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The aim of this research is to explore the impact of financial literacy, financial inclusion, and locus of control on the financial performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) active in Central Java. This study follows a quantitative research approach, which involves testing hypotheses and determining the relationships between variables, allowing for generalization of the results from the sample to the broader population. Quantitative research collects data in the form of numbers or statistics, enabling objective statistical analysis. The study employs clear and standard measuring tools to ensure the consistency and reliability of the collected data. The research begins with a specific hypothesis, which is then tested through systematic data collection and analysis. The results of the study indicate that the variables of financial literacy (X1), financial inclusion (X2), and locus of control (X3) all have a positive and significant influence on the financial performance of MSMEs in Central Java. The statistical analysis shows that the calculated T values are greater than the critical values in the t-table, and the significance values are below the threshold of 0.005, confirming the robustness of the findings. The results also suggest that enhancing financial literacy, promoting financial inclusion, and fostering a strong sense of locus of control among MSME owners can significantly improve their financial performance. These findings have important implications for policymakers and business development programs aimed at improving the sustainability and growth of MSMEs. By addressing these factors, MSMEs in Central Java can potentially achieve better financial outcomes and contribute to the overall economic development of the region. Future research could expand the scope to include more diverse regions and industries to validate and build upon these findings.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of UMK, economic growth and inflation on open unemployment in Central Java in 2019-2023. The total population of this study consisted of 35 districts or cities that provided 175 observations of data and used the saturated sample method so that all were used as sample data. The analysis method used was multiple linear regression. Hypothesis testing using 5% degrees of freedom. The results of the reliability and validity tests showed that all question items were reliable and the constructs were valid, in addition, the regression had met the fit model. The results of the study showed that the Regency/City Minimum Wage (X1) had a significant positive effect on Open Unemployment (Y). Internal Control (X2) had a significant positive effect on employee performance (Y). Work motivation (X3) had a significant positive effect on employee performance (Y).

Economic growth is one of the key indicators that reflects the welfare level of a country's population. Therefore, economic growth is always a central focus in national development planning, with the expectation of continuous improvement year after year. Java Island plays a vital role as the largest contributor to the national economy. However, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, which occurred recently, caused a significant economic contraction, and Java Island was the most affected region. This crisis has impacted all sectors of the economy, including industry, trade, and tourism, which in turn affected the national economy. Nevertheless, the economic recovery efforts have begun to show results, with the economy, especially in Java, growing significantly in 2021. However, rapid growth in certain districts/cities in Java has caused new issues, such as population explosions, environmental degradation, and increasing crime rates. Therefore, it is essential to conduct a thorough analysis of the factors influencing economic growth and to map out the potential economic indicators in various regions across Java. This study uses multivariate biplot analysis and spatial econometrics to analyze and map the uniformity of districts/cities, industry mapping, and areas that serve as growth centers and those that are less developed. The results show that factors affecting economic growth in districts/cities vary. Generally, inflation has both positive and negative effects on the economy, while the unemployment rate, human development index, and population growth rate have a positive impact on economic growth. This study provides clear insights to support more targeted and effective development policies on Java Island, as well as improve the quality of life for residents in less developed areas.

Anemia is one of the most common health problems among pregnant women and remains a major challenge in midwifery services. Anemia in pregnancy is primarily caused by iron deficiency, which leads to decreased hemoglobin levels and poses a risk of impaired fetal growth as well as an increased likelihood of delivery complications. Anemia in pregnant women is also one of the contributing factors to the high maternal and neonatal mortality rates (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2022). This study aimed to determine the effect of iron (Fe) supplement consumption patterns on the risk of anemia among pregnant women at BPM Aida Nospita, Manunggal Village, Labuhan Deli Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, in 2025. This research employed a quantitative design with a descriptive correlational approach. The population of this study comprised all pregnant women attending BPM Aida Nospita in Manunggal Village, Labuhan Deli Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, totaling 45 participants. The results of the analysis indicated a significant relationship between the pattern of iron (Fe) supplement consumption and the risk of anemia in pregnant women (p = 0.000).

Sleep disturbances in infants can cause significant physiological and psychological impacts, such as decreased immune function, impaired cognitive development, and an increased risk of emotional problems (Tanty & Pramesti, 2023). Poor sleep not only inhibits physical growth but also affects infants’ mental development, including attention disorders, anxiety, and low cognitive abilities (Hendri & Sari, 2021). Therefore, it is important to provide effective interventions to improve infants’ sleep quality. This study aimed to determine the effect of baby massage on infant sleep quality at BPM Aida Nospita, Manunggal Village, Labuhan Deli Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, in 2025. This research employed a quasi-experimental method with a pretest–posttest design using an experimental group and a control group, also known as a pretest–posttest with control group design, which is a form of quasi-experimental research design. The population of this study consisted of all infants aged 3–6 months at BPM Aida Nospita, Manunggal Village, Labuhan Deli Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, totaling 32 infants, with 16 infants in the experimental group and 16 infants in the control group. The results of the statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test showed a significant probability value of 0.001 (p < 0.05). This indicates that the null hypothesis (H₀) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H₁) was accepted, meaning that baby massage had a significant effect on sleep quality among infants at BPM Aida Nospita, Manunggal Village, Labuhan Deli Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, in 2025.

This study aims to strengthen industrialization in the livestock sector to increase productivity and investment at the district and city levels. The use of modern technologies, such as digital livestock management systems, sensor-based animal health monitoring, and automated feeding systems, has increased in recent years in response to the need for efficiency and improved production outcomes. Data were collected from various livestock units, ranging from small-scale to large-scale farms, through surveys and observations over a two-year period. The analysis results show a significant positive relationship between the level of investment in livestock technology and productivity improvements, both in terms of livestock population growth and production outputs (meat, milk, eggs). Higher investment in technology tends to result in better operational efficiency, lower animal mortality rates, and improved product quality. These findings indicate that accelerating the adoption of technology in the livestock industry can be an effective strategy to enhance the competitiveness and sustainability of the national livestock sector.

This research is entitled Determinants and Strategies of Enhancing Economic Growth in Jambi City. The objectives of this research are: (1) to analyze the conditions of economic growth, population, infrastructure, Human Development Index (HDI), investment, and capital expenditure in Jambi City; (2) to examine the effects of population, infrastructure, HDI, investment, and capital expenditure on economic growth in Jambi City; and (3) to formulate strategies to enhance economic growth in Jambi City. The results of the study indicate that there is a relationship between the population, infrastructure, HDI, investment, and capital expenditure with economic growth in Jambi City period 2004-2023 with percentage of contribution on 69.12%. Based on multiple linear regression analysis, these variables collectively have a significant and positive effect on economic growth in Jambi City during the 2004–2023 period. Partially, population, HDI, investment, and capital expenditure show a significant and positive influence, while infrastructure has a positive but not significant effect. Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), the recommended strategies for enhancing economic growth in Jambi City include the development of basic infrastructure, facilitation of investment, support for regional leading sectors and UMKM, and human resource development.

This study aims to determine the effect of government spending in the education, health and infrastructure sectors on economic growth and HDI in Aceh Tamiang Regency. The data used are time series data for the period 2014-2023. The data analysis method uses path analysis. The results of the study indicate that government spending in the education, health and infrastructure sectors directly has a positive and insignificant effect on economic growth in Aceh Tamiang Regency. Directly, government spending in the education sector has a negative and insignificant effect on HDI in Aceh Tamiang Regency. Meanwhile, government spending in the health sector, infrastructure sector and economic growth directly have a positive and significant effect on HDI in Aceh Tamiang Regency. Indirectly, government spending in the education sector through economic growth has a negative and insignificant effect on HDI in Aceh Tamiang Regency. Meanwhile, government spending in the health sector, infrastructure sector through economic growth indirectly has a positive and significant effect on HDI in Aceh Tamiang Regency. The coefficient of determination value of 0.9998 indicates that 99.98% of the information contained in the data can be explained by the model, while the remaining 0.02% is explained by other variables outside the model, such as poverty, unemployment, population and other variables.

Stunting is a condition of growth failure in toddlers due to chronic malnutrition that occurs over a long period of time, especially in the first 1,000 days of life. Several major risk factors for stunting that are often found in Posyandu include the nutritional status of pregnant women, parenting patterns, exclusive breastfeeding, and environmental sanitation. To analyze the Identification of Risk Factors for Stunting in Toddlers: A Study in the Working Area of ​​the Aek Godang Health Center, North Padang Lawas. The type of observational study with a cross-sectional design, the study population was 139 people. This study used samples from all mothers who had stunted toddlers in Hulu Sihapas District, North Padang Lawas Regency, with the total sampling method. Data collection used a research questionnaire. Data were analyzed univariately, bivariate (chi-square), and multivariate (logistic regression) with the enter method. Newborn weight (p = 0.001) and healthy toilets (p = 0.001) significantly influenced the risk of stunting, with low birth weight and poor sanitation increasing the risk of growth disorders in toddlers. This study shows that newborn weight (p = 0.001) and healthy toilets (p = 0.001) have a significant effect on the risk of stunting in toddlers. Babies with low birth weight and environments with poor sanitation increase the likelihood of stunting. More attention is needed to monitor newborn weight and increase access to healthy latrines to reduce the prevalence of stunting. The government and health workers are expected to strengthen nutrition and sanitation programs at the community level. 

Rapid population growth in Indonesia, especially in Karanganyar Regency, has contributed to the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural land, which has the potential to threaten food security and environmental sustainability. With the main agricultural land protection regulation in Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2009 with further regulations in Karanganyar Regency through regional regulations on Karanganyar Regional Peraturan Daerah Karanganyar Nomor 19 Tahun 2019 Perubahan Atas Peraturan Daerah Nomor 1 Tahun 2013, Peraturan Daerah Karanganyar Nomor 6 Tahun 2020 and the basis for the Kesesuaian Kegiatan Pemanfaatan Ruang (KKPR) policy with the Online Single Submission (OSS) system based on the Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang (ATR) Nomor 13 Tahun 2021. However, in the implementation of these various arrangements there are various problems and challenges. This study aims to analyse the various challenges and problems in the efforts to realize the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural land in Karanganyar. This study uses a juridical empirical research method, using a legislative approach and a conceptual approach. The research findings show that there are inconsistencies in regulations, weak supervision and law enforcement, and lack of public awareness and participation.

This study aims to analyze and compare migration data with the population growth projections of Gorontalo Province for the 2020–2035 period. A descriptive quantitative approach was used to evaluate in- and out-migration patterns based on the 2020 Long Form Population Census and BPS population projections. The findings reveal regional migration disparities, with Gorontalo City and Bone Bolango Regency experiencing positive net migration, while Pohuwato and Boalemo show high out-migration rates. Meanwhile, the demographic projections indicate an increasing dependency ratio and a significant growth in the elderly population. The combination of migration dynamics and demographic trends affects the age structure and regional capacity to support sustainable development. These findings provide an essential basis for evidence-based migration policy formulation to reduce regional disparities and strengthen local economic development.

With 65 million entities, micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) form the backbone of the Indonesian economy, contributing around 61% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP) and employing 97% of the working population. Despite their strategic role, most MSMEs still face various challenges, such as low adaptability to changes in the business environment, lack of planning strategies, minimal innovation, and limitations in utilizing technology. On the other hand, current consumer behavior increasingly demands quality products and practical services, including in terms of payment systems. Along with the development of the digital era, non-cash payment systems, such as e-money and QR codes, have experienced rapid growth and become important elements in encouraging financial inclusion and transaction efficiency. QRIS (Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard) is present as an innovative solution that allows MSMEs to make transactions quickly, safely, and easily by simply scanning a QR code. Realizing the importance of utilizing this technology, the community service (PkM) team conducted training activities on the creation and use of QRIS for the "Zea Ice" Orange Juice micro business actor in Deltasari Indah, Sidoarjo, East Java. This activity includes QR code creation, printing, and attaching barcodes to kiosks, as well as technical education related to their use. This initiative is expected to increase transaction efficiency, encourage the implementation of digitalization, and increase the competitiveness of MSMEs in an increasingly competitive market.

Rapid development and population growth in urban areas have caused various problems, one of which is the decreasing availability of clean water. This has an impact on the agricultural and fisheries sectors which are highly dependent on good water quality. As an alternative to overcome this problem, the aquaponic system offers a solution by combining fish and plant cultivation in one efficient water recirculation system. However, the quality and productivity of the aquaponic system are highly dependent on good management, which requires proper monitoring and control of environmental conditions such as temperature, pH, humidity, and water quality. This study aims to design and build a Node-RED-based aquaponic monitoring and control system. This system uses various sensors to monitor environmental conditions and provide automatic control of parameters that affect plant and fish growth. By using Node-RED as a platform for sensor and control integration, this system is expected to provide an efficient and affordable solution to increase the productivity of the aquaponic system. The results of the study show that the designed tool can carry out effective monitoring and control of parameters that affect the aquaponic system, and can be accessed in real-time to facilitate system management and supervision.

A high percentage of elderly people working in an area shows that there are still many elderly people who are still able to work productively. This shows that elderly people have a contribution to the economy, which means that elderly work participation can influence the economy and help increase economic growth. This research aims to determine the influence of several factors such as gender, marital status, education level, health of the elderly, status of head of household, non-work income, family income, number of dependents on the work participation of the elderly population in Tejakula District. This research used a purposive sampling technique as a method for determining the sample with a sample size of 122 people. The data collection method used was observation and interviews using a research questionnaire. The data collected was then analyzed using moderated regression analysis using the SPSS 27 program. The results of the study found that 1) Gender, marital status, education level, health of the elderly, status of head of household, non-work income, family income, number of dependents simultaneously influence the work participation of the elderly population in Tejakula District. 2) Gender, head of household status, and number of dependents have a partial positive effect on work participation of the elderly population in Tejakula District. 3) Marital status, education level, health, non-work income, family income have a partial negative effect on work participation of the elderly population in Tejakula District

This study aims to determine and analyze the role and effectiveness of the forestry police in overcoming illegal logging crimes. The type of research used is empirical juridical, by collecting data based on facts in the field and analyzed qualitatively descriptive. The role of the forestry police includes non-penal and penal efforts. Non-penal efforts are in the form of prevention such as providing appeals for environmental conservation, reforestation, supervision of forest utilization permits, mapping of vulnerable areas, and improving the quality and quantity of personnel. Penal efforts include arresting perpetrators, confiscating evidence, making minutes of examination, and coordinating with other law enforcement officials. Factors affecting the effectiveness of the forestry police include legal substance, legal structure, community culture, facilities and infrastructure, area compared to the number of personnel, population growth, and increasing modus operandi due to high demand for timber. Synchronization of regulations between sectors is needed to avoid overlapping rules. The government also needs to strengthen forestry police infrastructure and encourage active community involvement in preserving forests in North Gorontalo District.

Stunting is a global concern, impacting the quality of human resources.Purpose of Analysis of Factors Related to Stunting in Toddlers in Bangun Rejo Village, Tanjung Morawa. This study used a cross-sectional study design analytical method. The population of this study is 35 stunted toddlers in the February-March 2025 period. 16 respondents with moderate knowledge, the majority of toddlers were stunted with short height (75%), while the other 25% were very short. The results of the statistical test showed a P-Value of 0.000 (P < 0.05), 22 secondary education respondents, most of them toddlers experienced stunting, short height (72.7%), while the other 27.3% were very short. showed a P-Value of 0.003 (P < 0.05), 20 low-income respondents, 60% of toddlers experienced stunting very short height, while 40% were short. showed a P-Value of 0.015 (P < 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between income and stunting in toddlers, 24 respondents had undernourished status, 54.2% of toddlers experienced stunting, very short height, while 45.8% were short. showed a P-Value of 0.006 (P < 0.05), there was a significant relationship between nutritional status and stunting in toddlers. Knowledge, education, income, nutritional status are risk factors for stunting in toddlers.Increasing knowledge of child growth is very important to understand the factors that affect stunting and effective prevention strategies.

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of population mobility in Gorontalo Province, focusing on migration patterns, driving factors, and their impacts on regional development. The research employs a descriptive quantitative approach based on secondary data from Long Form Sensus Penduduk 2020 and official publications from Badan Pusat Statistik. The findings reveal that Gorontalo City serves as the primary destination for in-migration, while Gorontalo Regency is the main source of out-migration. Economic motives dominate migration drivers, followed by educational and socio-familial factors. Migration contributes to economic growth in destination areas but also presents challenges such as infrastructure disparity and pressure on public services, especially in origin and emerging regions like Boalemo and Pohuwato. These findings highlight the importance of development planning that is responsive to population mobility dynamics to achieve inclusive and sustainable growth.

World Healt Organization (WHO) data estimates that 175 million children under the age of 1-5 years in the world are affected by malnutrition if efforts to reduce the prevalence of stunting continue continuously, projected to be 157 million by 2025. The purpose of the study was to determine the Determinants of the Incidence of Stunting in Toddlers in the Banda Sakti Health Center Working Area, Lhokseumawe City. The research design uses quantitative with a Cross Sectional approach. The population in this study were all mothers who had toddlers at the Banda Sakti Health Center, Lhokseumawe City, which was 1,672 toddlers, with a sample size of 99 mothers who had toddlers. Data analysis using univariate analysis, bivariate. The results showed that there was an influence of feeding, personal hygiene, parenting, on the incidence of stunting in toddlers in the Banda Sakti Health Center Working Area of Lhokseumawe City. It is recommended that the Banda Sakti Health Center be able to create interesting education for mothers who have toddlers so that they want to bring their children to the Puskesmas or Posyandu so that their children's growth and development are monitored, as well as how to process diverse and nutritious foods so that children get good nutritional intake as an early effort to reduce the incidence of stunting and improve family health.

In this study, the population growth rate of Pematang Siantar City during the period 2022–2025 is discussed through an improper integral approach. Population growth patterns must be analyzed and predicted in the long term. Linear, geometric, and exponential growth models are used to analyze data taken from the Statistics Center. The calculation results show that the population growth rate changes every year, with an average change of 0.10% per year. The prediction for 2025–2026 shows a growth of 0.59%, indicating an increase in population. However, through an improper integral approach, it is found that a population that experiences a decrease in growth rate over time will reach a limited cumulative total population value, even if the population continues to increase. These results indicate that a long-term downward trend can lead to population shrinkage, uncontrolled growth can lead to population density. As a result, this study is expected to provide a scientific basis for population policies and sustainable development planning in Pematang Siantar City.

This research aims to look at Psychological Well-being in former drug addicts who are also ex-convicts. The population used was former drug addicts who were also former prisoners in Bukittinggi with 5 samples. This research uses non-parametric statistics with descriptive methods. The instrument used is an adaptation with a total of 36 items with aspects including a). Self Acceptance, b). Positive Relationship With Others, c). Autonomy d). Environmental Mastery, e). Purpoe In Life and f). Personal Growth. Based on the results of research that has been carried out, the Psychological Well-being results for the subject are in the Fair category with a percentage of 20%, High with a percentage of 60% and Very high with a percentage of 20%.