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This study aims to find out about the position of children who are victims of sexual abuse in view of Victimology. The method used in this study is empirical with qualitative descriptive data analysis that describes and outlines the data and facts of the field. The results of this study show that child abuse is one of the most destructive forms of crime, and often has a long-term impact on victims of abuse. Victimology, in its view as the study of victims of crime, plays an important role in understanding the impact of child abuse, as well as in designing effective treatment and protection approaches.. The protection of children is very important because its violation is a violation of human rights. It can be seen that the position of children towards victims of abuse in the view of victimology provides a better view of victims of crime as a result of human actions that cause mental, physical and social suffering.

The aim of this research is to understand and comprehend the urgency of implementing Artificial Intelligence in service business transactions as well as the application of the Consumer Protection Law in regulating business transactions using Artificial Intelligence. This research was conducted using a type of normative legal research supported by empirical data. In research activities, researchers also use data collection techniques through interviews and documentation. Based on the research that has been carried out, the results show that the implementation of Artificial Intelligence in business transactions provides a number of significant benefits in business. This includes increased operational efficiency, better data analysis, being able to answer messages automatically and the ability to make decisions in a more timely manner. In addition, the application of the Consumer Protection Law in business transactions using Artificial Intelligence is very important to maintain consumer rights and security.

The representation of women in politics has become a much discussed issue along with the development of political access. Various factors are the cause of this, including religious factors. The purpose of this study is to be able to determine and analyze women's political rights in the perspective of Islamic law. This study was conducted using the type of normative legal research with two types of approaches, namely the statutory approach (Statute Approach) and conceptual approach (Conceptual Approach). Based on research that researchers have done, the results obtained that islam recognizes the existence of women's political rights and the importance of the role of women in public life and its impact on political life.

Land grabbing is the act of taking rights or property arbitrarily or without paying attention to laws and regulations, such as occupying someone else's land or house to which they do not have rights. The act of illegally grabbing land is an act that is against the law, which can be classified as a criminal act. In connection with this case, this is the reason for the author to discuss the factors causing the crime of land grabbing in the Tulang Bawang area as well as efforts to overcome the crime of land grabbing. in the Tulang Bawang area. This research uses a normative juridical approach and is supported by an empirical juridical approach. Data collection was carried out using literature studies and field studies by conducting interviews with Tulang Bawang Sector Police officers, perpetrators and lecturers in the criminal law department at Lampung University, then the data was analyzed qualitatively. The results of the research and discussion show that the causes of land grabbing crimes in Tulang Bawang include environmental factors, weak self-control factors, family factors, and economic factors. Apart from that, efforts to overcome group fights are carried out through 2 (two) means, namely penal and non-penal. Penal measures are carried out only up to the point of reporting to the authorities. Meanwhile, non-penal efforts are carried out through mediation.    

Development is a process in which a condition, situation, or entity experiences change or progress from one state to another that is better or more advanced. In a broader context, development can cover various fields, such as economic, technological, social, cultural and political. Development is often associated with positive progress or growth. Development can also refer to a more general process of change, including changes in people's thoughts, views, and values. Development refers to the physical, mental, emotional, and social growth that occurs throughout a person's life cycle. Violations are actions or behavior that violate established rules, laws, norms or codes of ethics. Violation often refers to actions that violate laws or regulations imposed by the government. This can include actions such as theft, violence, fraud, drug abuse, and so on. Violations of the law can impact individuals, groups, or society as a whole and can result in legal consequences, such as incarceration, fines, or other penalties. Violations reflect non-compliance or violation of established standards, and often result in negative impacts, both for the individual who violates and for other people or society as a whole. In Indonesia, there are regulations regarding Human Rights (HAM), which have been implemented in established laws and regulations. In Indonesia, Human Rights (HAM) can be regulated in various laws and regulations such as: 1956 Constitution, articles 18-34 concerning Human Rights (HAM). These articles can guarantee basic rights such as the right to life, freedom, justice, legal protection, religious freedom, and the right to get a job. Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights (HAM). This law is a regulation that specifically regulates human rights in Indonesia. This law states the Indonesian government's commitment to Human Rights (HAM) and establishes the basic principles and mechanisms for protecting Human Rights (HAM). And also, Law Number 26 of 2000 concerning Human Rights Courts (HAM), which regulates law enforcement against human rights violations in Indonesia, including the establishment of a Human Rights Court as a special law enforcement institution that examines and adjudicates cases of violations. HAM. The development and violations of Human Rights (HAM) in Indonesia have a significant impact on society, the government and the country as a whole. The following is the impact, namely the protection and promotion of individual rights, where the development of Human Rights (HAM) has a positive impact by ensuring that individual basic rights are respected and promoted. This includes the right to freedom of opinion, freedom of religion, the right to legal protection, economic, social and cultural rights. This development strengthens democracy and the welfare of society as a whole

Rape is a sexual act committed against a person without consent or without explicit consent. This is a very serious form of sexual violence and violates human rights. Rape can occur in a variety of contexts, including during an intimate relationship, by someone you know, or even by a stranger. This can cause deep physical and emotional trauma to victims, as well as having far-reaching impacts on society as a whole. It is important to take steps to prevent rape and provide support to victims. Rape carried out on women or men usually causes very severe trauma to them. Usually, the person becomes uncomfortable, insecure, and afraid of meeting people. He will feel alone forever, and think about ending himself, because he thinks that he is no longer pure. Usually, rape is committed by someone or several individuals, known or unknown, who deliberately rape the victim. Rape may occur because the perpetrator likes the victim, or because the perpetrator wants revenge on the victim, or there is something else. Women are creatures of God Almighty who are very perfect, because they give birth and breastfeed. In Indonesia, there are still many cases of rape that occur against women and children. The motive may be because the perpetrator likes the victim, or the perpetrator just wants revenge on the victim, or it was planned long ago by the perpetrator. Rape against women or girls is a form of sexual violence that occurs when someone commits a sexual act against a woman without her consent. This may include vaginal, anal, or oral penetration, as well as other sexual acts carried out with violence, threats, coercion, or the woman's inability to provide valid consent. Rape against women is often a form of expression of systematic gender inequality and domination. It is important to remember that rape does not only happen to women, but can also happen to men or individuals of various other gender identities. Nevertheless, rape of women is often in the spotlight due to its high prevalence and serious impact on the well-being of women and society as a whole. Therefore, it is important to continue fighting sexual violence and fighting for gender equality to create a safe and inclusive society for all individuals.

This research aims to analyze the extent of LMKN's authority to act as a legal protection institution for the economic rights of copyright holders and legal protection efforts for copyright violations, especially Mechanical Rights. This research is normative legal research that is prescriptive and applied with a case approach, namely examining one case of copyright infringement by duplicating songs/Musik without permission from the Creator and Owner of Related Rights as stated in the Decision of the Central Jakarta Commercial Court Number: 35 /Pdt.Sus-Copyright/2021/PN.Jkt.Pst. The collection of legal materials was carried out by conducting library studies and research on the legal sources used, namely primary and secondary legal materials. The analysis technique that the author uses is the syllogism method which is deductive, by submitting a major premise and a minor premise that connect each other to create a conclusion. Based on this research, the results obtained show that the LMKN which was created by the Government as a legal protection institution for copyright holders cannot fully become an institution that accommodates the rights of the Copyright Holders themselves. This is due to the limitations of LMKN which only deals with song copyrights of the Performing Rights type, while for Synchronization Rights and Mechanical Rights they must obtain permission directly from the Creator and Owner of the Related Rights. For this reason, in this writing the author includes Decision Number: 35/Pdt.Sus-Hak Copyright/2021/PN.Jkt.Pst. where in this case the resolution efforts that can be taken if a copyright violation occurs will be analyzed.

Marriage involves individual rights such as opinion, privacy non-discrimination. Early marriage is the practice of marriage involving one or both partners who are still young, where both are still under the legal age or generally recognized age of adulthood. Early marriage can be influenced by various factors, namely social, pressures. Family involvement, cultural norms, and gender inequality can also play an important role in the decision to marry early. Early marriage of minors creates legal problems, which involve violations of children's rights and also gender inequality. The age for marriage must be completely mature, which is 19 years for men and 16 years for women. If both of them are still young, or you could say like young onions, their marriage will always be filled with problems. Both of them still have the same high level of egoism, are still children and still only think for a few days. In Indonesia Regulates the second amendment to Law no. 1 of 1974 confirms that the minimum age limit is 19 years, and 16 years for women. A woman is someone who has reproductive organs which are related to the ability to give birth to children. Meanwhile, a man is someone who has reproductive organs that play a role in reproduction itself. In Indonesia, the case of early marriage is still a very serious and vulnerable issue. As reported by the KEMENKO PMK, it was stated that there were around 1.2 million cases of early marriage in Indonesia. The proportion of women aged 20-24 years who were married before the age of 18 was 11.21% of the total number of children. This means that around 1 in 9 women aged 20-24 years were married as children. Meanwhile, around 1 in 100 men aged 20-24 years were married as children. Due to the large number of cases regarding underage marriage, the government's role must be agile and fast in dealing with important cases like this. The government must play a role in preventing how to prevent cases of underage marriage from increasing every year.

Cross-sector land registration is land registration with subsidized assistance for low- income people who work in small and medium enterprises, SMEs, agriculture, fishermen, and fish farmers, in this case financing land rights certification services at the land office. That is how the issue is stated. (1) How Kupang City should go about implementing cross-sector land registration. (2) What are the challenges facing Kupang City in adopting cross-sector land registration? (3) How may cross-sector land registration be implemented in Kupang City? Empirical research is the methodology employed, and data is gathered through a literature review and interviewing 20 respondents. The findings of the study demonstrate (1) Kupang City's cross-sector land registration implementation procedure. Cross-sector land registration is implemented sporadically, making it a cross-sectoral process. sector comes before the gathering of legal data. (2) Obstacles to the implementation of cross-sector land registration in Kupang City include many incomplete documents, absences during the socialization of land title certificates, and problems with the applicant's land. (3) The solution to the obstacles to implementing cross-sector land registration is that the land authorities carry out monitoring and evaluation every week From the onset to the conclusion of the cross-sector implementation, and the community participates more in cross- sector implementation activities. This research has led to the following conclusions: (1) cross-sector land registration implementation Planning, negotiation, team building, gathering legal data, certification, and reporting are the phases of implementation that will take place in Kupang City based on the decision made by the head of the Kupang City Land Office. (2) Barriers to the implementation of cross-sector land registration In Kupang City, obstacles occur internally and externally, internal land parties must build relationships with related agencies and externally there are still many incomplete files, lack of community participation and land problems. (3) How to get around roadblocks in the way of Kupang's cross-sector land registration implementation; how to have officers be more proactive in reaching out to pertinent agencies and supplying information about cross-sector land registration.

Dating violence is an act of violence against a partner who is not yet married, including physical, psychological and sexual violence.  The facts behind the occurrence of cases of violence during the dating period occur due to various causal factors, one of the factors that can cause these acts of violence can be caused by the victims themselves. The impact of violence in courtship is of course that there are parties who suffer both physically and psychologically and are entitled to their rights in the fulfillment and protection of their lives, as well as from psychosocial aspects that greatly affect the psychology and life of individuals and are very influential and reciprocal in the lives of victims, with the fulfillment of victims' rights such as medical treatment, counseling, therapy and rehabilitation, victims can be restored to normal. This study aims to determine the role of victim factors in the occurrence of violence in the dating period, as well as the form of legal protection for victims of dating violence. This research uses empirical legal research methods sourced from data obtained directly in the form of statements and opinions from respondents, namely the perpetrator, the victim, the Office of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection, and the PPA Polresta Kupang Kota. The results showed that the occurrence of violence during the dating period was also caused by the role of the victim, namely the provocation of the victim and the dependence of the victim on the perpetrator, then the results also showed that there was a form of legal protection for victims in the form of providing legal assistance, providing health assistance, spiritual assistance and rehabilitation.

Southeast Asia is a region that is considered to have minimal conflict between countries, but on the other hand, the conflicts that arise tend to come from internal problems. In this case, on February 1 2021 the Myanmar military regime issued a coup statement on the Myanmar government. This of course creates a nightmare in society where the coup is considered to destroy people's daily activities. It didn't just stop there, the coup carried out by the military regime was also noted to have violated a number of human rights. In this case, the researcher seeks to highlight the effectiveness of ASEAN's role as a regional organization in efforts to resolve the coup that occurred in Myanmar through the perspective of the ASEAN Way which is based on the principle of non-intervention. Through qualitative method analysis using literature sources, the author tries to answer to what extent the ASEAN Way norms can resolve the conflict that occurred in Myanmar.

This article discusses the efforts of the Indonesian Financial Audit Agency (BPK) in preventing and eradicating corruption, reviewing the BPK's main role in auditing state financial management to achieve transparency, accountability and integrity in the use of public budgets. The BPK is also involved in eradicating corruption by conducting investigative audits of suspected corruption cases and revealing facts related to the perpetrators, modus operandi and state losses. In carrying out its duties, the BPK must pay attention to the Human Rights (HAM) perspective to ensure that its efforts do not violate individual rights guaranteed by the constitution and statutory regulations. This article explores how the BPK maintains its independence to carry out objective audits and provide recommendations based on valid data. With a deeper understanding of the role of the BPK, it is hoped that this article will increase appreciation of the importance of cooperation between the BPK, government and society in overcoming corruption which undermines development and human rights principles.

According to UNICEF, early marriage is marriage performed on adolescents who are less than 18 years old. Marriages that take place under the age of 18 contravene the rights to education, pleasure, health and freedom of expression. Low knowledge of adolescents about early marriage is a problem for adolescents in the incidence of early marriage. Data from the National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS) in 2020 recorded that 1 in 9 women aged 20-24 years married while still a child and South Kalimantan was ranked first in Indonesia. The purpose of the study was to find out the picture of knowledge of students of SMA Negeri I Halong, Balangan Regency about Early Marriage. The research method used a descriptive survey, with the sampling used was a total sampling of 48 class X and XI students. The results of the study of students of SMA Negeri I Halong who had good knowledge about early marriage were 16 people (33.33%), enough knowledge 26 people (54.16%) and less than 6 people (12.5%). The conclusion of this study is an overview of the level of knowledge of female students of SMA Negeri I Halong about early marriage respondents from 48 moderately knowledgeable.

The purpose of this article is to find out how to change environmental legal policy into environmental law into the Job Creation Law and to find out the appropriate efforts to address changes in environmental legal policy from the environmental protection perspective of the Job Creation Law. The research method presented in this article uses a normative legal approach, namely descriptive analysis. The results of the study in the article show that the concept of environmental law has become a legal policy that activates various instruments that regulate environmental problems in Indonesia, both regulatory and planning instruments. Finally, the aim of environmental legal policy is to ensure the implementation of sustainability in Indonesia from an environmental perspective. Efforts that must be made to address changes in environmental legal policy from the environmental protection perspective of the Job Creation Law are: 1) Simplification of permits; 2) Strict responsibility and 3);Restrictions on environmental rights. These three things cannot be taken lightly, so as not to have the worst impact on the quality of the environment. The Job Creation Law and its derivatives already existed until legal action was taken to revoke them. This is an important consideration where the Government must continue to develop good faith partnerships with the community to implement the Work and its consequential provisions.

The proliferation of imported used clothing trade is due to clothes sold having foreign brands at cheap prices so that people who want to stay fashionable prefer imported used clothes because they are considered more affordable. The Clinical Pathology Laboratory of Muhammadiyah University Surabaya stated that used clothing samples contained mold or yeast fungi, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, Escherichia coli bacteria and HPV (Human Papilloma Virus). This study aims to investigate the regulations regarding the trade of secondhand clothing in Indonesia and explore the legal protection provided for consumers of secondhand clothing in the country. The study employed a normative juridical legal research method, utilizing both the statute approach and conceptual approach. It drew upon legal materials such as Law Number 8 of 1999, Law Number 36 of 2009, Law Number 7 of 2014, and Minister of Trade Regulation No. 18 of 2021. The initial finding of the research was that the importation of secondhand clothing in Indonesia has been prohibited under Minister of Trade Regulation No. 18 of 2021, Article 2, paragraph (3), while local secondhand clothing businesses are permitted based on the Indonesian Business Field Standard Classification (KBLI) with code 47742. Secondly, legal protection for secondhand clothing consumers in Indonesia has been regulated in Law Number 8 of 1999. One of the consumer rights that needs to be fulfilled in consumer protection is the right to compensation for losses suffered by consumers based on Article 4 number 8, Article 7 letter f, and Article 19 paragraph (1).

Criminal Law plays a crucial role in regulating the daily behavior of society, identifying actions that violate ethics and morals, and asserting that such actions can be considered crimes potentially harmful to others as legal subjects. Although assault is generally regulated in the Criminal Code as a violation of bodily integrity, there are differences in interpretation among legal experts regarding the meaning and concept of assault. The use of the judicial system to resolve cases does not always meet the expectations of perpetrators, victims, or the community in achieving justice. The emergence of the concept of Restorative Justice brings a new paradigm to the law enforcement system in Indonesia, aiming to be a holistic solution that considers the rights of both victims and perpetrators. Restorative Justice aims to restore the situation to its state before the criminal act, eliminate negative stigma, and avoid revenge. Thus, it is expected that the perpetrators can honestly admit their actions, take responsibility for their mistakes, and commit to improving themselves to avoid repeating their actions.

This study examines the theoretical basis of the Nebis In Idem principle in civil cases, especially in class actions and how the basis for the Judges' consideration in applying the Nebis In Idem principle in Class Action Decisions, where the method of approach used in this scientific work is normative juridical, namely research that analyzes laws and regulations with literature studies. Using primary source study materials in the form of regulations, while secondary legal materials include books, articles from accredited journals, besides that tertiary legal materials consist of legal dictionaries.  This journal begins with a formulation of the meaning of the application of the Nebis In Idem principle.  Then describes descriptively the relationship between Article 10 of PERMA No. 1 of 2002 concerning Class Action Procedures with Article 1917 of the Civil Code. It can be concluded that the theoretical basis of this principle is solely to provide legal protection for a person's human rights, so that a person is not tried for the same case and prioritizes legal certainty and does not let the government repeatedly talk about the same event.

This study aims to find out about how the efforts to fulfill the right of alimony from children to parents who are entrusted in  nursing home Griya Lansia “Jannati”. The method used in this study is empirical with qualitative descriptive data analysis that describes and outlines the data and facts of the field. The results of this study showed that the effort to fulfill the right of alimony for the elderly in the nursing home Griya Lansia “Jannati” is not optimal, this is because children do not carry out their obligations in fulfilling the rights of alimony that should be obtained by parents who are in the nursing home Griya Lasia “Jannati”. The child fulfills only a small part of the alimony rights that parents should have. For example, children only provide a living when visiting Within 2 months, and children only visit their parents regularly so that parents feel lonely and abandoned.

This research aims to describe the social movement of boycotting Israeli affiliated products and its impact in Padang City, 2017-2023. The research method used is the library study method (library research). This research uses an empathetic approach to study the phenomenon of the social movement of boycotting Israeli-affiliated products in Padang city. The results of this study show that after the British issued the "Balfour Declaration" which included the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine. From then on, Jews arrived in the Palestinian territories in very large numbers, which increased year by year. The arrival of these Jewish immigrants caused conflicts with the Palestinians because the Jewish immigrants wanted to establish a "Jewish state" in Palestine. The resistance of the Palestinian fighters continues to this day, so that the conflict continues, resulting in many casualties, especially Palestinian casualties. Israel is able to survive in Palestine because it is supported by its ally, the United States. The Palestinian-Israeli conflict has gained international attention because of the human rights violations committed by Israel. In the city of Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia, as a form of reaction to the Israeli aggression against Palestine, there was a social movement to boycott Israeli products carried out by the government and various communities such as the Indonesian Youth National Committee (KNPI), Islamic Tarbiyah Association (PERTI) and others. The impact of the boycott social movement is the decrease in the number of consumers of Israeli affiliated product brands, namely Starbucks in the city of Padang, West Sumatra.

The presence of the E Court system in online trials creates legal loopholes regarding violations of the defendant's rights in trials regarding Due Process Law. The court cannot ignore this fact. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out an in-depth study and analysis to ensure that the implementation of electronic trials does not violate important principles needed to maintain justice and the human rights of defendants during the trial process. Formulation of the Problem of this Thesis How to regulate the defendant's consent in the implementation of electronic criminal trials in Indonesia? and What is the electronic criminal trial mechanism that guarantees due process? The research method used by the author is Normative Juridical to study E-Court from the perspective of applicable laws and regulations and legal principles. The results of the research are that the regulation of the defendant's consent in carrying out criminal justice electronically in Indonesia based on Perma 4 of 2020 is an effort to protect the defendant's rights in the criminal justice process. The defendant's consent is necessary to ensure that the defendant understands his or her rights and is not forced to participate in the trial electronically. Perma Number 4 of 2020 regulates several ways to carry out electronic trials, such as defendants attending the trial from the place of detention with or without being accompanied by a Legal Advisor, or defendants who are not detained can attend the trial in the Court's court room or at the Prosecutor's office accompanied or without being accompanied by an Advisor. Law. This defendant consent mechanism must also pay attention to complete and timely notification to the defendant, the defendant's access to necessary technology, the defendant's right to be represented by a lawyer, preservation of trial recordings, and special consideration of personal rights and data security.