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This community service program aims to increase awareness and involvement of residents in land reforestation efforts as part of environmental conservation efforts. This activity focuses on planting crops owned by the Women Farmers Group in Pageragung Village. Through participatory methods, KWT members together with students explore the land, select appropriate types of seeds, and plant and maintain plants. In addition to ecological benefits, the harvest of vegetables provides additional sources of income for the local community. This activity also succeeded in raising awareness of the importance of environmental conservation among the community. The findings of this program highlight the effectiveness of a community-based approach in implementing land reforestation and provide a basis for similar initiatives in the future.

The advancement of digital technology has revolutionized marketing from traditional methods to online approaches. Digital marketing, leveraging digital media and the internet, including e-commerce and social media, has become a crucial element in promoting products and services. According to Kotler and Keller (2023), digital marketing not only boosts sales but also strengthens brand identity and fosters customer relationships. In Indonesia, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), which significantly contribute to the local economy, can utilize digital marketing to expand their market reach and improve efficiency. This study was conducted in Ngampel Kulon Village, Kendal Regency, Central Java, focusing on MSME operators and aspiring entrepreneurs who have not fully utilized digital platforms such as WhatsApp Business. The research method involved observation, economic potential identification, and training using a Participatory Rural Approach. The training covered four main components: an introduction to digital marketing basics, copywriting techniques, digital marketing strategies, and hands-on practice with guidance. Results showed that 34 local residents and 15 KKN students exhibited high enthusiasm and successfully applied promotional strategies through social media. The evaluation indicated an improvement in knowledge and skills in using WhatsApp Business for product marketing. The conclusion is that the training successfully enhanced MSMEs' understanding and skills in digital marketing, including digital content creation and social media utilization. The program also emphasizes the need for policy makers' involvement in planning and managing local product marketing to compete globally and adapt to ongoing technological trends.

The objective of this community service activity is to enhance the knowledge of residents in Menur Pumpungan Village, Surabaya, regarding business financing, financial management, and business legality. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMES) play a crucial role in the national economy. However, challenges faced by MSMEs, such as limited capital, low financial literacy, and legal issues, often hinder business growth and sustainability. Many MSMES do not yet have a Business Identification Number (NIB) for their operations, and some are even unaware of what an NIB is and its benefits. The methods used include socialization, training, and mentoring. The results of this activity show that 81% of residents understand how to improve the management and legality of their businesses to enhance their market value. The community in Menur Pumpungan Village is able to conduct field surveys to assess conditions and gather data and information related to business issues after consulting with the socialization team. The socialization and mentoring team provided appropriate solutions to partners. However, during the evaluation, 19% of residents/business owners still do not understand the KUR program, and some believe that access to KUR is difficult due to its complex procedures.

Land scarcity in urban areas encourages people to look for efficient alternatives to plant cultivation. Hydroponics, as a soil-free cultivation technique, offers a potential solution. This activity aims to carry out socialization and training on hydroponics to improve knowledge and skills in independent plant cultivation that can support household food security in urban communities. The method used was socialization and hands-on practice of making simple hydroponic systems. The results of the socialization and training showed a significant increase in participants' knowledge of the principles of hydroponics.  The evaluation percentage is 78% of residents of Nginden Jangkungan sub-district, Sukolilo sub-district, Surabaya city are able to independently apply the Hydroponic system in the yard of each house and can take economic benefits from farming through the hydroponic system, but in the application of this hydroponic system requires high production costs, so that people pay more attention to the use of input allocations used to get more added value. Hydroponics is one of the sustainable agricultural efforts in urban environments that have limited land with the introduction of hydroponic systems, socialization, and application practices in urban areas that have been implemented.

This article explores a sustainable education program in mustard green cultivation implemented through collaboration between local residents and UNIWARA KKN (Community Service Program) students in Kelurahan Karanganyar. The program aims to enhance the knowledge and skills of local residents in sustainable mustard green cultivation techniques, including the use of appropriate growing media, efficient irrigation techniques, and the management of pests and plant diseases without harmful chemicals. The method used in this study is **Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR)**: working together with local residents and engaging in hands-on field practice to apply proper cultivation techniques. The research shows that this educational program not only successfully improves local residents' knowledge and skills in mustard green cultivation but also strengthens the relationship between the community and academics. Active community participation in this program results in significant positive impacts, including a reduction in the use of synthetic chemicals, increased crop yields, and more environmentally friendly agriculture

This study aimed to know the prediction of rice sales for Employee Cooperatives Republic of Indonesia Bina Warga Benjeng in the following month. Rice sales are often difficult to predict market demand. When consumer demand increases, rice supplies sometimes suffer from shortages. If consumer demand decreases, stock builds too much and results in a decrease in rice quality. In order for the rice sales process to run smoothly, it is necessary to have a sales prediction so that there are no excesses or shortage in rice supplies. The method of discussion used to predict in this study using the Single Moving Average method which is a prediction method that uses new actual data requests to raise the predictive value of the next month’s demand. The best results were using the Single Moving Average methods using rice sales data variant 25 kg variant were successfully implemented with an RMSE value of 9.3% which means this prediction accuracy of 90.7% accurate.

This study aims to thoroughly explore the role of medical check-ups in maintaining the basic physical health of the residents of Sarirogo Village, with a particular focus on the prevention of non-communicable diseases, which have been on the rise in the area. The background of this research is based on the fact that there is a high prevalence of non-communicable diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, that often go undetected in their early stages. This is primarily due to a lack of public awareness about the importance of regular health checkups, as well as limited access to adequate healthcare services. As a result, delayed diagnoses exacerbate the overall health conditions within the community. This study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method to analyze sources from relevant scientific journals. These sources serve as the theoretical foundation to understand the relationship between the frequency of medical check-ups and the prevention of chronic disease progression. The findings of this study highlight the significant role that medical check-ups play in the early detection of various potentially life-threatening health conditions, thereby preventing the development of more serious illnesses. Based on these findings, this research emphasizes the urgent need to enhance the accessibility of regular medical check-up services for the residents of Sarirogo Village, alongside the necessity to raise collective awareness about the benefits of routine health screenings.

This research aims to analyze the rights and obligations of citizens in the era of globalization with a focus on PGSD students at PGRI Adi Buana University (UNIPA) Surabaya. The era of globalization has brought significant changes in various aspects of life, including citizenship. Students as prospective educators have an important role in understanding and implementing their rights and obligations as good citizens. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques through interviews, dokumentasi and literature study. The research results show that PGSD UNIPA Surabaya students have a good understanding of their rights and obligations, such as the right to education, freedom of opinion, and the obligation to pay taxes and respect the law. However, challenges in facing the era of globalization, such as the influence of foreign culture and technological advances, require adjustments and strengthening of citizenship education. This research concludes that increasing students' awareness and knowledge about the rights and obligations of citizens is very necessary to face the dynamics of globalization wisely.

Peningkatan angka penyelenggaraan perkawinan anak, khususnya pada pedesaan merupakan salah satu dasar utama melakukan pengabdian masyarakat, dalam hal ini dengan bentuk sosialisasi dan edukasi terkait dampak perkawinan anak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang turun langsung ke lapangan untuk secara aktif melakukan sosialisasi dan edukasi dengan warga dan perangkat desa Kelurahan Wonopolo, Kecamatan Mijen, Kota Semarang sebagai upaya preventif peningkatan perkawinan anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, Perguruan tinggi melakukan pengabdian kepada masyarakat, termasuk menyediakan sosialisasi dan penyuluhan untuk mencegah pernikahan anak. Perkawinan anak dianggap melanggar hak anak dan merupakan bentuk kekerasan terhadap anak. Praktik ini sering kali disebabkan oleh kemiskinan, ketidaksetaraan gender, dan ketidakadilan sosial. Dampaknya sangat signifikan, dengan sebagian besar partisipan penelitian harus putus sekolah dan menghadapi kekerasan fisik dan psikologis. Di Indonesia, faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan pernikahan anak antara lain kondisi ekonomi, rendahnya tingkat pendidikan, keinginan pribadi, pergaulan bebas, dan tradisi adat. Pada daerah pedesaan, pernikahan anak masih sering dianggap wajar, terutama jika didukung oleh adat istiadat atau budaya. Kurangnya akses terhadap pendidikan dan informasi tentang kesehatan reproduksi juga menjadi faktor utama, serta masalah ekonomi dan perasaan malu akan pandangan dan stigma dari lingkungan sekitar.

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan judul "Peningkatan Literasi Digital dalam Penggunaan Google Forms pada Warga Kelurahan Pasarbatang Brebes" bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan digital warga dalam memanfaatkan teknologi informasi, khususnya aplikasi Google Forms. Kegiatan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurangnya literasi digital di kalangan warga, yang mengakibatkan minimnya pemanfaatan teknologi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Program ini melibatkan serangkaian pelatihan praktis yang dirancang untuk memperkenalkan dasar-dasar penggunaan Google Forms, mulai dari pembuatan akun, pembuatan formulir, hingga analisis data yang diperoleh melalui formulir tersebut. Metode yang digunakan meliputi ceramah, demonstrasi, dan praktik langsung yang dipandu oleh tim pengabdian. Hasil dari kegiatan ini menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam pemahaman dan keterampilan warga dalam menggunakan Google Forms untuk berbagai keperluan, seperti survei, pendaftaran acara, dan pengumpulan data. Program ini berhasil meningkatkan literasi digital warga Kelurahan Pasarbatang Brebes, sehingga diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi positif dalam peningkatan kualitas hidup dan efisiensi kerja masyarakat setempat.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the causal factors and efforts to overcome the criminal act of persecution by members of the TNI which resulted in the death of civilians in the jurisdiction of Military Court III-15 Kupang. Empirical juridical research is legal research on the enactment or implementation of normative legal provisions in every legal event that occurs in society. The results of this study show: (1) there are several factors that cause the persecution committed by members of the TNI which resulted in the death of civilians, namely the motive factor of the perpetrator, economic factors, and law enforcement factors. (2).The countermeasures taken consist of: Preemtiv efforts, Preventive efforts and Repressive Efforts. In accordance with the results of this study, it is hoped that we can appreciate the existence of the existing rule of law so that when an event occurs that relates to the rule of law, then we do not have to take the law into our own hands which will harm ourselves and others.

Indonesia adalah negara demokratis yang mempunyai hak kebebasan berpendapat bagi warga negaranya. Salah satu wujud dari demokrasi tersebut adalah pelaksanaan pemilihan umum (Pemilu). Tujuan utama pemilihan umum (pemilu) adalah memberikan kesempatan kepada masyarakat untuk memilih pemimpin yang akan mewakili mereka dalam pemerintahan. Pengabdian masyarakat ini berupa sosialisasi pemilu untuk meningkatkan partisipasi pemilih pemula. kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode workshop dimulai dengan menyampaikan materi dari pengertian demokrasi, pemilu, pemilih pemula sampai peserta diajak untuk praktek cek DPT secara online di https://cekdptonline.kpu.go.id/  melalui HP masing-masing peserta. Dari acara sosialisasi ini tim mengajak peserta untuk menjadi pemilih pemula yang cerdas dengan indikator sebagai berikut : 1). Memastikan terdaftar sebagai pemilih, 2). Mengetahui kapan pelaksanaan pemungutan suara, 3). Mengetahui caleg yang berkompetisi serta rekam jejak mereka, 4). Mengetahui tata cara mengunakan hak suara dengan benar. Kegiatan ini menunjukan adanya peningkatan pemahaman peserta sosialisasi 30% sesebelum mengikuti sosialisasi pemahamanya tentang pemilu cuma 45% dan sesudah mengikuti sosilalisasi menjadi 75 %. Sehingga terjadi peningkatan pemahaman peserta sosialisasi pemilu di SMKN Nglegok dan MA Syeh Subakir.

Dhuafa families are a group of families or communities with weaknesses in the economic sector so they must be helped. This group struggles hard every day against the poverty that plagues their lives and suffers increasingly severe economic impacts due to the high prices of basic commodities to meet their basic needs. Based on the analysis result, Ms. Citra, a resident of Sawangan Depok, is one of the poor groups who must be given attention and assistance. This service activity in the form of empowerment aims to improve the skills of poor families so that they can take better advantage of business opportunities through Takoyaki Business Development. By improving these skills, it is hoped that they can improve their economy by the problems they face and provide the support needed so that poor families can be financially independent and run businesses sustainably. This service method is carried out in several stages, starting with observing the condition of poor families, planning a program for empowering poor families, conducting a fundraising program, providing business capital assistance, and coaching poor families. This community service program show that empowerment activities help the poor family of Mrs. Citra, a resident of Sawangan Depok. Through the development of the Takoyaki business, this poor family seeks to improve the economy of Mrs. Citra's family.

Durian Village is a village located in Janapria District, Central Lombok Regency. Currently, there is an internet network available in Durian Village, but the speed and quality of the internet network in several places is not good. The condition of infrastructure in Durian Village is still very poor, especially internet access is still very limited, while communication needs are increasing. The aim of this community service program is to install a WiFi-based internet network to improve communication access for residents and the use of information and communication technology (ICT) for the people of Durian Village, Janapria District. Internet installation begins with preparing the device and planning the location of the device so that the signal coverage can be wider. Installation of internet network infrastructure where needed and wider coverage for residents. The implementation of the internet installation was also assisted by STMIK Lombok students. After installing the internet network, the internet network signal area is tested. Internet network testing is carried out by testing signal strength and internet speed which is found to be sufficient to meet internet access standards for communication access and running streaming media applications.  

This study reviews the obligations and rights of citizens in the context of democracy which is based on popular sovereignty and the principle of deliberation to reach consensus. Democracy based on popular sovereignty places citizens as the highest authority in the state. Citizenship obligations include active participation in the political process, respect for the law, and positive contributions to the development of society. Meanwhile, citizens' rights include the right to freedom of opinion, the right to vote and be elected in general elections, as well as the right to receive fair and proportional legal protection. The importance of deliberation to reach consensus is also emphasized as a method for resolving differences of opinion in democratic life. This study highlights the active role of citizens in maintaining and developing an inclusive and just democracy.  

Harmonizing the obligations and rights of the state with citizens in Indonesian democracy is important to achieve a harmonious balance between rights and obligations. The obligations and rights of citizens are regulated in the 1945 Constitution and other statutory regulations. In a democracy, citizens have rights and obligations that must be carried out responsibly. Citizens’ obligations include involvement in the democratic process, self-development and service to the country. Citizens’ rights include human rights and the rights guaranteed in the 1945 Constitution. Harmonization of citizens’ obligations and rights can be achieved through character education and citizens’ awareness of their rights and obligations.  

The constitution in a country, including Indonesia, is the source and basis making rules that have main principles, such as the rights and obligations of citizens. Human rigidity is the basis inherent in men as a gift from God, while the rights and obligations of citizens are a gift from the state. These are both concepts included in the second amendment to the 1945 Constitution, and cannot even be separated from each other because the two have a close relationship. The rights and obligations of citizens are an essential requirement of state legal democracy and must be implemented by people or citizens. Therefore, conceptual and strategic steps are needed so that the life of the nation and state becomes correct and fair under the auspices of the laws of a democratic country.

This journal discusses a review of previous research on the income tax payments for citizens traveling abroad. This payment is in the form of prepayment of income tax and can be accessed by individuals who are more than 21 years old with appropriate income. The main focus of this study is to analyze the prevailing tax regulations in Indonesia and international tax treaties. This journal is a literacy that aims to understand the procedures for tax payment, payment exemptions, and management of income tax administration for domestic individual taxpayers who will travel abroad.

Migration has been a significant social phenomenon since ancient times, evidenced by ancient humans migrating from Africa to other continents. Today, Ethiopia faces increased international emigration due to various conflicts, prompting many to seek better opportunities in Saudi Arabia. However, this migration process often entails serious risks to individuals' security and well-being, particularly concerning human rights violations. This paper examines these issues through the lens of human security, emphasizing the protection of migrants' physical safety, freedom from violence and exploitation, access to basic needs, and the preservation of human dignity.

In the recesses of the Palestine-Israel conflict which continues to metamorphose, the Intifada movement has become a symbol of resistance to occupation and oppression which curbs the aspirations of the Palestinian people. However, in this era of increasingly connected globalization, the dynamics of this movement are experiencing a significant transformation, which challenges traditional paradigms and brings new challenges that affect both parties. With major challenges such as perceived injustice and political instability, resolving this conflict has the potential to reduce extremism and increase stability in the Middle East, so this study will explore how the Palestinian Intifada influenced conflict resolution efforts with the aim of understanding the essence of the Intifada movement which is often seen as a form of extremism and radicalization, and this study will also explore the transformation of the Palestinian Intifada into a global phenomenon, considering its impact on conflict dynamics and practical approaches to achieving sustainable and stable peace in the region.