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Slum upgrading is a strategic step in improving the quality of life of urban communities, where its success is largely determined by the active involvement of local residents. This study aims to analyze the level of community involvement in the implementation of slum upgrading in Mantuil Village, South Banjarmasin District. Using a descriptive quantitative approach, data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 98 respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted descriptively to measure the level of participation in four stages of the activity. The results show that community involvement is in the good category, but has an uneven distribution. The highest average scores were found in the utilization stage (30.44) and maintenance stages (30.23), indicating that community participation is driven by the principle of direct benefit from the infrastructure being built. Conversely, participation in the planning and implementation stages tends to be lower due to structural barriers such as time constraints and respondents' economic burdens. These findings confirm that sustainable settlement upgrading requires synergy between community social capital and government policies that are adaptive to the geographic characteristics of the region, particularly related to tidal flooding vulnerability in riverbank areas.

This research examines the influence of the Webtoon platform on the creativits and literary marketing of Gen – Z in Indonesia, with a focus on the increasingly common trasition of digital content to physical books. The research background is grounded in the rapid growth of Webtoon as a platform for illustrated stories accessed by millions of young users via mobile devices, enabling affordable creative expression, but often encountering adaptation challenges to print formats due to differences in distribution and monetization. The primary objective is to analyze how Webtoon shapes the creative processes of young writers and their literary marketing strategies. The research method is qualitative, involving in-depth analysis of 10 popular Webtoons on the Webtoon platform that have been adapted into physical books, with emphasis on narrative elements, visuals, community interactions, and marketing patterns. Findings reveal that Webtoon fosters creativity through collaboration features and instant feedback, resulting in more dynamic original stories, while the transition to physical books enhances market visibility by 20-30% via digital promotion, although hindered by copyright complexities and production costs. The implications of this research underscore the importance of collaboration between traditional publishers and Webtoon to establish a hybrid literary ecosystem that sustainably supports Generation Z talent.

The Fréchet distribution is one of the commonly used Extreme Value Distributions (EVDs) in statistical modeling and heavy-tailed data analysis, where it plays an important role in describing product lifetimes as well as climatic and financial phenomena. The estimation of its two parameters, namely the shape parameter and the scale parameter, is traditionally based on the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method. However, maximizing the likelihood function for this distribution involves numerical difficulties, which necessitates the use of numerical optimization methods. In this study, we propose the use of the Aquila Optimizer (AO), a recent metaheuristic algorithm inspired by the hunting behavior of eagles, as an efficient numerical tool for maximizing the likelihood function of the Fréchet distribution. The objective function was formulated as the negative log-likelihood function (-LogL), and the Aquila Optimizer was employed to obtain the optimal estimates of the distribution parameters. Several simulation experiments with different sample sizes were conducted to compare the performance of the proposed method with a conventional approach represented by the Nelder–Mead method, using the Mean Squared Error (MSE) criterion. The simulation results demonstrated that the Aquila Optimizer outperformed the Nelder–Mead algorithm in many cases, although the superiority was slight. The results also showed that both algorithms were consistent, as their MSE values decreased with increasing sample size. In addition, a practical application was carried out using real data, and the results of the survival function estimation indicated a good fit.

This study aims to analyze the effect of promotion and price on the purchase decision of IM3 SIM cards among the people of Maumere City. The study uses a quantitative method with a causal associative approach. Data was obtained through the distribution of questionnaires to respondents who use IM3 SIM cards, with a Likert scale instrument. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression. The results of the study indicate that partially, promotion has a significant effect on purchase decisions, as does price, which is also proven to have a significant effect. Simultaneously, promotion and price have a significant effect on purchase decisions, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.986. This means that 98.6% of the variation in purchase decisions is influenced by promotion and price, while the remaining 1.4% is influenced by other factors outside this study. These findings indicate that appropriate promotional strategies and proper pricing play an important role in enhancing consumer purchase decisions. The research results are expected to provide input for companies, particularly telecommunications service providers, to develop more effective marketing strategies.

This study aims to analyze how human development governance is implemented by the Government of South Sulawesi Province in reducing regional disparities, identify institutional factors influencing implementation quality, and examine its implications for human development outcomes. The study employs a qualitative approach using a case study design. Data were collected through interviews with key informants from the Regional Development Planning Agency (Bappeda) and relevant Regional Apparatus Organizations, analysis of regional planning documents such as RPJMD and RKPD, and statistical data from the Central Bureau of Statistics related to the Human Development Index (HDI), poverty, and employment. Data were analyzed thematically using triangulation to ensure validity of findings. The results show that the Human Development Index has been positioned as a key performance indicator in regional development planning documents and prioritized in education and health sector policies. Although overall HDI achievement in South Sulawesi is categorized as high, significant disparities remain across regencies and municipalities, particularly in education and standard of living. A poverty rate of 8.06 percent and the increasing trend of the Gini Ratio indicate that distribution of welfare has not been fully equitable. Furthermore, the dominance of the informal sector in the employment structure reflects challenges related to job quality, income stability, and limited social protection coverage. These findings suggest that the main challenge of human development in South Sulawesi lies not only in improving aggregate indicators but also in strengthening bureaucratic capacity, cross-sectoral coordination, and policy implementation consistency to ensure more inclusive and equitable development across regions.

Public service is a key indicator in evaluating local government performance; however, various service issues continue to generate increasing public complaints. This study aims to analyze trends in public complaints, identify the most frequently reported institutions, and examine the types of maladministration and the status of complaint resolution through the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia in South Sulawesi Province during 2023–2025. This study offers novelty by providing an integrated analysis of complaint trends, distribution of reported institutions, types of maladministration, and resolution outcomes based on Ombudsman data at the regional level. This research employs a qualitative approach using document analysis, with public complaint reports as the unit of analysis. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that local governments are the most frequently reported institutions (55.1%), with dominant maladministration types including procedural deviations and prolonged delays. Several complaints were proven to involve maladministration and were resolved through the Ombudsman’s supervisory mechanism. These findings highlight that public complaints serve as an important instrument in enhancing accountability and transparency in public service delivery. Therefore, local governments need to strengthen service standards, improve the capacity of public officials, and develop more effective complaint management systems.

The Low Voltage Main Distribution Panel (LVMDP) is a critical component in industrial power distribution systems, functioning to regulate, control, and distribute electrical energy to various production equipment. During operation, LVMDP panels often operate under high electrical loads, which may lead to temperature increases in their components. Undetected temperature rise can result in performance degradation, equipment failure, and even fire hazards. Therefore, an effective monitoring method is required to detect the condition of electrical components at an early stage. This study aims to analyze the temperature difference (ΔT) of LVMDP components using the Infrared Thermography method as part of predictive maintenance. The research employs a quantitative descriptive approach with data collected through direct observation from July 1 to July 31 at PT. Dongjin Indonesia. The data consist of hotspot and ambient temperatures measured from several panel components, which are then analyzed to calculate the temperature difference (ΔT) as an indicator of component operating conditions. The results indicate that the highest temperature difference is 26.5 °C in the capacitor bank, while the lowest is 4 °C in other components. All ΔT values are below the threshold limit of 50 °C, indicating that the LVMDP components are in safe operating conditions and do not require corrective actions. Thus, Infrared Thermography is proven to be an effective method for early detection of component conditions and can enhance the reliability and safety of industrial power distribution systems.

The economy of a country, including Indonesia, is a system that encompasses all production, distribution, and consumption activities occurring within the country. In the economy, problems often arise that can affect the welfare of society. The problem formulation in this study is: How is the regulation and supervision of both internal and external banks carried out to prevent customer personal data leakage in credit agreements? And how is the responsibility of BPR Karya Sari Sedana towards the leakage of customer debtor data? The research method used is empirical legal research. The conclusion in the study is the protection of customer data against personal data leakage by understanding the forms of supervision from both internal and external parties conducted by the banking institution and referring to the OJK regulations that have been established, in order to minimize the recurrence of similar incidents and allow the public to conduct transactions safely without worrying about their personal data. Leaked by irresponsible individuals. The responsibility carried out by the banking sector currently, namely the Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 22 of 2023 concerning Consumer and Community Protection in the Financial Services Sector, also regulates consumer protection in the financial services industry. Forms in policies related to regulations in the banking world ensure that the public does not worry about their personal data.

This study aims to analyze the employee turnover rate experienced by CV Premium Indonesia employees through the influence of workload and job stress. As a company engaged in the retail and distribution of mobile phone accessories from leading brands, the desire to leave the company often arises due to high workload and feelings of work stress because of the many demands within the company. The methodology used in this study is quantitative, employing SEM model data analysis with the help of SmartPLS software. The sampling technique used is saturated sampling, with a total sample of 127 respondents. The results of this study indicate that high levels of workload can increase employee turnover rates. Meanwhile, high levels of job stress experienced by employees can also increase employee turnover rates. These findings suggest that CV Premium Indonesia should address the issues of workload and job stress in order to retain employees. Effective strategies such as work-life balance, stress management programs, and workload adjustments could help reduce employee turnover and improve overall organizational performance.

This study analyzes the application of good governance principles in the context of Islamic financial service management at Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT) Islam Berdaya Mandiri Kaitakan. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, collecting data through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and analysis of internal documents. The results of the study show that the five principles of good governance transparency, accountability, responsibility, independence, and fairness have been adequately implemented, albeit with varying degrees of depth. Transparency is realized through routine financial reporting at the Annual Member Meeting, although access to daily information is still limited. Accountability is maintained through internal and external oversight mechanisms from the Cooperative Office, although independent external audits have not been carried out routinely. The institution's responsibility is reflected in its sharia compliance, which is supervised by the Sharia Supervisory Board, and the accuracy of its financial reporting. Independence is realized through a deliberative decision-making process, while fairness is applied in the form of non-discriminatory services and the distribution of financing based on field verification. The findings reveal that the main challenges lie in the digitization of information systems and limited resources for external audits. Overall, the implementation of good governance at BMT has created a governance foundation that is in line with sharia principles and modern public administration values, with room for improvement mainly in the optimization of information technology and institutional capacity building.

Attention mechanisms have been widely incorporated into recurrent neural network architectures for financial time series forecasting, with most prior work reporting improvements in price-level error metrics. This study revisits that claim through a controlled empirical comparison of four deep learning architectures on nearly two decades of Telkom Indonesia (TLKM) closing price data from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The models evaluated are a three-layer Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) baseline, a comparable Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network, a Bahdanau end-attention GRU (Attn-GRU-V2), and a multi-head self-attention GRU hybrid (Attn-GRU-V3). Each architecture is trained over 30 independent runs with distinct random seeds, and performance is reported as 95% confidence intervals derived from the t-distribution. Statistical comparisons employ the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, a nonparametric paired test appropriate given the confirmed non-normality of residuals. The main finding is a consistent trade-off: the plain GRU achieves the lowest RMSE (94.02 ± 1.22 IDR) across all 30 runs, while Attn-GRU-V2 achieves the highest directional accuracy (45.91 ± 0.09%), surpassing GRU in every independent run. Bahdanau attention weights are nearly uniform across the 30-day lookback window (coefficient of variation: 3.21%), indicating that the mechanism cannot identify selectively informative timesteps in this univariate price series. This finding is consistent with the weak-form Efficient Market Hypothesis for the Indonesian market. An ablation study reveals that a 20-day lookback window maximizes directional accuracy (47.72 ± 0.21%) for the Attn-GRU-V2 model. These results suggest that Bahdanau end-attention consistently and significantly improves directional accuracy relative to a plain GRU baseline, providing an architecturally attributable advantage for direction-based applications, even when absolute price-level error is not reduced. The directional accuracy values remaining below 50% across all models are consistent with a weak-form efficiency characterization of the Indonesian market.

The research conducted this time aims to analyze both directive and expressive speech acts in the drama script 'Ayahku Pulang' by Usmar Ismail. The background factor of this research is to investigate the relationship between the dialogues of the characters in the drama script and the concepts of directive speech acts and expressive speech acts in the process of social interaction. The purpose of this research is to significantly contribute to the field of pragmatics and speech acts, to find out the frequency of the existence of directive and expressive speech acts in the drama script, and to provide references and new data analysis in pragmatics. The research was conducted by referring to a qualitative descriptive approach and a theoretical approach using a pragmatic approach. The data collection process was conducted using the listening and note-taking methods, and subsequent data analysis employed the distribution method. Based on the analysis carried out, data were obtained for 28 directive speech acts and 31 expressive speech acts, which will then be classified in more detail according to their types. It is hoped that this research will be beneficial both from a scientific and societal perspective, enriching the literature on pragmatic studies, helping to improve public understanding of speech acts, and raising awareness of the importance of analyzing drama scripts as a representation of everyday social interactions in society.

Language serves as the most effective means of communication in everyday life, including within the context of early childhood education. One of the linguistic fields that examines language use is pragmatics, and one of its key focuses is directive speech acts, which function to guide interlocutors in performing specific actions. This study aims to describe the forms of directive speech acts found on the YouTube platform Kinderflix, which features educational videos for early childhood learners. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method, with data collected through observation and note-taking techniques, and analyzed using the distributional method. The findings reveal three types of directive speech acts, namely questions, commands, and requests. The results contribute to enriching the study of pragmatics, particularly in the area of directive speech acts. Furthermore, this research is expected to serve as a reference for content creators to pay closer attention to linguistic aspects in producing educational materials for early childhood. It is also hoped that this study can be further developed and serve as a useful foundation for future research.

This study aims to describe the forms and types of presuppositions found in two short stories published on the website ruangsastra.com, namely “Minum Teh Sebelum Mati” (“Drinking Tea Before Dying”) and “Pendongeng Keliling dan Tangisan Peluru” (“The Traveling Storyteller and the Cry of Bullets”). This research employs a descriptive qualitative method with an objective and pragmatic approach. Data were collected using the observation and note-taking method, then analyzed using distributional and referential analysis techniques. The results of the study show that a total of 32 presuppositions were identified and classified into six types, theory: existential, factive, structural, non-factive, lexical, and counterfactual presuppositions. Among these types, existential presuppositions were the most frequently found in the texts, while counterfactual presuppositions were the least common. These findings indicate that the use of presuppositions in short stories serves not only as a linguistic feature but also as an essential tool in constructing meaning and understanding narrative context. This research is expected to make a significant contribution to the development of pragmatic studies, particularly in the analysis of modern literary works, as well as to open new perspectives in understanding the interaction between language, meaning, and context in literary texts. The implications of this study may also serve as a foundation for further research on other pragmatic aspects in broader and more diverse literary works.

The customary forest of Sub-Tribe Afsya, Bariat Village, South Sorong Regency, Southwest Papua is a lowland tropical rainforest of approximately 2,500 hectares managed under the indigenous "Sasi Adat" system. This study aimed to determine bird species diversity, evenness of distribution, and the relationship between bird communities and vegetation structure. Research was conducted in January 2026 using a combination of line transect and point count methods along five 1,000-meter transects, observed in the morning (06:00–10:00 WIT) and afternoon (15:30–18:00 WIT). Data were analyzed using the Shannon–Wiener Diversity Index (H’), Simpson's Dominance Index (D), Evenness Index (E), and vegetation Important Value Index (IVI). The study recorded 30 bird species from 16 families with 492 individuals, including 12 Papua-endemic species protected under Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P.106/2018. H’ values ranged from 1.197 to 2.472 (moderate to high); dominance was low to moderate; and evenness ranged from 0.668 to 0.933, with most transects showing high evenness (E > 0.75). Vegetation was dominated by damar trees (Agathis labillardierei) and fruiting trees synergistically supporting frugivore, insectivore, and nectarivore bird guilds. The Sasi Adat management system demonstrably contributes to habitat quality, rendering this forest of significant conservation value for Southwest Papua's avifauna.

This study investigates collaborative governance in road infrastructure repair in Pekanbaru City, Riau Province, driven by the urgent need to address the high number of damaged roads and the limitations of local government capabilities. Utilizing a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, data were gathered from interviews with five stakeholders, field observations, and supporting documents. The study applies collaborative governance theory by Emerson and Nabatchi to analyze road repair efforts in Pekanbaru, highlighting effective collaborative dynamics. Key findings reveal the establishment of a Coordination Team, role clarity, trust, and commitment among stakeholders as factors of success. Essential contributing elements include shared cooperation needs, consequential incentives, leadership support, and sufficient resources. However, challenges such as a volatile political climate, unequal information distribution, and power imbalances pose barriers to collaboration. Overall, the study concludes that collaborative governance in Pekanbaru's road infrastructure enhancement has yielded positive outcomes but calls for improvements in transparency, communication strategies, and the establishment of an integrated information system for effective progress monitoring. Additionally, independent oversight mechanisms are recommended to sustain equitable role distribution and responsibilities among all parties involved.

This study aims to analyze the workload of sewing operators within a single production line and to equalize the workload using the line balancing method at PT. Pan Brothers. The garment industry requires high production efficiency; therefore, balanced workload distribution among operators is necessary to ensure optimal production processes. This research used an observational approach with data collection through direct observation of the sewing process, literature study, and documentation of production data. The research population consisted of 36 operators on the observed production line, analyzed through time study activities. The analyzed data included cycle time, takt time, and work processes at each workstation. The results showed that several processes had cycle times exceeding the takt time, specifically in processes number 2, 5, 6, 12, 17, 23, and 26, which caused bottlenecks and workload imbalance among operators. The calculation results indicated that the actual process time reached 520 seconds per product, while the ideal time based on takt time was 287 seconds per product, resulting in a time difference of 233 seconds or about 44% longer than the standard time. The implementation of the line balancing method was carried out by redistributing work elements from processes with high workloads to processes with remaining work capacity. The improvement results showed that the workload among operators became more balanced, the production process became more efficient, and the potential for bottlenecks could be minimized, enabling the company to achieve its production targets.

This study aims to analyze the level of environmental friendliness of gillnet fishing gear operated by fishermen in Pangandaran Regency. Sustainable management of fishery resources is crucial in this region, given the high biodiversity and the pressure from environmentally damaging fishing activities. The methods used in this study include field observations, interviews, and the distribution of questionnaires to 30 respondents. Data analysis was conducted by scoring based on the nine criteria for environmentally friendly fishing gear established by the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF) 1995. These nine criteria include gear selectivity, impact on habitat, fisherman safety, catch quality, consumer safety, impact on biodiversity, protection of endangered species, and social acceptance. The results showed that gillnet fishing gear in Pangandaran Regency obtained an average score of 28.3. Based on the CCRF assessment categories, this value places gillnets in the environmentally friendly category. Nevertheless, the selectivity aspect remains the lowest-scoring factor as the gear still catches more than three species with varying sizes. On the other hand, this fishing gear proved to be safe for habitats, poses no danger to fishermen, produces safe products for consumers, and is well-received socially by the local community.

Copyright is an exclusive right granted to creators to protect their intellectual works. The importance of copyright protection has increased with advances in digital technology and the widespread use of social media as a means of content distribution. Digital platforms such as YouTube, Instagram, TikTok, and various other streaming services facilitate the distribution of digital works, but also give rise to problems such as piracy and the use of works without the permission of the copyright owner. This digital piracy can result in economic and moral losses for creators. This study aims to analyze the application of copyright in the context of social media and examine the legal regulations governing copyright protection to address digital piracy in Indonesia. The method used in this study is a normative legal research method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results show that legal protection for digital works is regulated by Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright and is strengthened by Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. These two regulations provide a legal basis for protecting the moral and economic rights of creators and authorize the government to block access to content that infringes copyright. These regulations are expected to reduce digital piracy and create a digital ecosystem that respects intellectual property rights.

This community service activity aims to improve the effectiveness of clean water distribution management through the implementation of a Water Level Control (WLC) system as an automatic control for water pumps and three-phase motors at a regional drinking water supply company in Lamongan. The methods employed include field observation, problem identification, system design and implementation, as well as periodic evaluation of system performance. The activity focuses on the water treatment unit by conducting control and monitoring of operational parameters such as frequency (Hz), pump pressure, and flow stability to ensure optimal water distribution according to consumer needs. The results indicate that the implementation of the WLC system enhances operational efficiency, minimizes human error, and supports more structured and sustainable equipment maintenance. In addition, this activity contributes to improving the knowledge and technical skills of personnel in operating, monitoring, and maintaining automated control systems. In managing automation-based technology in a professional and independent manner, human resource capacity is strengthened, while the quality of clean water services is also improved through this community service program.