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Environmental-based diseases remain a major public health issue associated with unsafe drinking water, inadequate sanitation, poor hygiene behavior, improper household waste management, and unsafe domestic wastewater disposal. Community-Based Total Sanitation, known in Indonesia as Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat or STBM, is a community empowerment approach designed to change hygiene and sanitation behavior through five pillars. This article aims to develop an STBM program planning design and an impact evaluation model for reducing environmental-based diseases, particularly diarrhoeal disease. This study used a narrative review method by analyzing national regulations, official guidelines, global WASH reports, and recent scientific literature. The proposed program design includes situation analysis, multisectoral advocacy, community triggering, household mentoring, strengthening sanitation facilities, monitoring, verification, and impact evaluation. The evaluation model uses process, output, outcome, and impact indicators, with diarrhoea incidence as the main measurable health indicator. The findings indicate that an integrated STBM program supported by community participation, valid baseline data, and periodic evaluation can strengthen the prevention of environmental-based diseases. This article recommends implementing STBM as a sustainable community-based public health intervention rather than a short-term sanitation activity. 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaturan PTSL dalam sistem hukum agraria Indonesia serta menganalisis keterkaitannya dengan asas fungsi sosial tanah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normative dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan PTSL masih berorientasi pada kepastian hukum formal melalui percepatan pendaftaran dan sertifikasi tanah, sementara asas fungsi sosial tanah belum terintegrasi secara operasional dalam norma pelaksanaannya. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan harmonisasi PTSL agar tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai instrumen legalisasi aset, tetapi juga menjamin pemanfaatan tanah sesuai dengan fungsi sosial dalam rangka mewujudkan keadilan agraria.

This community service program was conducted at GPIA Sidoasri, Malang Regency, a church community located in a rural area with limited access to capital, technology, and market opportunities. To improve the economic welfare of its members, the church initiated a micro-enterprise producing banana chips and jackfruit chips. However, the business faced several challenges, including unattractive product packaging, a short shelf life due to the absence of preservatives, and difficulties in determining competitive and profitable selling prices. To address these issues, the service team provided training on marketing strategies and business capital management. The training covered product branding through attractive packaging, the use of digital promotion to expand market reach, the separation of personal and business finances, simple financial record-keeping, and responsible capital management practices. The program was implemented through lectures, interactive discussions, and participant mentoring. The results showed that participants gained a better understanding of marketing strategies and basic financial management. Although challenges such as limited capital and low digital literacy remained, participants demonstrated strong enthusiasm to apply the knowledge and skills acquired during the program. This activity highlights that the success of micro-enterprises depends not only on product quality but also on effective marketing strategies and sound capital management. Furthermore, the program reinforces the importance of careful planning and responsible stewardship in business, as reflected in the wisdom of Proverbs 21:5.

This community service study documents and analyzes a blood glucose screening program conducted by theology students of STT Kadesi–Bogor at the Pentecostal Church (Gereja Pantekosta Jakarta/GPJ) in West Jakarta from February to April 2026. A total of 80 examinations were performed over three consecutive months using the Accu-Check glucometer. Results revealed that 1 participant (1.25%) was classified as diabetic (random blood glucose/RBG ≥200 mg/dL) and 19 participants (23.75%) were classified as pre-diabetic or at elevated risk (RBG 126–199 mg/dL), bringing the total at-risk proportion to 25%. The mean participant age was 52.7 years (range: 21–82 years). Women constituted 78.75% of all participants and accounted for 70% of at-risk cases, while men showed a proportionally higher per-capita risk rate (35.3% vs. 22.2%). Five female participants recorded borderline-low glucose levels (70–75 mg/dL), indicating potential nutritional inadequacy. This study contextualizes its findings within biblical theology—particularly 1 Corinthians 3:16, which declares the human body to be the temple of the Holy Spirit—providing a theological imperative for holistic health stewardship. Practical recommendations include adoption of a balanced diet, engagement in regular physical activity, and periodic blood glucose monitoring as expressions of faithful bodily stewardship.

This study examines the role of social media as a contemporary arena of spiritual warfare and its impact on Christian spirituality amid the growth of digital disinformation. Employing a mixed-method approach, the research combines quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to identify patterns of religious disinformation and explain their influence on doctrinal understanding, worship practices, and the faith identity of church members. The findings indicate a negative relationship between exposure to disinformation and the depth and consistency of spiritual practices. They also reveal increasing theological confusion and the emergence of digital influencers as “alternative authorities” who shape religious interpretation outside established church guidance. In addition, low levels of media literacy and the church’s limited readiness for digital ministry further heighten believers’ vulnerability to misleading narratives. The study concludes that the digital sphere functions as a strategic field of spiritual warfare requiring an integrated theological, pastoral, and literacy-based response. Recommendations include developing theologically grounded media literacy programs, training digital ministry leaders, strengthening pastoral guidance online, and designing contextual, evidence-based church content for contemporary digital communities across diverse contemporary congregational settings and contexts.

Balanced nutrition intake is an important factor in supporting the performance of young athletes, especially during the growth period that requires optimal nutrition for intense physical activity. However, the lack of nutritional knowledge among parents of young athletes often leads to nutritional imbalances that have a negative impact on athlete health and performance. This study aims to measure the effect of balanced nutrition education on improving the knowledge and attitudes of parents of athletes at the Kancil Mas Football School (SSB), Karawang. The method used was a quasi-experiment with a pre-test and post-test design involving 20 respondents who were parents of U-13 athletes. Education was provided in the form of direct counseling sessions and group discussions, which were supplemented with supporting materials such as leaflets. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze changes in parental knowledge and attitude scores before and after the intervention. The results of the analysis showed a significant increase in parents' understanding and positive attitudes towards balanced nutrition after education (p < 0.05). The results showed a significant increase in the level of parents' understanding and positive attitudes towards nutrition after the education intervention. These findings highlight the importance of active parental involvement in ensuring that young athletes' nutritional needs are met, as well as providing a basis for developing nutrition education programs in other sports schools.

This study aims to analyze the role of the sub-district head (Camat) in community empowerment and village development in Lamboya District, West Sumba Regency, based on Government Regulation Number 17 of 2018 concerning Sub-Districts. The research employed an empirical juridical method with a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and literature studies involving the Camat, village heads, district staff, Village Consultative Body (BPD) members, and community representatives. The findings reveal that the Camat has carried out important functions in coordinating, supervising, and guiding village governance and development programs, as well as facilitating community empowerment activities. These roles contribute to improving development implementation and encouraging community participation at the village level. However, the effectiveness of these functions has not been fully optimized due to several obstacles, including limited infrastructure, inadequate human resources, weak coordination among institutions, and inconsistencies in regulatory implementation. These challenges affect the achievement of development objectives and the sustainability of empowerment programs. Therefore, strengthening technical regulations, enhancing institutional coordination, and improving the capacity of government officials are necessary to optimize the Camat’s role in supporting effective village development and sustainable community empowerment in Lamboya District.

The era of globalization and accelerated digital transformation has given rise to increasingly competitive job markets, requiring every individual to possess adequate skills, confidence, and abilities to face professional demands. In this situation, Generation Z, as a productive age group, still faces various obstacles related to job readiness, for example, a lack of confidence in meeting job expectations and a low mastery of non-technical skills required by industry. This research intends to assess the influence of self-efficacy and soft skills on the employment preparedness of Generation Z in Tasikmalaya Regency using quantitative approaches. The sample comprised 100 participants who were chosen using a non-probability sampling technique, specifically purposive sampling. Data collection employed an ordinal-scale questionnaire, and data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression testing. The findings indicate that self-efficacy has a partial, positive, and significant influence on job readiness. A similar impact is also demonstrated by the soft skills variable, where these non-technical skills are proven to accelerate individual readiness. When tested simultaneously, the combination of self-efficacy and soft skills plays a crucial role in strengthening the job readiness of Generation Z in Tasikmalaya Regency. These findings emphasize that the combination of self-confidence and interpersonal and intrapersonal competencies is the main foundation for facing the world of work. Therefore, this study offers practical implications regarding the urgency of strengthening both aspects through academic pathways, training programs, and stimulating work experiences to produce a Generation Z capable of optimally responding to the dynamics of industry needs.

This study designs and implements an up-down counter system based on an AT89C2051 microcontroller programmed in assembly using the MC-51 application. The system modifies an existing digital clock board by mapping the display selector pins, seven-segment segment pins, pushbuttons, and buzzer to the microcontroller ports. The research method consists of literature review, hardware identification, algorithm design, assembly programming, program downloading, and functional testing using a 5 V DC supply. The implementation uses a four-digit common-cathode seven-segment display and a multiplexing routine to show the counter value in real time. The functional test shows that the system can display the initial value, increase the value through the up button, and decrease the value through the down button. The display is readable during operation, and the program can run on the target circuit after being downloaded to the AT89C2051. This study confirms that assembly programming on MC-51 can be applied to implement a simple counter system on a reused digital clock circuit. The main limitations are the absence of explicit button debouncing, overflow and underflow protection, quantitative response-time measurement, and non-volatile data retention.

Penelitian ini mengkaji efektivitas pelayanan kesehatan di Puskesmas Oelbiteno dalam upaya meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat di Kecamatan Fatuleu Tengah, Kabupaten Kupang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui teknik wawancara, observasi, kuesioner, serta dokumentasi yang melibatkan tenaga kesehatan dan masyarakat sebagai informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelayanan kesehatan di Puskesmas Oelbiteno telah dilaksanakan melalui program promotif, preventif, kuratif, dan rehabilitatif. Namun demikian, efektivitas pelayanan belum berjalan secara optimal karena masih terdapat berbagai kendala, seperti keterbatasan tenaga medis, sarana dan prasarana yang belum memadai, kekurangan obat dan alat kesehatan, hambatan geografis wilayah, serta rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat terhadap pentingnya pelayanan kesehatan. Selain itu, kualitas pelayanan juga masih dipengaruhi oleh beban kerja petugas kesehatan serta komunikasi antara petugas kesehatan dan pasien. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya peningkatan sumber daya manusia, perbaikan fasilitas pelayanan, serta penguatan pelayanan kesehatan berbasis masyarakat guna meningkatkan efektivitas pelayanan kesehatan secara berkelanjutan secara menyeluruh di wilayah tersebut.

Python programming has become a fundamental competence in the digital era, yet students often struggle to transform algorithmic logic into functional code. This gap between conceptual understanding and practical implementation skills requires a thorough investigation into learning challenges within the Industrial Informatics Engineering Technology (TRIN) program at Politeknik Manufaktur Bandung. Grounded in Bloom's Revised Taxonomy and Cognitive Load Theory, this descriptive quantitative study utilized a Likert-scale questionnaire and an objective comprehension test administered to 87 third-year students. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to map performance across three aspects: conceptual understanding, syntactic comprehension, and implementation ability. Results indicate the conceptual aspect achieved the highest average of 4.15, followed by syntax at 3.56 and implementation at 3.54, with objective test accuracy rates of 76.09%, 65.52%, and 67.36%, respectively. Major obstacles identified include difficulties with looping, debugging, and comparison operators. Therefore, enhanced structured practice and Project-Based Learning approaches are recommended to strengthen students' implementation competencies.

The Free Nutritional Meal Program (MBG) is a government policy that is widely discussed by the public through social media, especially TikTok. Various comments that have emerged indicate differences in public opinion towards the program, so an analysis is needed to determine the tendency of public sentiment. This study aims to analyze TikTok user sentiment towards the Free Nutritional Meal Program using the Naive Bayes method. The research method is carried out through several steps, namely collecting TikTok comment data, preprocessing text, labeling sentiment data into positive, negative, and neutral, feature transformation using TF-IDF, and classification using the Naive Bayes algorithm. Based on the analysis of 500 comment data, the results show that positive sentiment dominates public opinion by 42% (210 data), followed by negative sentiment by 36% (180 data), and neutral sentiment by 22% (110 data). Testing the classification model using Naive Bayes produces excellent performance with an accuracy rate of 86%, precision of 84%, recall of 85%, and F1-score of 84%. The conclusion of this study shows that the Naive Bayes method is effective as an approach in social media sentiment analysis to map public responses to government policies.

The rapid growth of e-commerce among university students has provided greater convenience in conducting digital transactions. However, it has also created various challenges, including online fraud, discrepancies between advertised and delivered products, delayed shipments, and limited understanding of consumer rights and dispute resolution mechanisms. This community service program aimed to enhance legal literacy and increase students’ awareness of consumer protection in electronic transactions, particularly within the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (FKIP) of Yapis University Papua. The program employed an educational-participatory approach through counseling sessions, interactive discussions, case simulations, and participant comprehension evaluations. The materials covered consumer rights and obligations, common violations in electronic transactions, complaint procedures on e-commerce platforms, and non-litigation dispute resolution mechanisms. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in students’ understanding of consumer protection laws, their ability to identify violations of consumer rights, and their knowledge of appropriate actions when disputes arise in online shopping transactions. Furthermore, participants showed strong engagement throughout the activities and were able to apply their knowledge effectively during case simulations. The program contributed to the development of more critical, informed, responsible, and legally aware digital consumers who are better prepared to engage safely and confidently in e-commerce activities.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi strategi manajemen kesiswaan berbasis nilai Kristiani serta kontribusinya terhadap pembentukan karakter peserta didik dalam lingkungan pendidikan multikultural di SDS Unity Primary School. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada meningkatnya kompleksitas keberagaman di lingkungan sekolah yang menuntut adanya pengelolaan peserta didik yang tidak hanya berorientasi administratif, tetapi juga mampu membangun sikap toleransi, penghargaan terhadap perbedaan, dan karakter yang kuat. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui observasi partisipatif, wawancara, dan analisis dokumentasi sekolah, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan kerangka SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen kesiswaan di SDS Unity Primary School diimplementasikan melalui integrasi nilai-nilai Kristiani, seperti kasih, integritas, tanggung jawab, kerendahan hati, dan pelayanan ke dalam berbagai kebijakan dan program kesiswaan. Keberagaman peserta didik yang terdiri atas berbagai agama dan etnis dikelola melalui pendekatan inklusif yang mendorong interaksi lintas budaya dan lintas agama. Analisis SWOT menunjukkan bahwa identitas spiritual sekolah, program pembinaan rohani, kegiatan ekstrakurikuler, serta dukungan orang tua menjadi kekuatan utama dalam pembentukan karakter peserta didik. Di sisi lain, keterbatasan pembina rohani dan tantangan sekularisasi menjadi faktor yang perlu diantisipasi. Temuan penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa harmonisasi program kerohanian, ekstrakurikuler, dan program anti-perundungan berbasis pendekatan restoratif berkontribusi terhadap terciptanya iklim sekolah yang aman, toleran, dan harmonis. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa strategi manajemen kesiswaan berbasis nilai Kristiani efektif mendukung pembentukan karakter peserta didik serta dapat menjadi model pengelolaan pendidikan multikultural yang inklusif dan berorientasi pada pengembangan karakter secara holistik.

The Integrated Primary Care Posyandu (ILP) program requires cadres to assume a much broader role compared to conventional Posyandu services. In the working area of Puskesmas Penusupan, ILP achievement reached only 20% in 2025, while merely 25 out of 225 cadres (11%) had received related training. This condition indicates that cadre readiness needs to be examined more comprehensively before the program can be implemented optimally. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with the readiness of ILP Posyandu cadres using a descriptive-analytic method with a cross-sectional approach. The study involved 144 cadres selected proportionally from a population of 225 using the Slovin formula. Data were collected through structured interviews using a validated questionnaire and analyzed using univariate, bivariate (Spearman Rank), and multivariate (ordinal logistic regression) analyses. The results showed that among the eight variables examined, only skills (r = 0.171; p = 0.040) and resource availability (r = 0.225; p = 0.007) were significantly associated with cadre readiness. In the multivariate analysis, resource availability emerged as the most influential factor with an OR = 2.839 (95% CI: 1.311–6.149), indicating that cadres supported by adequate resources were 2.8 times more likely to demonstrate good readiness. In conclusion, resource availability was identified as the dominant factor associated with the readiness of ILP Posyandu cadres in the working area of Puskesmas Penusupan. Therefore, improving the availability of facilities and infrastructure, providing practice-based training, and strengthening operational support should become priority programs in the future.

Adolescents are a nutritionally vulnerable group at risk of double burden of malnutrition. Riskesdas 2023 data showed that the prevalence of undernutrition in adolescents aged 13–15 years in North Sumatra reached 16.8%, while overweight and obesity reached 18.3%. The habit of consuming unhealthy snacks at school is one of the main preventable risk factors through structured nutrition education. Objective: This community service program aimed to increase knowledge of balanced nutrition and healthy snack selection behavior among Grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 19 Medan. Methods: Activities were carried out through interactive lectures, demonstrations, educational games, and workshops with 64 students. Evaluation used pre-test and post-test analysis with Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Results: There was a significant increase in nutritional knowledge in both classes (p=0.001) and healthy snack selection behavior (p=0.000). Conclusion: The Healthy Teen School program effectively improved adolescent nutrition knowledge and behavior.

This community service activity aims to boost the self-confidence of seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 2 Taniwel Timur, West Seram Regency, many of whom struggle with speaking in public. The activity was conducted through an arts performance as part of the University of Pattimura’s Community Service Program (KKN). The process was divided into three simple stages: preparation (meetings with the school and selecting competitions such as public speaking, poetry reading, or solo singing), implementation (students performed for 2 hours while receiving praise and positive feedback), and evaluation (observing changes such as more confident eye contact and a louder voice). As a result, the students participated actively, and their hesitation decreased significantly due to hands-on practice and support from teachers and peers. The arts performance proved to be an easy and comprehensive way to help students become more confident and sociable.

Medical students need to take the Competence test as Doctor Profession Program (UKMPPD) to be passed and earned their medical profession. Exams are one of the most common stressors experienced by medical students and the body will respond to these stressors in the form of feelings of depression or anxiety. Anxiety and depression itself can affect student performance during exam preparation. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between anxiety and depression on the preparation of the Professional Doctoral Program Competency Test (UKMPPD) for students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Pattimura. The method used is quantitative analysis with cross sectional research design and total sampling technique. The sample is all the student population of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Pattimura who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, totaling 90 respondents. The results showed that the majority of respondents experienced mild anxiety symptoms, which is 37% during the CBT exam and 34% during the OSCE exam. The majority of respondents also did not experience depression, which is 68% during the CBT and 70% during the OSCE and the majority had an optimal level of preparation for UKMPPD, which is 63% during the CBT and 64% during the OSCE. Data analysis using the chi square test showed a significant relationship between anxiety symptom and the level of preparation for UKMPPD both CBT (p=0.030) and OSCE (p=0.012). There was no significant relationship between depression symptom and the level of preparation for UKMPPD for both CBT (p=0.123) and OSCE (p=0.07). It can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between anxiety and preparation for UKMPPD, but there is no significant relationship between depression and preparation for UKMPPD.

Indonesia’s Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) requires an efficient and adaptive supply chain system to ensure timely distribution, cost efficiency, and adequate nutritional delivery for a large number of beneficiaries. However, conventional supply chain approaches are generally static and unable to respond effectively to dynamic demand, supply uncertainty, and logistical constraints. This study proposes a Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning (MORL) model to optimize the MBG supply chain by simultaneously considering distribution cost, delivery timeliness, service level, nutritional adequacy, and food waste reduction. The model is developed using a simulation-based environment representing real-world supply chain conditions, including demand variability, transportation limitations, and kitchen capacity constraints. The results show that the proposed approach achieves cost reductions of 15–22%, improves delivery timeliness by 18–25%, maintains a service level above 90%, increases nutritional fulfillment by 12–18%, and reduces food waste by 10–15% compared to baseline methods. Sensitivity analysis further demonstrates the robustness of the model, with minimal performance degradation under disruption scenarios. These findings indicate that Reinforcement Learning provides a scalable and adaptive solution for optimizing large-scale public food distribution systems. The proposed model contributes both theoretically by integrating multi-objective optimization within an RL framework and practically by supporting data-driven decision-making for improving the effectiveness of the MBG program in Indonesia.

Educational planning management is an essential process in managing educational institutions to achieve educational goals effectively and efficiently. One form of implementing educational planning management is through the preparation of the Madrasah Work Plan (RKM) and School Work Plan (RKS). This article aims to describe the concept of educational planning management through the preparation of RKM/RKS, their objectives, preparation processes, and implementation in schools and madrasahs. The research method used is library research with a qualitative descriptive approach by collecting data from books, scientific journals, government regulations, and other supporting documents. The results of the study indicate that RKM/RKS has a strategic role as a guideline for implementing educational programs, a basis for decision-making, an evaluation tool, and an instrument for improving the quality of education. The preparation of RKM/RKS is carried out systematically through team formation, school/madrasah self-evaluation, formulation of priority programs, preparation of medium-term and annual work plans, and budgeting plans. Proper implementation of RKM/RKS can improve the effectiveness of educational management, accountability, transparency, and the quality of educational services in schools and madrasahs.