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This research is apreliminary research that contains efforts to implement the snowball throwing learning model at the elementary level, especially in grade 4. This study also aims to determine student responses to the application of the snowball throwing learning model at the elementary school level. This study used a research design with the "One Shot Case Study" design, namely research conducted by giving certain treatment to research subjects, in this case the snowball throwing learning model. The data obtained were analyzed using research methods for students. In this study the authors used a data collection technique in the form of a questionnaire technique. The questionnaire used in this research is a student learning motivation questionnaire. The results of this study indicate that students' responses to learning using the snowball throwing model received a positive response with a percentage of 88.43%.

This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of the scientific approach on the mathematical reasoning abilities of class X IPA students at SMA Negeri 11 Medan. The population in this study were all students in class X SMA Negeri 11 Medan which consisted of 10 classes, namely 360 students. Of the 10 classes randomly selected, class X IPA 6 was an experimental class that was taught using a scientific approach, and class X IPA 7 was selected as a control class that was taught using conventional learning. This type of research is quantitative research. The data collection instrument was in the form of a posttest in the form of a description, which consisted of 5 validated questions. Data analysis in this study used the SPSS 20 application. Before testing the hypothesis, the normality test was first tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the homogeneity test using the homogeneity of variance test and the data linearity test. From the tests carried out, it was found that the data in the study of the two samples came from populations with normal, homogeneous, and linear distribution, thus the authors could provide treatment to both samples. The results of the study after being treated for two meetings, namely in the experimental class taught using the scientific approach obtained an average value of 90.17 and the control class taught using conventional learning obtained an average value of 74.17. To test the hypothesis, a simple linear regression test was used from the results of the calculations, then obtained an F count of 73.579 a significance level of 0.000

Obesity is one of commonly found problem, with the numbers rising globally. Obesity also often associated with other conditions, such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and osteoarthritis. This study aims to find out the correlation between obesity and incidence of knee pain for elderly. The study is an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design, that’s done at Sasana Tresna Werda RIA Pembangunan in January 2019. The population for this study is the elderly with minimum 60 years of age. Data were obtained through interview for knee pain variable, height and weight were measured by health workers using calibrated tools. Body mass index (BMI) over 25 kg/m2 is categorized as obese. Descriptive data will be presented as proportion (%). Statistical test used in the study are Pearson Chi Square with Yates Correction and Fisher Exact as alternative. The expected significance value in this study is 5%. The study found that there was significant relationship between obesity and knee pain in the elderly at Sasana Tresna Werda RIA Pembangunan (p-value=0.022). Elderly group with obesity is clinically known have 2.684 times higher riks of experiencing knee pain compared to the other group. Obesity is a major risk factor for knee pain including osteoarthritis and has an impact on morbidity in the elderly population. Holistic evaluation and treatment is needed in dealing with knee pain and obesity, considering that these two variables have a complex and multi-factorial pathogenesis.

Colorectal carcinoma, a malignant neoplasm originating from the epithelial cells of the large intestine or rectum, poses a significant health problem worldwide. The estimated global incidence of colorectal cancer was 2.17 million cases in 2019. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, colorectal cancer ranks fifth among the most common cancer cases with a mortality rate of 9.5%. Demographic characteristics, including age, gender, ethnicity, and geographic location, have been extensively studied in relation to colorectal carcinoma. Understanding the patterns of differentiation and demographic characteristics associated with this disease is crucial for the diagnosis, treatment, and overall prognosis of patients. This study is a descriptive observational study that examines the demographic characteristics and differentiation of colorectal carcinoma patients. The study sample consists of a subset of the research population at Ciawi Regional General Hospital who underwent surgery from June 2021 to May 2023. A total of 21 respondents met the inclusion criteria, with a mean age of 54 years, and were predominantly female (57.1%). The results of this study indicate that poorly differentiated colorectal carcinoma generally occurs at a younger age compared to well and moderately differentiated cases. In terms of gender, females are more likely to experience colorectal carcinoma compared to males. Further research is needed to uncover the interactions between tumor biology, demographics, and clinical outcomes, with the ultimate goal of improving the prognosis and survival rates for individuals with colorectal carcinoma.    

Elderly is someone who is over 65 years old and the elderly are also a risk group whose population is increasing. Elderly is not a disease, but an advanced stage of a life process which is marked by a decrease in the body's ability to adapt to environmental stress. The purpose of doing perceptual stimulation group activity therapy is that the client can reduce the depression he is experiencing and follow the treatment program optimally. Health counseling was held on Wednesday, June 7 2023. The population in this counseling were officers and the elderly in the Wisma Durian Room Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia 2 Social Institution. After carrying out group activity therapy "ball relay" the results (100%) were officers and the elderly understand, understand and be able to exemplify how to play the ball relay.  

Measurement of haemoglobin (Hb) is a standard examination in pregnant women at the first prenatal visit that is used to evaluate physical status and anemia. One of the health conditions that often occurs and is important to note in reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality is anemia in pregnancy, which can increase the risk of infection, preeclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, low birth weight babies, preterm birth, to death for both mother and child. fetus. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the difference in mean haemoglobin levels with the incidence of mild preeclampsia, severe preeclampsia and eclampsia which were selected according to the criteria by total sampling using medical record data in the period January 2020 - December 2020. The variables in this study consisted of the basic characteristics of the respondents (age mother and parity status), gestational age (weeks), and medical condition of the mother divided into three groups (mild, severe preeclampsia, and eclampsia). Statistical analysis using the Kruskall Wallis test. This study included 190 respondents with an average maternal age of 32 years and an average haemoglobin level of 10.86 with medical conditions dominated by severe preeclampsia (85.3%). The results of the study found that there was no significant difference in mean hemoglobin levels between the three groups of pregnant women (p-value: 0.235). To improve the quality of life of the mother and fetus, it is recommended that primary health services should be strengthened, prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of anemia in pregnancy should be prioritized.    

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a skin inflammation in the form of chronic, recidive dermatitis, accompanied by itching, and hitting certain parts of the body, especially on the face in the baby (infantile phase) and the flexible part of the extremities (in the child phase). Atopic dermatitis often occurs in infants and children, about 50% will disappear in adolescence, but sometimes it can also persist, or even only begin to appear in adulthood. The prevalence of AD is increasing and the increase in the incidence of AD is related to a history of atopy. The etiology of AD is not known with certainty, but it is known to be caused by the interaction of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in AD. Clinically, itching and skin disorders are found according to specific morphology and distribution. Risk factors that are proven to cause and induce AD are skin barrier disorders due to FLG mutations, environmental changes, and diet. FLG mutations can damage the skin barrier function with impaired pH and maintenance of skin hydration. It is known that the causes of multifactor AD and AD cannot be cured, however, only controlled. Therefore, preventive efforts are important, where doctors need to communicate with patients and their families, provide information and education on diseases, and how to treat and prevent recurrences. Because until now there is no ideal treatment regimen for AD patients, so thorough and appropriate management is needed, especially in reducing signs and symptoms, healing and preventing recurrences.    

Childbirth is a series of events when a baby is released from the mother's womb, followed by the release of the placenta and fetal membranes from the mother's body (Fitriana and Nurwiyandani, 2018). Experimental research method with a design that is Control group pre test-Post test. The population in this study were all primigravid postpartum patients without complications during the first active phase in the working area of ​​the Halilulik Health Center, Naitimu Village, West Tasifeto District, East Nusa Tenggara, Using a purposive sampling technique, a sample of 16 people was obtained with a distribution of 8 people for the back rubbing massage treatment using the Power Massager (group 1) and 8 people for the back rubbing massage treatment using the hands (group 2). The results showed that the back rubbing massage treatment using a power massager obtained an average decrease in pain of 2.375, while the treatment of back rubbing massage using hands obtained an average decrease in pain of 1.250, obtained P count of 0.0013 P <0.05, So it can be concluded that back rubbing massage using a power massager is more effective than using hands in reducing pain in primigravida in parturient patients in the active phase 1. In conclusion, back rubbing massage using a power massager is more effective in reducing pain in primigravid patients in labor in the first active phase.

Introduction: Stroke sufferers really need good treatment to prevent physical and mental disability because stroke patients can recover completely and quickly handled within the first 6 hours (golden period), but if more than that time does not get maximum treatment then there will be disability and physical weakness such as hemipares. Objective: This literature summary aims to review the relationship between the effectiveness of active range of motion (ROM) on increasing muscle strength in stroke patients.  Research method: In compiling this research literature researchers use the PIO method: Population is a stroke patient, Intervention with active ROM, Outcome muscle strength.Results: Based on 5 journals, it was found that there was an influence after Rangge Of Motion (ROM) therapy in healing stroke that experienced muscle weakness. Conclusion: ROM exercise is effective for increasing muscle strength and preventing muscle weakness, by giving exercise 2x a day morning and evening about 15-30 minutes.

Fish is a biological resource in the form of aquatic biota which has the widest number and distribution on earth. The wide distribution of fish supports the large number of species diversity so that it occupies the largest percentage of vertebrate groups. SEAMEO BIOTROP (Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology) is a Southeast Asian Ministers of Education’s Organization that provides programs for agricultural students. SEAMEO BIOTROP has several apprenticeship divisions, one of which is Sustainable Urban Agriculture Practitioner (PPB) which studies various problems and solutions to agriculture in the environment urban area. The sub-topic in the internship activities of the PPB division is Red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) cultivation with the Yumina and Bumina techniques which can be carried out in urban areas. The activities carried out include: 1. Seeding, 2. Maintenance, 3. Treatment. The purpose of this activity is to provide knowledge, understanding, and skills in cultivating red tilapia properly and correctly so that it can grow and generate large profits at harvest for the community.  

Background: Self-efficacy is the perception of the ability to consider and implement behavior patterns as self-regulation that is obtained through motivation and determining achievement of expectations. Good self-efficacy is needed not only for healthy people but also for sick people, especially people with chronic illnesses. Decreased self-efficacy can occur in people with chronic illnesses. We know that people with chronic diseases have long treatment programs, even for a lifetime, such as taking medication and sometimes this feels boring or boring. Consuming drugs or running a continuous treatment program can lead to boredom so that it is possible to want to stop taking medication. This is the background for wanting to know what actions can be taken to increase self-efficacy in people with chronic diseases. Self-efficacy increases if there is effort in dealing with existing obstacles. Interventions can be provided by health workers in increasing self-efficacy in people with chronic diseases. Objective: This study aims to describe the effect of Beapreasi therapy on self-efficacy in patients with chronic diseases at the Bergas Health Center, Semarang Regency. Methods: The research design used was descriptive and was carried out on 6 respondents, all of whom became the experimental group or all of whom became respondents. The method used to determine respondents is a purposive sampling technique. All respondents were assessed for self-efficacy using a self-efficacy scale questionnaire which was measured 2 times, namely before and after being given Beapreasi therapy. Results: The study showed that the mean value of the self-efficacy scale in the experimental group before the intervention was 81.79 and the value of the efficacy scale in the experimental group after the intervention was 89.36. this shows that there is an increase in the value on the self-efficacy scale and there is a difference in the mean value on the self-efficacy scale in the experimental group before giving the intervention with after giving the intervention with a p value of 0.00, p value <0.05 so that there is a significant/significant effect of giving reward therapy on improvement self-efficacy. Conclusion: Beapreasi therapeutic intervention can be used to maintain self-efficacy or increase self-efficacy in patients with chronic diseases, with the hope that patients will remain enthusiastic in carrying out their care and life. Beapreasi therapy can be used as a nurse's independent intervention in accompanying the care of patients with chronic diseases who require lifelong treatment and this is in an effort to increase self-efficacy in sufferers of chronic diseases.  

Hadith is one of the pillars of Muslims in carrying out Islamic law. Besides that, hadith is also a sharp weapon for orientalists in bringing down Islam. One of the bases used by orientalists in overthrowing Islam is the hadiths that seem textually contradictory. Hadith that appear to be textually contradictory can cause misunderstandings for the general public if they do not examine them in depth. One example is the hadith narrated by Abū Dāwud which contradicts the permissibility and prohibition of using illicit objects in medicine. Therefore, researchers conducted research on the meaning and completion of the two hadiths. This type of research is qualitative in nature (library research) with descriptive presentation and analysis methods. This research also uses the book of Sunan Abū Dāwud and is assisted by other standard books, then it is analyzed by studying the Mukhtalif al-Ḥadīṡ method of Syaikh Shāliḥ al-Uṡaimin to resolve the two contradictory hadiths. The result of this study is that the two hadiths can be solved using the al-Jam'u method. Based on the compromise of the two hadiths, it is known that the use of illicit objects is permissible with certain considerations and conditions.

HIV screening services are the main entry point for services aimed at prevention, treatment, support and treatment. The use of HIV screening services by key populations, including transgender women, is important so that HIV status is monitored. Many transgender women work as commercial sex workers, so the spread of HIV is a cause for concern, so the use of HIV screening is important. The causes of the underutilization of HIV screening services need to be investigated. This study aims to examine the relationship between transgender perceptions of HIV screening services in the health center laboratory. The method used in this research is cross sectional with interview method. 80 transgender women in PERWAKOS were interviewed fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed using the bivariate test to determine the relationship, the multivariate test to determine the simultaneous relationship, and the binary multiple regressions test on the IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 for Mac software. Result: The sample size was 80 and it became 73. As many as (78%) 57 chose no stigma, (79.5%) 58 chose fast waiting time, (84.9%) 62 chose the distance from home to a close laboratory, (60.3 %) 44 perceived complete, (53.4%) 39 chose less professional. There is a relationship between the perception of transgender women on stigma by the laboratory staff (p = 0.000), the distance from the house to the laboratory (p = 0.000) and HIV screening services in the health center laboratory. In conclusion, there is a relationship between transgender perceptions of stigma by laboratory assistants, the distance from the house to the laboratory and the use of its services.

Job satisfaction of employees is one of the successes for a person who leads an organization. A leader is appointed based on the results of his hard work during his previous work, of course as a leader is appointed because of his work that is considered good and trusted from the organization. Employee job satisfaction can be seen from the leader's treatment of them. The purpose of the study is to analyze whether the situational leadership style affects the job satisfaction of employees in carrying out their duties. By using the literature review study method, data obtained from books and several previous studies. Situational leadership affects job satisfaction. Most employees are more likely to like the situational leadership style because it can make it easier for employees to make work plans for the organization and control employees to prevent unwanted things. Therefore, good leadership in environmental adjustment often leads to job satisfaction.

The main goal of community education about stroke is to disaminate information in order to increase awareness of stroke including signs and symptoms, risk factors, appropriate emergency response, and effective prevention strategies. Extension activities provide an in-depth understanding of the dangers of dangerous blows and the importance of preventive measures through counseling media and seminars. This activity also seeks to provide assistance in recognizing early symptoms, treatment and management as early as possible, and education about a healthy lifestyle to reduce the risk of stroke. Thus, counseling about stroke is very important in reducing the incidence of stroke, early treatment, prevention and post-stroke rehabilitation to provide a better quality of life.

Nausea and vomiting are symptoms that a reasonable and often happen in the first trimester of pregnancy. It usually occurs in the morning, but can occurs at any time including at night. This condition can cause dehydration or lack of fluid and electrolyte inbalance, hence the condition of pregnant mother's get worse. Lemon aromatherapy is one of alternative method to decrease nausea and vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy. It provides relaxation and sedative by stimulating the limbic system. This study was conducted to find the effect of lemon aromatherapy to decrease nausea and vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy. Design used in this study was pre-experiment (one-group pretest-posttest designed). The population were all pregnant women that have nausea and vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy. The samples were 12 respondent taken by purposive sampling according to the inclusion criteria. The independent variable was lemon aromatherapy. While the dependent variables were nausea and vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and observation. Data were then analyzed using statistic test (wilcoxon signed rank test) with level of significance ??0.05. The result showed that giving lemon aromatherapy had an effect to decrease nausea and vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy (p=0.002). There were differences of nausea and vomiting between pre-treatment lemon aromatherapy (x=8.50) and post-treatment lemon aromatherapy (x=4.25). It can be concluded that giving lemon aromatherapy could decreased nausea and vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy. Lemon aromatherapy is useful to breathe when experiencing morning sickness, for relief, encouraging, refreshing, and improving mood, giving a relaxed feeling, comfortable and quiet. Recommendation for the nurse and other health profession to use lemon aromatherapy as alternative medication of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women.

Kandangmas Village through the PKK mobilization team conducts a household waste treatment program one of which is by processing it into eco-enzymes. The stages of this program start from surveys and program planning, introduction of mentoring through workshops and training, monitoring evaluation, review of service results, and final report of service. The results of the household waste treatment program as many as 40% stated that this program is beneficial and 32% stated that it is quite important to be useful. Eco-enzyme products have an aroma favored by partners and are used for various purposes, in particular for anti-septic agents and plant nutrient additives.

This study aims to determine the effect of the Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving (TAPPS) method on students' mathematical communication abilities. The type of research used is a Quasi-Experimental type (pseudo-experimental) and uses the True Experimental Design research design with the Posttest-Only Controll form. The research was conducted at SMP Ikhlasiyah Palembang with a population of all students of class VII consisting of 2 classes. The sample were taken from all members of all population so that class VII.1 as the experimental class was given treatment, namely the Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving (TAPPS) method and class VII.2 as the control class which was not given treatment, namely the conventional method. Research data was collected through tests. Based on the analysis of the test results, it shows that the students' mathematical communication skills in the experimental class are higher than those in the control class. This means that the class that was treated with the TAPPS method affected students' mathematical communication skills. Statistical calculations obtained from the test results yield tcount = 2.944 and ttable = 2.013, so that tcount > ttable which causes H0 to be rejected and H1 to be accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that there is an influence of the Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving (TAPPS) method on the mathematical communication abilities of class VII students of SMP Ikhlasiyah Palembang.    

A perineal tear is a tear that occurs at the time the baby is born either spontaneously or with a tool or action. The impact of perineal tears can result in continuous bleeding and infection of suture wounds in the birth canal, slow treatment can cause death in postpartum mothers to find out the relationship between the old partus and the baby's birth weight with perineal tears in pregnant women at the Wara Health Center, Palopo City in 2021. This study is a quantitative analytical research with a "cross sectional study" design. The population in this study is maternity mothers in the working area of the Wara Health Center, Palopo City. Sampling in this study uses a total sampling technique. Data collection uses questionnaires. The data that has been collected is then processed and analyzed using a laptop using Microsoft excel programs and statistical programs (SPSS). Data analysis includes univariate analysis by looking for frequency distribution and bivariate analysis with chi square test with significance level (.05). There was a relationship between the old partus and the incidence of perineal tears (p=0.020) and there was a relationship between the baby's birth weight and the incidence of perineal tears (p=0.007). There is a relationship between the old partus and the baby's birth weight with perineal tears in pregnant women at the Wara Health Center, Palopo City in 2021. for midwives in observing childbirth using a partograph is expected to be carried out well and be able to identify quickly and accurately to further increase vigilance in carrying out childbirth help so that perineal tears do not occur.

Anemia is one of the conditions in which the body lacks enough red blood cells or hemoglobin to meet its physiological needs depending on the person's age, gender, age, pregnancy stage and breastfeeding stage because at the breastfeeding stage, the mother is susceptible to experiencing anemia due to iron depletion during breastfeeding and the occurrence of postpartum blood loss. Beetroot (Beta Vulgaris) is a fruit that contains quite high iron and has many nutrients. Beetroot can be used as an alternative to anemia treatment and can also be used as a prevention of anemia. The purpose of this community service activity is to give beets to breastfeeding mothers, namely to increase the knowledge of breastfeeding mothers about the benefits of beets in preventing and treating anemia. The method used in this activity is counseling by means of socialization first then followed by observation using questionnaires and blood sampling for hemoglobin examination. This activity took place at the Posyandu Sukasari Kaler Village, Majalengka Regency on April 14 – 21, 2023. Based on the results of community service activities, we can know that consuming beets for 7 days can prevent anemia and increase hemoglobin levels in breastfeeding mothers.