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Crop rotation is one of the most effective agricultural and has significant benefits in improving soil fertility, assessing health and disease, and increasing the efficiency of natural resource utilization. Agricultural strategies that have important benefits in improving soil fertility, assessing health and disease, and increasing the efficiency of natural resource utilization. To maximize nutrient utilization and reduce the risk of certain pests associated with a crop, this practice involves reducing the types of crops grown on the same land in the relevant cycle. To maximize nutrient utilization and reduce the risk of certain pests associated with a crop, this practice involves reducing the types of crops grown on the same land in the relevant cycle. In addition, crop rotation helps improve soil structure, increase cation exchange capacity (CEC), and reduce dependence on chemicals and pests. The study employed a library analysis method by reviewing several previous studies on the impact of crop rotation on agricultural productivity and soil ecology. The results showed that crop rotation can increase nitrogen levels in the soil by up to 20%, reduce pesticide use by up to 50%, and increase air use efficiency, especially in areas with limited air supply. In addition, this practice helps create a more stable agricultural ecosystem by increasing biodiversity, such as reducing the number of natural enemies of pests. The findings of this study indicate that crop rotation is a practice that not only increases crop yields but also strengthens the principle of sustainability. With proper maintenance, crop rotation can be an effective solution to reduce land degradation, improve food security, and improve ecological balance in modern food systems. resilience, and improve ecological balance in modern agricultural systems.

One alternative to increase plant growth and improve soil quality sustainably is organic fertilizer. Based on previous studies, this study discusses how organic fertilizer affects plant growth and soil quality. The results of the study indicate that organic fertilizer can increase plant growth by providing nutrients gradually and supporting the activity of soil microorganisms responsible for decomposing organic matter. The use of organic fertilizers has also been shown to improve soil structure, increase water retention capacity, and enrich it. However, there are several obstacles when using organic fertilizers, such as longer decomposition times and inconsistent nutrient levels. Therefore, efforts to optimize the use of organic fertilizers must be carried out continuously to increase their capacity to support sustainable agriculture.  

Organic farming is increasingly being looked at as a solution to improve soil quality and produce sustainable agriculture. This study aims to explore the impact of organic farming on soil quality and yields of wet-rice farming in Nias Islands. Based on existing research, organic farming systems are proven to provide great benefits to soil fertility, including by increasing organic matter content, boosting soil microbial activity, and improving soil structure. The use of techniques such as crop rotation, organic fertilizers and mulching have been shown to improve soil quality, increase its ability to store water and reduce erosion. In addition, more diverse and active soil microbes also contribute to more efficient nutrient cycling, reducing dependence on synthetic fertilizers and helping to control pests naturally. While the initial adoption of organic farming may result in lower yields, research shows that in the long run, yields increase as soil quality improves. Organic farming also offers better resilience to climate change, especially in terms of the soil's ability to retain water and reduce the impact of drought. Thus, organic farming in Nias Islands can not only increase agricultural productivity, but also support environmental sustainability. Therefore, the application of organic farming is the right choice to improve food security and preserve nature in Nias Islands

Using organic fertilizer can increase soil fertility, which is crucial for plant growth. Another organic material source that may be utilized as fertilizer is water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). The chemical makeup of water hyacinth was examined in this study, and the results indicated that its organic matter content was 78.47%, its organic carbon content was 21.23%, its total nitrogen content was 0.28%, its total phosphorus content was 0.0011%, and its total potassium content was 0.016%. It has been demonstrated that applying water hyacinth-based liquid organic fertilizer to corn (Zea mays) plants actually affects crop output. Utilizing water hyacinth not only improves soil fertility but also lessens pollutants in the environment caused by overgrowth in waterways. Water hyacinth can therefore be utilized as a sustainable and eco-friendly organic fertilizer option.

This research is about the influence of biochar, a carbon-rich material from biomass pyrolysis, on soil quality in a sustainable agricultural system. Biochar plays an important role in increasing soil organic content, improving soil structure, increasing crop productivity, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Research results show that biochar application can increase air and nutrient retention, improve soil biological activity, and reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers. In addition, biochar contributes to climate change mitigation through carbon storage and reduces dependence on chemical fertilizers. Thus, biochar has great potential as an innovative solution to support productive and environmentally friendly agriculture. Biochar also helps to create a more productive and environmentally friendly farming system, making it relevant as an innovative solution in supporting agriculture.

Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is a high-value horticultural commodity, but its productivity is often hampered by factors such as soil conditions, climate, pests and disease. The use of plastic mulch, especially the black-silver type, can increase chili yields by 25–40% through weed control, maintaining soil temperature, and reducing evaporation. Although initial costs are relatively high, significant yield increases can offset those costs. However, the resulting plastic waste is an environmental problem, so biodegradable mulch can be a more environmentally friendly alternative. This research uses a literature review method to collect and evaluate information from various relevant sources regarding the application of plastic mulch in increasing chili productivity. With proper management, plastic mulch can support increased chili yields and agricultural sustainability.

The increasing population triggers a demand for land for housing and other activities. Along with this, issues arise regarding the limited availability of land, especially in rapidly developed areas. This limitation has the potential to create an imbalance between the growing need for space and the existing land capacity. This study evaluates the land carrying capacity in four sub-districts in the southern part of Medan City, namely Medan Tuntungan, Medan Johor, Medan Amplas, and Medan Denai, in dealing with the continuously growing population. Using a spatial analysis approach with ArcGIS 10.8 software and detailed spatial data, this research identifies potential areas for residential development and projects the capacity of land to accommodate future populations. The analysis covers physical and environmental aspects such as land slope, soil type, natural disaster risks, and access to public facilities. The results show that each sub-district has different potentials and challenges. Medan Tuntungan, with its large area and flat land conditions, shows significant potential for residential development, although attention must be given to the existence of protected areas and agricultural land that must be preserved. Medan Johor, as an economic center, faces substantial pressure on land use, with some areas nearing their maximum capacity. Medan Amplas and Medan Denai, which are more urban, experience stricter land limitations. Population growth projections indicate a significant increase in land demand in some sub-districts in the coming decades. Without effective management, this has the potential to exert high pressure on the environment and urban infrastructure. This research emphasizes the importance of spatial planning and sustainable development policies to maintain a balance between housing needs and environmental conservation.

Soil microorganisms have an important role in improving soil health and supporting sustainable organic agriculture. They contribute to the decomposition of organic matter, management of nutrient cycles, control of pathogens, and improvement of soil structure. This research explores the role of microorganisms, such as bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi, and actinobacteria, in supporting soil fertility by increasing the availability of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for plants, as well as improving soil quality by increasing water retention capacity and reducing erosion. These microorganisms also act as biocontrol agents that inhibit pathogens, thereby reducing the need for chemical pesticides. However, managing soil microorganisms faces major challenges due to environmentally unfriendly agricultural practices, such as the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. This research emphasizes the importance of implementing sustainable agricultural principles to conserve soil microorganisms and maintain the health of the soil ecosystem as a whole. This study aims to provide insight into the role of soil microorganisms in increasing organic agricultural yields and recommend more effective and environmentally friendly management. These findings are expected to support the development of more productive and sustainable organic agriculture.  

Fruit cultivation plays a crucial role in the agricultural economy, where seed quality significantly impacts productivity. Watering and fertilizing fruit plant seedlings are key aspects of ensuring healthy growth. To meet the demands of modern agriculture, an automated solution has been developed utilizing messaging application-based technology, such as Telegram. This device enables remote control of watering and fertilizing processes via the Telegram bot feature, ensuring precision and convenience. Advantages include time efficiency, optimal fertilization, and precise watering, supported by light sensors and soil moisture sensors to enhance the process. Experimental results show that this technology successfully addresses challenges related to irregular watering and fertilization. Consequently, this automated system has the potential to enhance productivity and efficiency in fruit cultivation.

Tomato (lycopersicum esculentum Mill) are a source of vitamins and minerals and have health benefits such as maintaining heart health. The denabd for tomatoes in indonesia continues to increase so it is necessary to take action to increase production by utilizing Fungi Mycorrhizal Arbuscular and manure. FMA is a fungus associated with plants where FMA binds nutrients in the soil. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of gungus mycorrhizal arbuscular and manure. This research was carried out in july – september 2023 in Siderejo village, Langsa Lama District, Langsa City. The research used a 2 factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 3 replications. The first factor is the FMA dose, namely: F0 : 0 gr/plot, F1 : 20 gr/plot, F2 : 40 gr/plot, F3 : 60 gr/plot. The second factor is the dose of fertilizer P1 : 2,08 kg/plot, P2 : 5,6 kg/plot, P3 : 8,4 kg/plot. Date were analyzed using variance (F test) at the 5% and 1% levels. If the treatment has a real effect, continue with the BNJ test at the 5% level.

Organic fertilizers contain organic materials such as compost, manure, or other organic waste materials. When organic fertilizers are applied to the soil, they provide an abundant source of nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as essential micronutrients. The community service activity program aims to empower farmers with the knowledge and skills to make organic fertilizers from local materials, which not only lower production costs but also improve soil quality and crop yields. The community service activity with the theme "Assistance and Making Organic Fertilizers in Reducing Fertilizer Costs for Farmers in Rowo Gempol Village, Lekok District, Pasuruan Regency" Through the Participatory Action Research method which includes preparation, processing, application, and evaluation, this program has succeeded in improving soil quality and supporting plant growth in the campus green area. Organic fertilizers, produced from campus organic waste such as dry leaves and food scraps, increase soil nutrient content and plant health, and reduce the negative impacts of synthetic chemicals. This activity also involves students in the process of processing and applying fertilizers, providing practical experience and raising awareness of the importance of sustainable agriculture and environmental management. The evaluation results showed a significant positive impact on soil quality and plant growth, with more fertile soil and healthier plants. In addition to the ecological benefits, the program plays an important educational role, by increasing students' understanding of environmentally friendly practices and organic farming skills. The success of this model is expected to be replicated in other villages. so that the benefits of this program can be felt more widely and support the creation of more sustainable agriculture.

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the duration of young coconut water soaking and different growing media on the viability of Arabica coffee seeds after mechanical scarification, as well as to identify the interaction between these two factors. This research was conducted over a period of three months, from July to September 2023, at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Samudra University, Langsa City. The study was designed using a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern, consisting of two factors: (1) the duration of soaking in young coconut water, which included 4 levels: L0 = Control, L1 = 3 hours, L2 = 6 hours, and L3 = 9 hours; and (2) growing media, which included 3 levels: M1 = Soil: manure, M2 = Soil: manure: rice husk, and M3 = Soil: manure: cocopeat. The parameters observed in this study were maximum growth potential, germination rate, seedling height, root length, seedling fresh weight, and seedling dry weight. The results showed that the duration of soaking in young coconut water did not have any significant effect on all observed parameters. However, different growing media had a highly significant effect on maximum growth potential, germination rate, seedling height, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of the Arabica coffee seedlings. The M1 treatment gave the best results for maximum growth potential, germination rate, seedling fresh weight, and seedling dry weight, while the M3 treatment provided the best results for seedling height and root length of Arabica coffee seeds. There was no interaction between the duration of young coconut water soaking and different growing media on all parameters of Arabica coffee seed viability.  

One of the solutions for waste sustainability is the production of compositions of the highest quality from agriculture. Thermophilic microorganisms play an important role in accelerating the decomposition process and improving composition quality. The purpose of this article is to assess the potential of thermophilic microorganisms from Nias Island agricultural waste in compositional manufacturing based on existing literature. This research examines the role of thermophilic microorganisms such as Bacillus, Thermus, and Actinobacteria species in the decomposition of organic matter. This article also discusses microbiological strategies to improve soil health, thermophilic microorganisms in the composting process, the potential of agricultural waste on Nias Island.

Chicken manure, produced by both broiler and laying hens, has a large capacity as an organic fertilizer. Its composition varies, depending on several factors, such as the ration given, the physiological nature of the chicken, and the condition of the cage, involving temperature and humidity. As a source of organic material, chicken manure has an important effect on the physical and chemical properties of the soil and plant growth. This manure is rich in nutrients and organic matter, with a relatively low water content. Chicken manure is a product produced by chickens as part of their digestive process, which also includes urine and other food waste. This manure plays an important role as a fertilizer, because it is rich in elements that support soil fertility, replacing nutrients that have been absorbed by plants. Manure, which comes from the manure of livestock such as chickens, horses, goats, sheep, and cows, has various benefits. In addition to adding nutrients to plants, manure also improves soil structure, increases humus and organic matter in the soil, and supports the growth of microorganisms in it.

EcoCleanzyme Wash is an innovative dishwashing liquid based on ecoenzyme, a liquid derived from the fermentation of organic waste such as fruit peels, vegetable scraps, brown sugar, and water. This product offers an environmentally friendly solution for household needs while addressing the challenges of suboptimal organic waste management. The three- month ecoenzyme fermentation process produces a liquid rich in natural enzymes with antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticidal properties, capable of breaking down harmful organic compounds. EcoCleanzyme Wash provides a safer alternative compared to conventional dishwashing liquids, which often contain harmful chemicals that can pollute water and soil. This product not only effectively cleans utensils but also supports the concept of sustainability by utilizing household organic waste. Additionally, EcoCleanzyme Wash helps reduce environmental pollution, often caused by improperly managed household waste. In Indonesia, organic waste constitutes the largest portion of household waste, which, if left unmanaged, can contaminate water, soil, and air, leading to various health issues such as diarrhea and skin infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms. The use of ecoenzyme in EcoCleanzyme Wash represents a tangible step toward promoting the concepts of reuse and sustainable waste management, aligned with government regulations on waste handling. This product also contributes to reducing negative impacts on ecosystems and raising public awareness about the importance of managing organic waste. This research aims to provide a detailed guide on the production process of ecoenzyme-based dishwashing liquid, covering the utilization of organic raw materials, fermentation steps, and product formulation. It is expected that the findings of this research can serve as a reference for the development of other environmentally friendly products and encourage innovation in household waste management. EcoCleanzyme Wash is a progressive step in creating a product that not only fulfills household needs but also positively impacts the environment.

The current reliance on chemical fertilizers has caused many problems in agricultural practices, such as the decline in soil quality and crop resistance to environmental stress. Farmers are encouraged to use chemical fertilizers, due to the lack of efficiency of nutrient absorption in plants which results in a lack of productivity of agricultural products. This research aims to review in depth the role of Mycorrhizal fungi in increasing the efficiency of nutrient uptake by plants. The research method used is the literature review method to explore more deeply the role of mycorrhizal fungi in increasing the efficiency of plant nutrient uptake. The results stated that mycorrhizal fungi have great potential as microorganism partners in increasing plant nutrient uptake. With its ability to expand the root absorption area, and enhance plant growth, improve soil structure and reduce pollution, mycorrhiza can contribute significantly to agricultural sustainability.

Corn (Zea mays) is a widely cultivated crop in Gorontalo and has high economic value as well as an important role in food security. Fertilization is one of the key factors that influence the productivity of corn plants. This research aims to determine the combination of NPK fertilizer doses granulated with Biochar-Chitosan in enhancing the growth and productivity of corn plants, as well as its impact on the quality of total N soil content. The study was conducted by planting corn, applying fertilizer, and observing its growth through measurements of plant height, leaf length, stem diameter, cob weight with husk, and cob weight without husk. The observational data were then analyzed descriptively, summarizing or classifying the data set to provide an overview of the data. Additionally, the analysis of soil N-total content was conducted before and after the application of fertilizers. The research results show that the combination of NPK-Biochar fertilizer doses has a significant impact on the growth and productivity of corn plants. The 7.5-gram NPK-Biochar fertilizer dose yielded the best results in increasing plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and cob weight with and without husks compared to other doses. Soil chemical property analysis also indicates that the application of NPK-Biochar fertilizer has a positive impact on the quality of the soil's total nitrogen content.

Crop productivity is one of the key components in supporting the sustainability of the agricultural sector and global food security. However, challenges such as soil degradation, dependence on chemical fertilizers, and climate change necessitate more innovative and environmentally friendly approaches. Soil microorganisms play a significant role in improving crop productivity through biological mechanisms such as nitrogen fixation, organic matter decomposition, mycorrhizal symbiosis, and the production of bioactive compounds that protect plants from pathogens and abiotic stress. Microbiology-based biotechnology approaches, such as the use of biofertilizers and biopesticides, offer environmentally friendly solutions to address modern agricultural problems. This research aims to review the role of microorganisms in improving crop productivity, focusing on the application of microbiology-based biotechnology. The research method used is a literature study or meta-analysis of relevant literature and research in the last 10 years. The results of the discussion show that microorganisms such as Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Trichoderma, and mycorrhiza have a major contribution in improving soil fertility, crop yields, and plant resistance to environmental stress.

Soil microorganisms play an important role in increasing nutrient availability for maize plants through the processes of nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and humic acid production. These processes not only increase maize productivity but also reduce dependence on synthetic chemical fertilizers, thus supporting agricultural sustainability. This study explores the benefits of microorganisms such as Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Pseudomonas, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in enhancing nutrient uptake, protecting plants from environmental stress, and improving soil quality. Challenges in the application of microorganism technology include adaptation to diverse environmental conditions and low farmer adoption. However, advances in genomic technology and biotechnology open up opportunities to optimize the benefits of soil microorganisms. The implementation of this microorganism-based technology has the potential to support efficient, environmentally friendly and sustainable maize farming.

Global food demand continues to increase, but over-farming without considering environmental sustainability has led to land degradation. This can result in decreased crop yields. However, this problem can be solved by applying environmentally friendly farming methods using beneficial microbiomes that can improve soil health and increase crop productivity. This research aims to explore the role of the soil microbiome in enhancing crop productivity and crop resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses and supporting soil health, which enables the use of eco-agricultural approaches to solve these problems. This research utilizes the literature review technique, which involves analyzing, summarizing, evaluating and synthesizing documents from various references. This method aims to improve our understanding of how microorganisms promote plant growth in degraded soils. The results show that soil microbes improve soil quality and control plant diseases. Crop production on marginal lands can be sustainably increased with the use of the microbiome. In addition, the microbiome helps sustainable agriculture by reducing our dependence on synthetic chemicals, reducing environmental pollution and supporting food security worldwide, and supporting food security worldwide.