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This study aims to analyze the contribution of the life insurance sector to economic growth and financial system stability in Indonesia during the period from 2013 to 2022. Using a quantitative approach and linear regression method, the study finds a positive and statistically significant relationship between life insurance premiums and real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth. Additionally, the life insurance sector acts as a long-term funding provider that supports financial market stability through investments in financial instruments such as government bonds. These findings indicate that the life insurance industry not only offers financial protection for individuals but also serves as a key pillar of economic development and financial system resilience. The study recommends enhancing insurance inclusion, financial literacy, and strengthening regulation and corporate governance in life insurance companies to fully leverage their potential contribution to Indonesia’s economy

Penelitian ini membahas transformasi morfologi Desa Sesua, Kabupaten Malinau, Kalimantan Utara, sejak masa awal pembentukannya pada tahun 1932 hingga tahun 2024. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi literatur, dokumentasi visual, dan wawancara dengan masyarakat lokal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa morfologi desa mengalami tiga fase utama: fase pembentukan dengan hunian rumah panjang komunal, fase transisi yang ditandai pergeseran ke rumah-rumah pribadi, serta fase perkembangan di mana permukiman menyebar mengikuti pembangunan infrastruktur jalan. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan meliputi nilai budaya Dayak Bulusu, kebijakan pemerintah, pertumbuhan penduduk, dan pembangunan akses jalan menuju kebun serta jalur utama desa. Studi ini menegaskan bahwa perubahan bentuk fisik desa tidak menghapus nilai-nilai budaya lokal, melainkan menunjukkan adaptasi masyarakat terhadap dinamika sosial, ekonomi, dan kebijakan. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar bagi perencanaan permukiman yang sensitif terhadap konteks lokal dan berkelanjutan.

Tempe is a fermented soybean product widely known in Indonesia and various countries, with Rhizopus oligosporus fungus as the main microorganism involved in the fermentation process. This study aims to observe the growth of Rhizopus oligosporus fungus isolated from tempeh using the dilution method and grown on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. The research process began with taking tempeh samples which were then subjected to serial dilutions. Next, the diluted samples were inoculated into PDA media and incubated at 37°C to facilitate fungal growth. Observations were made periodically to monitor the development of fungal colonies and the morphology formed. In the observation, it was found that Rhizopus oligosporus fungal colonies growing on PDA media were grayish-white with a distinctive filamentous hyphal structure. This indicates that PDA media strongly supports the growth of the fungus. In addition, the dilution method used in this study proved effective in separating fungal colonies, thus facilitating the morphological identification of each colony. The serial dilution method is very important in isolating microorganisms present in tempeh samples. By separating the fungal colonies from each other, researchers can observe the development of each colony more clearly and accurately. The results of this study indicate that PDA media is very suitable for supporting the growth of Rhizopus oligosporus and that the serial dilution method is an effective way to isolate this fungus from tempeh. In conclusion, this study proves that serial dilution followed by inoculation on PDA media is an effective method in observing and isolating Rhizopus oligosporus from tempeh. PDA media is able to support optimal fungal growth and allows for clear observation of the colonies and their morphology.

The low level of public awareness regarding hand hygiene has become a contributing factor to the spread of infectious diseases transmitted through contact. This condition has sparked innovation in the development of hand sanitizer products made from natural ingredients, which are not only effective in killing germs but also safe and environmentally friendly. One promising natural ingredient is pineapple peel (Ananas comosus L.), which is generally considered organic waste. Pineapple peel contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and the enzyme bromelain, all of which possess antibacterial properties. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of pineapple peel extract against the growth of Escherichia coli and assess its feasibility as an active ingredient in spray hand sanitizer formulations. The research method involved preparing spray hand sanitizer with varying concentrations of pineapple peel extract: 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%. Antibacterial activity was tested using the disk diffusion method to measure the inhibition zone against E. coli. Additional evaluations included physical quality tests such as pH, spreadability, homogeneity, organoleptic properties, skin irritation test, storage stability, and consumer preference. The results showed that the 90% concentration formulation had the highest antibacterial effectiveness, with an inhibition zone of 22 mm. This formulation was also the most preferred by respondents due to its strong and fresh aroma, appealing color, and pleasant texture on the skin. All formulations had pH values within the safe range (5.5–7), did not cause skin irritation, and demonstrated stability during storage. In conclusion, pineapple peel extract is effective as a natural active ingredient in spray hand sanitizer formulations. This product not only exhibits strong antibacterial activity against E. coli but is also safe, stable, and presents an environmentally friendly alternative to support improved public hand hygiene.

Cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmannii) is known to contain antibacterial active compounds such as cinnamaldehyde and eugenol. However, as a natural material collected from open environments, it can become a habitat for various microorganisms, including bacteria. This study aimed to isolate and observe bacterial growth found on cinnamon bark originating from Kerinci. Samples were collected from a local market and processed using serial dilution, then cultured on Nutrient Agar (NA) and incubated for 24–48 hours at room temperature. The results revealed the growth of bacterial colonies with diverse morphological characteristics, such as round shape, smooth edges, and cream to cloudy white colors. Gram staining indicated the presence of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Preliminary biochemical tests showed both catalase-positive and catalase-negative isolates. These findings suggest that despite the antibacterial properties of cinnamon bark, certain microorganisms are capable of surviving. The detected bacteria are likely to be either endophytic or environmental contaminants that have adapted. These results provide an initial insight into the local microbial diversity and open opportunities for further exploration of bacteria with biotechnological potential, while also supporting post-harvest quality control of spice products.

This study aims to determine the effect of asset structure, sales growth, and firm size on capital structure at PT Martina Berto Tbk during the period 2014–2023. The data used in this research is secondary data, namely the financial statements of PT Martina Berto Tbk over the past ten years, obtained from the company's official website (www.martinaberto.co.id), in the form of balance sheets and income statements. The analytical methods used include classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing, conducted using SPSS version 20. The results show that asset structure, sales growth, and firm size each have a significant partial effect on capital structure. Furthermore, asset structure, sales growth, and firm size simultaneously have a significant effect on the capital structure of PT Martina Berto Tbk..

This study explores the philosophical and theological implications of John Dewey's pedagogical thought, particularly his emphasis on reflective practice and experiential learning, within the context of Contemporary Christian Religious Education (PAK). Despite its potential to foster active, student-centered learning, a significant gap exists in deeply examining how Dewey's principles align with or challenge PAK's theological aim of faith formation. This qualitative library research, employing Miles and Huberman's data analysis model, addresses this gap by synthesizing Dewey's pedagogical concepts with the Christian theology of spiritual growth, particularly informed by 1 Corinthians 3:6, which posits that God gives the increase. The findings reveal that Dewey's experiential learning framework can profoundly enrich PAK by shifting the teacher's role from a primary knowledge dispenser to a facilitator who guides students in applying biblical truths to real-life experiences. This approach encourages holistic development encompassing cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. However, the implementation necessitates a robust theological filter, maintaining that biblical truth is final and acknowledging God's sovereignty in true spiritual growth. The study concludes that while Dewey's pedagogy provides practical strategies for student engagement and character development, its successful integration into PAK hinges on a clear understanding of its theological boundaries, ensuring that pedagogical flexibility is balanced with doctrinal integrity. This research offers a theoretical foundation for transformative PAK practices, aiming to cultivate knowledgeable Christian students with deep and active faith.

This study aims to analyze the effect of monetary policy on economic growth in Indonesia. Monetary policy is an important instrument in maintaining macroeconomic stability and supporting growth, through regulating interest rates, money supply, minimum reserve requirements, and open market operations. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach by analyzing the role of each monetary indicator and its impact on the real sector. The results of the study indicate that effectively implemented monetary policy is able to stabilize inflation, regulate banking liquidity, maintain the stability of the rupiah exchange rate, and support sustainable economic growth. In addition, the implementation of a dual monetary system in Indonesia provides additional flexibility in monetary management. This study also emphasizes the importance of harmonious coordination between monetary and fiscal policies in order to create optimal synergy in achieving national economic goals.    

The growth of the Islamic economy in Indonesia requires financing instruments that are not only in line with Islamic principles but also capable of driving the real sector productively. Istisna' contracts, which involve the sale of goods by order, offer a promising solution for financing construction projects, manufacturing, and micro-businesses. This study aims to explore the definition, role, and implementation of istisna' contracts in supporting the growth of the Islamic economy. Using a descriptive qualitative method based on literature review and normative-economic approaches, the study finds that istisna' contracts can enhance productivity, create employment opportunities, and support sustainable economic development. However, their implementation still faces challenges such as limited public understanding, financing risks, and a lack of education for business actors. Therefore, efforts to optimize the use of istisna' in Islamic financial institutions are essential

This study aims to determine the effect of profitability (X1) and sales growth (X2) on earnings management (Y) with financial distress (Z) as a mediating variable. The population in this study are property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2020-2023. The sampling technique for this study used purposive sampling so that a total of 92 data could be processed. The data analysis technique in this study uses path analysis using SPSS software version 25. The results showed that profitability has a negative effect on earnings management and sales growth has a positive effect on earnings management. Profitability has a positive effect on financial distress, while sales growth has no effect on financial distress. Financial distress has a positive effect on earnings management. The results of the mediating variable test using path analysis show that financial distress is able to mediate the effect of profitability on earnings management, while financial distress is unable to mediate the effect of sales growth on earnings management.

This study aims to analyze the influence of capital structure, profitability, and sales growth on firm value in the consumer non-cyclicals sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2018–2023 period. A quantitative research method was employed. The sample consisted of 62 companies selected through purposive sampling, based on the criterion of consistently publishing annual financial reports throughout the study period. The data analysis technique used was panel data regression with the aid of EViews software. The results indicate that capital structure, as measured by the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), has a positive effect on firm value. Profitability, measured by Return on Equity (ROE), has a negative effect on firm value. Sales growth has no significant effect on firm value. Additionally, firm size as a control variable does not affect firm value.

Menurut WHO World Health Organization usia bayi pada bebrapa bulan pertama kehidupanya yakni 1 sampai 6 bulan merupakan tahap yang sangat penting bagi bayi, karena pada usia ini bayi memerlukan pijat bayi dalam memenuhi tingkat pertumbuhan dan perkembangan secara optimal, Pijat bayi disebut sebagai Stimulasi Touch atau terapi sentuhan tertua dan terpopuler yang dikenal manusia sejak berabad-abad. Di indonesia tahun 2017 tercatat jumlah anak melakukan pijat bayi sebanyak 300 ribu bayi sedangkan di sumatera utara sebanyak 10,179 bayi. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan data primer, bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan ibu tentang pijat bayi berdasarkan umur, pendidikan, pekerjaan, sumber informasi di Klinik Irma Suskila Medan dimana semua populasi dijadikan sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 30 responden dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa pengetahuan responden tentang pijat bayi di Klinik Irma Suskila Medan Periode Juni-Juli 2022 mayoritas paling paling banyak tingkat pengetahuan cukup sebanyak 15 orang (50). Berdasarkan umur mayoritas 20-35 tahun sebanyak 21 orang (70%). Berdasarkan pekerjaan mayoritas tidak bekerja sebanyak 16 orang (53,33%). Berdasarkan sumber informasi mayoritas tenaga kesehatan sebanyak 16 orang (53,33%). Dari hasil penelitian disarankan bagi petugas kesehatan khususnya bagi bidan agar dapat memberikan penyuluhan bagi ibu yang memiliki bayi untuk melaksanakan pijat bayi, yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan dan manfaat bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bagi khususnya tentang pijat bayi bagi ibu.

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women, after cervical cancer. To date, breast cancer treatment still faces various challenges, particularly in terms of effectiveness and therapy-related side effects. Therefore, alternative treatments that are safer and more effective are needed, one of which is through the use of natural ingredients such as soursop leaves (Annona muricata). This review article aims to examine the potential of soursop leaf extract in slowing the growth of breast cancer cells. Several studies have shown that soursop leaf extract contains active compounds such as acetogenin, which are known to inhibit cancer cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and block the formation of new blood vessels (anti-angiogenesis) in cancer tissues. These bioactive compounds make soursop leaves a promising candidate for natural anticancer agents. Thus, soursop leaf extract may be considered as a complementary therapy in the management of breast cancer.

Odot grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) is widely recognized as a high-yielding and nutrient-rich forage crop, making it suitable for feeding ruminant animals. This study investigates how varying levels of weed density affect the growth performance and fresh forage yield of odot grass. The experimental design employed was a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four weed density treatments (0%, 35%, 70%, and 100%) and six replications for each treatment. Growth indicators measured included plant height, number of tillers, stem thickness, and total fresh biomass production. The results showed that weed density significantly influenced all measured parameters (p < 0.05). The absence of weeds yielded the highest forage production (19.32 tons per hectare), whereas full weed coverage (100%) led to a substantial reduction in yield by 15.53%. A strong inverse correlation was observed between weed density and forage yield, with a correlation coefficient of r = –0.97. These findings suggest that higher weed densities substantially hinder both the vegetative growth and biomass output of odot grass. Nevertheless, a moderate weed presence (35%) did not cause a statistically significant decrease in productivity, indicating a potential threshold for acceptable weed competition.

Bisnis adalah kegiatan ekonomi yang dilakukan untuk menghasilkan, membeli, atau menjual barang atau jasa dengan tujuan mendapatkan keuntungan. Bisnis dapat dilakukan oleh individu, kelompok, perusahaan besar, atau usaha kecil. Di suatu dunia bisnis, yang dimaksud dengan sistem informasi manajemen adalah piranti yang dipakai untuk mengatasi suatu proses, operasional, evaluasi, serta teknologi dan informasi. Usaha  bisnis  yang  bergerak  dalam  bidang  makanan  ringan  snack dijalankan  dengan  modal usaha  berskala  kecil  ialah  pelaku  bisnis  berskala  rumah  tangga  yang  mempunyai  kesempatan sangat  bagus  untuk  berkembang  dengan  pesat  dengan  keterbatasan  yang dimiliki  seperti  SDM, skill,  pengetahuan,  ketrampilan,  dan  pengelolaan  bidang  managementyang  seadanya Penelitian ini dilakukan di Teha Coffee Corner, sebuah kedai kopi yang berlokasi di Jl. Imam Bonjol, Tebing Kisaran, Kec. Kota Kisaran Barat, Kabupaten Asahan, Sumatera Utara 21211. Kedai ini didirikan pada Maret 2021 oleh Thierry Henry, tepat di tengah masa pandemi COVID-19. Supply Chain Management (SCM) adalah pengintegrasian sumber bisnis yang kompeten dalam penyaluran barang, mencakup perencanaan dan pengelolaan aktivitas pengadaan dan logistik serta informasi terkait mulai dari tempat bahan baku sampai tempat konsumsi, termasuk koordinasi dan kolaborasi dengan jaringan mitra usaha (pemasok, manufaktur, retailer, distributor, pergudangan, transportasi dan konsumen) untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggan. Sebuah model rantai pasokan sederhana terdiri dari empat komponen yaitu supplier, produsen, gudang atau pusat distribusi dan pengguna akhir. Seiring dengan pertumbuhan bisnisnya, Teha Coffee Corner mulai menghadapi berbagai tantangan, terutama dalam pengelolaan stok bahan baku dan pencatatan transaksi. Saat ini, pencatatan masih dilakukan secara manual, baik dalam menghitung jumlah stok maupun dalam mencatat transaksi harian. Setiap akhir operasional atau saat closing, Dengan adopsi sistem E-SCM, aliran informasi dan data pembelian antara Teha Coffee Corner dan pemasok menjadi lebih efisien. Ini menghasilkan kejelasan dan ketepatan dalam transaksi pembelian, yang berkontribusi pada menghindari kesalahan dan mengurangi risiko keterlambatan dalam pengiriman toko.

Orthosiphon aristatus is a medicinal plant that has the potential as a natural antibacterial agent. This study aims to evaluate the effect of cat's whiskers leaf extract on microbial growth using Nutrient Agar (NA) media with variations in extract concentrations of 100 gr, 50 gr, and 25 gr. Antibacterial activity tests were carried out using the well diffusion paper disk method, and observations of microbial growth inhibition zones were carried out after incubation for 24 hours at 37°C. The test results showed that there was inhibition of microbial growth that varied according to the concentration of the extract used; a concentration of 100 gr gave the largest inhibition zone compared to 50 gr and 25 gr. Data analysis showed that increasing extract concentration was directly proportional to increasing antibacterial effectiveness. These findings indicate that Orthosiphon aristatus leaf extract has the potential as a natural antibacterial that is effective in inhibiting microbial growth in NA media, so it has the potential to be developed as an active ingredient in pharmaceutical formulations.

The purpose of the study is to determine the position of financial ratios in forming profit growth in chemical sub-sector companies during 2019-2023 listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research approach uses secondary data types in the form of financial and annual reports. The findings of the partial research results Current Ratio and Total Assets Turnover does not affect profit growth, on the other hand the Debt To Equity Ratio and Net Profit Margin successfully influenced profit growth positively.  

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) at various concentrations on the growth of cocoa seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.). The research was conducted at PTPN I Regional 5, Kendenglembu Plantation, Banyuwangi, for four months using a Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with five treatments: P0 (control), P1 (10 mL/L), P2 (20 mL/L), P3 (30 mL/L), and P4 (40 mL/L). Growth parameters observed included plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves up to 12 Weeks After Planting (WAP). ANOVA analysis showed no statistically significant effect of the treatments on any parameter. However, descriptive data indicated that concentrations of 20–30 mL/L tended to produce better growth: P2 (31.25 cm) had the highest plant height, P3 (6.93 mm) the highest stem diameter, and P1 (12 leaves) the most leaves. Chitosan potentially acts as a plant growth stimulator by increasing nitrogen availability and enhancing physiological processes such as photosynthesis. In contrast, a high concentration (40 mL/L) exhibited inhibitory effects. Although the differences were not statistically significant, concentrations of 20–30 mL/L could be recommended for practical application. The lack of significant results may be attributed to suboptimal concentrations, application frequency, or environmental conditions. Further studies are recommended to modify treatments and assess additional parameters such as biomass, root development, and leaf area to better understand the efficacy of chitosan fertilizer in cocoa seedling growth.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between financial performance, green accounting, and capital structure. The research covered 72 food and drink producers that were listed on the BEI in the years 2019–2022. Twenty businesses were chosen through a purposeful sampling process. Multiple linear regression analysis of secondary data is performed in SPSS 26. According to research, green accounting helps companies improve their financial performance by financing large environmental costs. Financial performance is impacted by capital structure, which in turn increases profits and debt levels. Revenue growth, however, has no bearing on bottom-line results

The development of the MSME sector plays an important role in driving national economic growth. Marketing and utilization of QRIS technology are factors that can increase business development, especially amidst tight competition and low adoption of digital payment systems. This study aims to determine the effect of marketing and utilization of QRIS technology on the development of the MSME sector. The research method used is quantitative with a population of MSMEs in the culinary sector in 15A Iringmulyo Metro Timur. The sample consisted of 50 respondents, determined through the Slovin formula with the Simple Random Sampling technique. The results of the study showed that partially, marketing has a positive and significant effect on the development of the MSME sector, the utilization of QRIS technology has a positive and significant effect on the development of the MSME sector. Simultaneously, both variables have a positive and significant effect on the development of the MSME sector. These findings indicate that optimizing marketing strategies and utilizing digital payment systems are important factors in supporting the sustainability and growth of micro, small, and medium enterprises in the area.