of life. As a goal, economic empowerment represents the desired condition or outcome and serves as a measure of the success of the process. To realize an empowered people's economy, three main elements are required: production potential, distribution potential, and consumption potential. These three elements constitute concrete and applicable steps for effectively implementing community economic empowerment. By considering these three potentials, empowerment can be implemented in a focused and sustainable manner. Pesantren, in their historical and cultural dynamics, play a vital role in the life of the nation. Therefore, Islamic boarding schools have the capacity, both in quality and quantity, to contribute and play a significant role in efforts to empower the community's economy.

Debt disputes often occur in business relationships. Sometimes debtors do not pay their debts, causing problems regarding debt repayment. One of the legal steps taken by creditors is to file a petition for bankruptcy with the Commercial Court. The requirements for bankruptcy in Indonesia are relatively straightforward, making it easy for debtors to be declared bankrupt. This is detrimental to debtors, as bankruptcy has significant implications for the sustainability of their businesses. This situation raises questions about how debtors can obtain justice in bankruptcy cases. Supreme Court Decision No. 1714 K/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2022 serves as the case study for this research. In that decision, the judge rejected the bankruptcy petition despite it meeting the requirements of Article 2(1) of the Bankruptcy Law, as the judge believed there were still options for a simple lawsuit and the impact of bankruptcy was not proportional to the value of the debt in question. This paper was written using the normative legal research method. This study will use a regulatory approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach. The results of this study show that debtors who are petitioned for bankruptcy

This study examines the phenomenon of hoax news dissemination through the social media platform TikTok and its impact on Generation Z in Tanjung Pinang. The background of this research is based on the increasing intensity of TikTok usage among young people, making the platform not only a source of entertainment but also an alternative channel of information. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method, using in-depth interviews with ten respondents selected through purposive sampling. The findings reveal that although most members of Generation Z are aware of hoaxes, their ability to verify information remains limited, making them easily influenced by provocative viral content. The most common hoaxes encountered are related to political, health, and social issues, which may lead to public unrest and shape public perception. This study highlights the importance of digital literacy as the main defense against the flood of information in the new media era, as well as the need for collaboration among government, educational institutions, and society to strengthen critical awareness in the use of social media.

Plagiarism in scientific writing is a serious violation that not only harms the original creator but also undermines academic integrity, the development of scientific knowledge, and the credibility of educational institutions. This research aims to analyze the regulation of plagiarism acts based on the laws and regulations in Indonesia, as well as to build a firmer criminal law construction against acts of plagiarism within academic settings. This study employs a normative juridical method with a doctrinal approach, examining relevant laws and legal theories. The findings indicate that although plagiarism has been regulated in several legal instruments such as the Indonesian Penal Code (KUHP), Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright, Law Number 20 of 2003 on the National Education System, and the Regulation of the Minister of National Education Number 17 of 2010, the existing regulations tend to be administrative in nature and have not provided a sufficient deterrent effect. Therefore, a more comprehensive and implementable criminal law construction is needed to ensure the protection of scientific works and legal certainty in the enforcement of criminal sanctions against perpetrators of plagiarism. In addition, preventive efforts through academic ethics education, the implementation of plagiarism detection systems, and the strengthening of internal policies within universities are also important steps that must be optimized.

Adolescence is the stage where a child's puberty occurs before reaching adulthood, this is a process that every child must go through between the ages of 12 and 18. At this stage, children who are growing up generally experience several changes both physically, emotionally, and emotionally, becoming more sensitive to circumstances and desires or high curiosity about their environment. In conditions like this, the role of several parties and knowledge is very necessary to control and supervise without having to restrain so as to hinder the development of the teenager, these parties include parents, family, teachers, and the community. Based on this, it is felt necessary to carry out socialization and a direct approach to convey the importance of knowledge or science to fortify adolescent behavior so that a situation that exceeds the limit does not occur such as promiscuity, free sex and other negative influences that must be directly conveyed to the teenager. From this service, a report was made as a form of steps that have been taken as an effort to protect the generation with knowledge in the digital era for the future. In addition, in facing the increasingly rapidly developing digital era, teenagers are very vulnerable to the influence of social media and the flow of information that is so fast and unlimited. Easy access to various digital platforms can have positive impacts if used wisely, but it also has the potential to lead teens to negative content if not properly supported. Therefore, digital literacy is a crucial skill for teens to master, enabling them to select information, convey critical messages, and use technology responsibly.

This study examines organizational communication within the General Election Supervisory Body (Bawaslu) of Pasuruan Regency in handling violations during the 2024 Regional Elections (Pilkada). Using a qualitative case study approach, data were obtained through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation involving Bawaslu members, technical staff, and the Integrated Law Enforcement Center (Gakkumdu). The results show that vertical and horizontal communication flows are generally effective in supporting internal coordination and violation handling, despite challenges such as limited human resources, high workloads, and inter-agency coordination gaps. To address these, Bawaslu strengthens internal meetings, leverages digital media, provides technical training, and enhances external collaboration and public outreach. The study concludes that effective organizational communication significantly improves election monitoring performance and offers insights for communication strategies in other supervisory bodies.To address these issues, Bawaslu has taken several proactive steps. These include strengthening internal meetings to improve coordination and decision-making, leveraging digital media for more efficient communication and reporting, providing technical training to staff to enhance their skills in violation detection and reporting, and fostering stronger collaboration with external agencies such as Gakkumdu for coordinated law enforcement. Additionally, Bawaslu has focused on improving public outreach through social media campaigns to increase awareness of the electoral process and violations. The study concludes that effective organizational communication significantly improves election monitoring performance and offers insights for communication strategies in other supervisory bodies. It recommends that other institutions facing similar challenges in managing complex, multi-agency processes adopt similar strategies to improve both internal and external communication for more efficient operations and outcomes.  

The rapid development of digital technology has had a significant impact on various aspects of human life, including the distribution and consumption of entertainment content. One form of entertainment that has undergone a major transformation is film, where the existence of digital platforms has made access to various film titles increasingly easy, fast, and practical. The presence of official, legal streaming services offers a comfortable viewing experience and supports the sustainability of the film industry. However, on the other hand, this phenomenon has also given rise to a new problem, namely the increasing practice of accessing films through illegal streaming sites that are easily found on the internet. The use of illegal streaming sites certainly has various consequences, both legal, ethical, and economic. From a legal perspective, such actions clearly violate copyright, which should be protected by law. From an economic perspective, this illegal practice is detrimental to many parties, from film producers and distributors to the state, which loses potential revenue. However, the reality on the ground shows that the majority of the public, especially students, still frequently use illegal sites due to considerations of free access, the availability of the latest films, and ease of use. Based on this phenomenon, this study focuses on evaluating the perceptions of students at the Indonesian Computer University (UNIKOM) regarding the legality of using illegal streaming sites. The research was conducted using a descriptive quantitative approach, with primary data obtained through questionnaires distributed to 30 students from various study programs. The results are expected to provide insight into students' level of legal awareness and the factors influencing their choices regarding accessing films through legal and illegal channels. These findings are also expected to provide input for stakeholders in formulating educational and outreach strategies regarding the importance of respecting copyright.

This study examines adolescents' perceptions of the representation of premarital pregnancy in the film Dua Garis Biru (Two Blue Lines), and its impact on their views on relationships, responsibility, and moral values. Film is positioned as a mass communication medium capable of shaping public opinion and effectively conveying social messages, particularly to adolescents. The approach used was a qualitative reception study method, involving eight adolescent informants as the main participants. Data collection techniques were conducted through in-depth interviews, then analyzed using thematic coding using NVivo software, to identify patterns of perception and meaning that emerged from participant responses. The results showed that most adolescents viewed Dua Garis Biru as an educational film that portrayed the realities of adolescent life honestly and touchingly. The film was deemed successful in conveying messages about the importance of responsibility, self-control, and awareness of the consequences of premarital relationships. Furthermore, an understanding of the need for open sexual education and healthy communication between children and parents emerged. The adolescents also highlighted the representation of gender inequality and the greater social pressures felt by women in situations of premarital pregnancy. The film was considered not only entertainment, but also a learning medium capable of shaping adolescents' emotional, moral, and social awareness. The film's reflective and contextual storytelling encourages young audiences to better understand the social realities around them. Thus, Dua Garis Biru (Two Blue Lines) makes a significant contribution in conveying social and moral educational values to adolescents.  

Digital transformation is a shift from traditional (manual) working methods to more modern and efficient ways of utilizing technology. This study aims to describe the digital transformation process in population administration services and the supporting and inhibiting factors in Tangerang Regency. The research method uses a qualitative approach. There are three data collection types: observation, interviews, and documentation. While the data analysis used is interactive. The results of the study show that the implementation of digital transformation in population administration services in Tangerang Regency has had a positive impact, especially in accelerating and facilitating access to services. Despite facing challenges such as limited technology, digital literacy, and human resource readiness, the government has taken strategic steps to overcome them. Continued infrastructure support and education programs are the key to success.

Taxation contributes to national development, and Indonesia has responded to global dynamics by introducing Indonesia Core Tax, a digital system designed to improve tax transparency and compliance. Although Indonesia has adopted various digital systems such as e-Faktur and e-Invoicing, it still faces implementation challenges, while Malaysia is more advanced with its integrated and phased API-based e-Invois system. This study examines taxation policy within the framework of Indonesia Core Tax, focusing on the legal aspects of e-Invoicing implementation as part of the digital transformation of tax administration. The analysis covers the hierarchy and functions of legislation, from laws and regulations to Minister of Finance regulations (PMK) and technical regulations of the Directorate General of Taxes (DJP). This study uses a normative legal research method with a legislative approach and a comparative approach to compare Indonesia's digital taxation system with Malaysia's, covering legal structure, legal substance, and legal culture. The results of the study show that although Indonesia has a fairly complete digital legal framework, the implementation of the e-Invoicing system still faces challenges in terms of regulatory consistency and technological readiness. In contrast, Malaysia has already implemented a mandatory and centralized API-based e-Invoice system through a clearance model approach. This study recommends harmonizing digitalization policies in taxation and strengthening the legal system as strategic steps toward more effective and adaptive tax administration.

Gender-based violence has become a growing global problem, but in Mexico, the phenomenon of femicide has reached a concerning crisis level. Femicide, or the killing of women because of their gender identity, reflects the most extreme form of inequality and injustice experienced by women in society. This study seeks to examine the femicide crisis in Mexico as a manifestation of the state's failure to fulfill its obligation to protect women's rights. Through a qualitative descriptive approach, this study analyzes how weak legal institutions, high rates of impunity, and a deeply rooted patriarchal culture exacerbate the situation of violence against women. In addition, this study also examines the extent to which Mexico has implemented international standards, especially the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), and how the state has failed to implement them effectively. Using the concept of state failure, this study concludes that the femicide crisis in Mexico is not only a social problem, but also reflects the state's structural inability to provide equal legal protection and justice for women. Therefore, there needs to be a comprehensive reform of the legal system and gender-responsive public policies based on human rights principles. Therefore, increasing institutional capacity and strengthening public accountability mechanisms are important steps so that the state is no longer negligent in handling femicide and is truly present for victims in a real and comprehensive manner.

Financing in the health sector plays an important role in ensuring the sustainability of hospital operations and the provision of quality health services. Structured and efficient financing planning contributes greatly to improving the health of the community. However, in practice, it is not uncommon to find problems due to weak financial planning, such as budget limitations that have an impact on the low quality of health services and waste due to inappropriate spending. To overcome these problems, strategic steps are needed, including through increasing funding, more accountable management and allocation of funds, and controlling service costs. Thus, the issue of health financing has a significant influence on the quality of public health and is an important part of the development of the national health system.

This study compares sex work regulations in Indonesia and Thailand through the lens of human security. Using qualitative comparative literature approach, the research analyzes four core dimensions including health, economy, legal protection, and social inclusion. Findings show that Indonesia still relies on criminalization, which exacerbates vulnerability, restricts access to health services, and reinforces stigma. Conversely, Thailand is undergoing a regulatory transition marked by community engagement, harm reduction practices, and early steps toward decriminalization. However, Thailand’s policy remains incomplete in addressing the rights of migrant and transgender sex workers. The study concludes that while Thailand provides a more inclusive model, both countries require further policy reform distinguishing voluntary sex work from exploitation, strengthening grassroots organizations, and regional policy harmonization under ASEAN human rights framework.

This paper examines the legal framework and practical implementation of using Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) as fiduciary collateral in Indonesia. The study identifies existing legal uncertainties and administrative challenges that hinder the optimization of IPRs as collateral objects, such as the absence of technical implementation regulations and limited awareness among stakeholders. Through normative legal analysis supported by empirical evidence, this research explores how the current fiduciary security law can be adapted to better accommodate IPRs, highlighting the potential for IPRs to enhance access to finance, particularly for creative economy actors. The paper also presents solutions, including the need for clear implementing regulations, capacity-building among stakeholders, and stronger coordination among government institutions. Ultimately, the research emphasizes the strategic importance of integrating IPRs into financial mechanisms and proposes actionable steps for regulatory and institutional reform.  

This article examines the strategic role of Vocational High Schools (SMK) in preparing a skilled workforce amid global dynamics and rapid technological developments. The focus of the discussion lies in the implementation of the Independent Curriculum which provides flexibility for educational units to develop learning that is contextual, adaptive, and relevant to the needs of the world of work. Through strengthening the project-based learning approach, teaching factory, and collaboration with industry, the Merdeka Curriculum encourages harmony between learning in vocational schools and competencies needed by the business world and the industrial world (DUDI). This article analyzes curriculum documents, learning outcomes, and Graduate Competency Standards (SKL), and identifies a number of challenges in implementation, such as inequality of facilities, limited involvement of DUDI, uneven teacher capacity, and regulatory complexity. By referring to regulations such as Permendikbudristek No. 12 of 2024 and Presidential Instruction No. 9 of 2016, the author proposes systematic steps such as competency mapping, preparation of Learning Objectives Flow (ATP), and evidence-based evaluation. The transformation of vocational education through collaboration between stakeholders is expected to create an educational ecosystem that is responsive to industrial and technological changes. This article concludes that vocational schools must be able to become institutions that not only produce job-ready graduates, but also innovative and creative in creating new job opportunities.

The practice of divorce without going through a formal court process, commonly referred to as informal or unregistered divorce, remains prevalent in Indonesian society despite clear regulations outlined in Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage. This paper aims to examine the legal dimensions of such practices and explore the social and psychological impacts, particularly on children. Findings indicate that divorces conducted outside the legal framework not only violate national laws but also often result in disadvantages for vulnerable parties, especially women and children. In Islamic teachings, while divorce is permissible, it is considered the most detested lawful act by Allah and should only be pursued after all efforts at reconciliation have failed. National legal provisions echo this perspective by emphasizing mediation and the principle of justice as primary steps in resolving marital disputes. This alignment reflects a harmony between religious norms and state law. Therefore, public awareness of proper legal procedures for divorce needs to be enhanced to protect individual rights and preserve family stability. Strengthening legal education and premarital counseling are effective preventive strategies in this regard.