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Dismissal of a Regional Head can occur due to two factors, the first is 'Objective' in investigating violations of the oath or promise of office carried out by the Regional Head. Second, 'Subjective' in using his authority, namely looking for loopholes to dismiss the Regional Head on sentimental grounds. The reasons for the dismissal of a Regional Head are regulated in Article 78 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) of Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government (UUPD). Some of the problems that often occur in the dismissal of Regional Heads are, the Regional Head is elected directly but the mechanism for dismissal is indirectly (representatively) through the DPRD so that it is not in line with democracy, then regional autonomy is not implemented freely because there is still a role for the central government and there is also no Judicial institutions in regions specifically for the dismissal of Regional Heads. After we analyzed the many articles in the Constitution, the amendments relating to the main duties of the House of Representatives, also in UUMD3 1999 in conjunction with UUMD3 2014, were further emphasized by DPR Standing Orders No. 16/DPR/RI/1999-2000 jucto Regulation of the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2014 concerning Rules of Procedure, from the authority and duties of the DPRD above, it can be formulated that the DPRD has three functions, namely the supervisory function, the budget function, and the function of making Law or legislation. In carrying out its functions and duties, the DPRD has several rights that can be used to carry out its duties as government supervisor. Some of the rights in question are the Right to Questionnaire, the Right to Interplation, the Right to Express an Opinion. As for the right to inquiry itself, the definition is contained in Article 79 paragraph (3) of Law Number 17 of 2014 concerning the MPR, DPR, DPD and DPRD.

The fourth principle of Pancasila, “Democracy guided by the inner wisdom of deliberation/ representation,” serves as the foundation of Indonesia’s democratic system. The values of democraty, deliberation, wisdom, and representation reflect the unique characteristics of Pancasila democracy, distinguishing it from other democratic systems. This article aims to analyze the transformation of these vaules in Indonesia’s democratic life, both in governance and society. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach through literature reviews, legal regulations, and observations of Indonesia’s democratic pratices. The findings reveal that the implementation of the fourth mechanisms such as elections and representative institutions. However, challelnges such as corruption, money politics, low public participation, and a lack of Pancasila education remain significant obstacles. The transformation of the fourth principle requires strengthening Pancasila education, leadership integrity, and active public participation. With these efforts, Pancasila democracy can evolve into a system that upholds justice, deliberation, and prioritizes the people’s interests.

The existence of political parties in a country that adheres to a democratic system is a necessity and the inevitability of their existence. Because with the existence of political parties, democracy will run according to the reel that it should run, starting from the freedom to gather and associate as regulated in the constitution to the implementation of general elections for President and Vice President, Legislative and regional head elections indicating that democracy in a country is at least whether or not it can be said to be going well. In Indonesia itself, the existence of political parties can be said to be multi-party because there are more than two parties, as in several other democratic countries where there are only two parties. Although in general, if we look at their ideology, political parties in Indonesia can be grouped into just two, namely parties that are religiously oriented (religious) and parties that are nationalist (state) oriented. In the research results, it is stated that multi-party parties do not always work well and are relevant, so there needs to be simplification in the future so that people are not confused by many parties.

Simultaneous regional elections resulted in the vacancy of leaders in various cities, including the city of sukabumi, therefore the appointment of officials (Pj) to fill the vacancy of the position of regional head of the city mayor until the election of regional heads in the simultaneous regional elections in 2024. however, the appointment of PJ is problematic because it is not in line with the spirit of democracy. This research examines and analyzes related to the appointment of the PJ of the mayor of Sukabumi which is not in line with the principles of democracy, therefore the researcher raises the formulation of the problem among them. First, is the appointment of the acting mayor of Sukabumi in accordance with the principles of democracy? Second, whether the appointment of the acting mayor of the city of Sukabumi is in accordance with the Constitutional Court Decision Number 67/PUU-XIX/2021 and MKRI Decision Number 15/PUU- XX/2022. This research uses an analytical descriptive method with a normative juridical approach, in which data and information are analyzed normatively. The results showed that the appointment of the Pj mayor of Sukabumi did not involve the DPRD as a representation of the people of Sukabumi so that it can be said that it does not fulfill the principles of democracy and heed the Constitutional Court Decision Number 67/PUU-XIX/2021 and MKRI Decision Number 15/PUU- XX/2022 which mandates the making of implementing regulations to make PJ appointments without heeding the principles of democracy which are the spirit of the struggle of the Indonesian nation and the people of the city of Sukabumi.

The Constitutional Court (MK) has a strategic role in maintaining the stability of the Indonesian constitutional system through its main function as a guardian of the constitution. This article aims to analyze the influence of the Constitutional Court on constitutional stability, both through legal testing of the 1945 Constitution, the resolution of authority disputes between state institutions, and through supervision of the implementation of elections. Using a normative juridical approach, this article reveals that the Constitutional Court has made a significant contribution in maintaining balance between state institutions, ensuring electoral justice, and upholding the supremacy of the constitution. Nevertheless, challenges such as the independence of judges and the implementation of judgments remain issues that require attention. This article recommends strategic steps to enhance the role of the Constitutional Court in strengthening the stability of Indonesia's constitutional system.

Indonesia needs get rid of terrorism For forever . Journal This aiming For describe and analyze with use approach various effort countermeasures crime terrorism in Indonesia. Methods research used​ in study This use approach qualitative descriptive For serve description about terrorism and some strategy For to fight crime This is in Indonesia. Formulation problem based on description background back on top is as following : what just factor crime terrorism in Indonesia and how method overcome crime terrorism in Indonesia. Terrorism is disturbing phenomenon . Efforts​ countermeasures crime terrorism committed​ Government implemented through effort repressive . There are five factors that cause crime terrorism in Indonesia, namely : ethnicity , nationalism / separatism , poverty and inequality and globalization , non-democracy , violations dignity humans and religious radicalism .

The Constitutional Court (MK) regarding the Election Law on the presidential and vice presidential nomination threshold. Since the presidential election was held directly, the issue of the threshold for nominating presidential and vice presidential candidates has always surfaced every time a presidential election is held. In 2004, for example, the presidential nomination threshold was 10 percent. This research is a juridical-normative research, namely a process to find legal rules, legal principles, and legal doctrines in order to answer the legal issues faced. The data was analyzed descriptively-qualitatively.The results of this study indicate that the Constitutional Court Decision Number 74/PUU-XVII/2020 concerning the presidential nomination threshold (Presidential Threshold) is one of the important decisions in the discourse of democracy in Indonesia. The following is an explanation of the Ratio Decidendi of the decision in relation to the concept of democracy: Constitutionality of the Presidential Threshold The Constitutional Court (MK) in its decision emphasized that the presidential threshold or presidential nomination threshold is constitutional. This means that the provisions regarding the threshold do not conflict with the 1945 Constitution. The Constitutional Court is of the opinion that the presidential threshold is an open legal policy (Open Legal Policy) which is the authority of the lawmakers, namely the House of Representatives (DPR) and the President. The purpose of the Presidential Threshold, the Constitutional Court explained that the purpose of the presidential threshold is to simplify the party system and the presidential system, as well as to create government stability. The Ratio Decidendi of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 74/Puu-XXII/2024, Number 87/Puu-XXII/2024, Number 129/Puu-XXI/2023, Number 131/Puu-XXI 2023 concerning the Presidential Nomination Threshold is the Presidential Threshold is constitutional and does not conflict with the principles of democracy.

Critical philosophy of education plays an essential role in shaping students' critical thinking and influencing the teaching approach of democracy and citizenship education in Indonesia. Critical education focuses on the students’ ability to think reflectively and responsibly, understanding the relationship between knowledge, power, and freedom in a democratic society. This paper examines the contribution of critical philosophy of education to democratic education through a case study in several Indonesian schools that implement a critical approach in civic education. The aim of the research is to understand the implementation of critical education philosophy in teaching democracy and citizenship, and to see how it affects students' abilities to actively participate in the democratic process. The findings suggest that the application of critical philosophy of education can raise students' awareness of social and political issues and encourage them to be more active in community activities, though significant challenges remain in achieving consistent implementation.

Pancasila serves as the cornerstone of the Indonesian state and way of life, and it is crucial in fostering diversity. Maintaining unity is difficult for Indonesia because of its ethnic, cultural, religious, and linguistic diversity. These disparities can be brought together by the moral and ethical pillars of Pancasila, which include Divinity, Humanity, Unity, Democracy, and Justice. This article explores how Pancasila can serve as a framework for resolving possible disputes and fostering intergroup tolerance. It is desired that variety would continue to be the primary strength of the Indonesian people by emphasizing the application of Pancasila values in daily life. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive analysis method to explore the strategic role of Pancasila in the context of diversity. The results of the study show that strengthening the understanding and practice of Pancasila values ​​in all levels of society is the key to success in maintaining unity amidst the nation's diversity.

Considering the importance of the involvement of the younger generation in the democratic process, the KPU launched the "Goes To Campus, School and Islamic Boarding School" program as an initiative to bring young voters closer to the election process. Through this program, the KPU carries out outreach in various educational institutions, including campuses, schools and Islamic boarding schools, with the aim of providing a better understanding of voting rights, the importance of participation, and voting mechanisms. The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection through interviews, observation and documentation studies. The research results show that this program has succeeded in increasing GEN-Z voters' awareness and interest in participating in the election, although there are still challenges in terms of access to information and understanding of the election process. It is hoped that this article will provide insight for the KPU and other stakeholders in designing more effective strategies to involve the younger generation in democracy.

This paper analyzes the implementation of citizenship rights in Indonesia, focusing on the interaction between public officials and the public. The important role of officials in policy making and implementation, as well as the active role of the public in participation and oversight, are discussed in depth. In addition, the article also presents some solutions to overcome these problems, with the aim of improving the quality of citizens' rights implementation. The implementation of citizenship rights between officials and the public in Indonesia is a complex and dynamic process. Despite the challenges, a commitment to democratic principles and the protection of citizens' rights can strengthen the relationship between officials and communities. With an inclusive and participatory approach, Indonesia can build a more just, transparent and sustainable society. The value of equality means that every citizen has equal rights, equal obligations, and equal standing before the law and government. This value in this reform era is very decisive for the journey of life in society, nation and state, as a signpost in achieving national ideals and national goals. Public participation in the political and decision-making process is essential to maintain the sustainability of democracy. People have the right to be involved in the discussion and determination of policies that affect their lives. Through elections, public forums and various other participatory mechanisms, people can express their aspirations and control public officials. This study analyzes the level of political participation in general elections in rural Indonesia. Through a survey of a number of respondents, this research identifies factors that influence political participation, such as education level, political awareness, and access to information. The results show that the level of political participation in rural areas is still low and is influenced by several obstacles. This research suggests the importance of improving the quality of political education and providing adequate infrastructure to increase people's political participation. As the subject of citizens' rights, the community has a very important role in ensuring these rights are realized. This paper discusses how the community can play an active role in political participation, oversight of the government, and in demanding their rights. The challenges faced by the community in carrying out this role, as well as efforts to increase community participation, are also reviewed.

This study discusses the material on the relationship between multicultural education and the democratic political system in Indonesia from the perspective of Islamic Religious Education. Multicultural education adheres to the principle of equality of rights and degrees in education, regardless of differences in ethnicity, race, religion and culture. Meanwhile, in the existing democratic political system in Indonesia, adhering to the Pancasila Democracy system which holds the principle of difference is the capital of unity, different but still one in the frame of freedom for each individual to choose the direction of democracy and politics, but does not cause division in one unit as a child of the nation. The results of this study show that there is a strong relationship between multicultural education and the democratic political system in Indonesia based on the perspective of Islamic Religious Education, the relationship is as follows: 1) Divine relationship, 2) Justice relationship, 3) Equal relationship of rights and degrees, and 4) Independence relationship.

General elections for regional heads are a means of democracy to obtain regional heads based on the principles of direct, general, free, confidential, honest and fair elections. In the general election process for regional heads there are 4 (four) types of handling violations, in this case criminal election violations, administrative violations. Elections, Violations of the Code of Ethics and other Violations of Laws, in implementing Violation Handling must pay attention to the principle of equality before the law that all people must be treated equally before the law. This principle is one of the important principles in Indonesia as a rule of law. equality before the law must be implemented There is no exception in the process of handling campaign violations at places of worship during the regional general election process, but in reality there are differences in legal sanctions applied to election participants at the provincial and district or city levels related to campaign violations at places of worship.

Regional Head Elections (Pilkada) are a manifestation of people's sovereignty and the implementation of democracy in Indonesia, as stipulated in the 1945 Constitution. This study examines the role of the Constitutional Court (MK) in resolving disputes over regional election results. The method used is normative juridical legal research, analyzing relevant regulations and literature. The MK holds permanent authority to adjudicate Pilkada disputes, replacing the Supreme Court. The impact of MK's decisions includes the implementation of Re-voting (PSU), which strengthens the legitimacy of Pilkada results and influences local political stability. However, challenges such as the complexity of evidence and reliance on the MK highlight weaknesses in the oversight system.  

Social media has changed the way people communicate and share information, opening up great opportunities as well as challenges such as hoaxes and polarization. In Indonesia, these platforms have become important spaces for public discussion, especially in politics. Wise management is needed for social media to support transparency, accountability and democracy. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of social media in constitutional dispute resolution, identify challenges that arise, and provide recommendations for wise management so that social media can support transparency, accountability, and democratic principles. This research uses a normative method. Social media has a major role in constitutional disputes, both as a tool for information dissemination and a space for public discussion. On the one hand, social media helps transparency, participation, and community mobilization in constitutional issues. However, on the other hand, it also poses challenges such as disinformation, hoaxes, and political polarization that can escalate conflicts. Regulation and supervision are needed to address the misuse of social media without compromising freedom of expression. Digital literacy education is also important to encourage responsible use of social media, so that it can be a tool to support democracy and peaceful dispute resolution. Social media can worsen the political situation through hoaxes and hate speech. Therefore, clear regulations are needed to prevent abuse without reducing freedom of speech. Policy reforms that balance surveillance and freedom of expression are important, with collaboration between the government, platforms and communities to create a safe digital space. Digital literacy also needs to be improved so that people can sort out information and support political stability.

This study analyzes the differences between the neoliberal and social democratic paradigms in poverty alleviation policies in Indonesia, by adding an Islamic Economic perspective as an alternative. The neoliberal paradigm focuses on free market mechanisms, deregulation, and minimizing the role of the state, but often exacerbates social inequality. In contrast, the social democratic paradigm balances the role of the market and state intervention through resource redistribution and protection of vulnerable groups through sustainable social programs. Islamic economics offers a complementary approach oriented towards the principles of distributive justice, balance, and solidarity, by integrating spiritual values ​​into socio-economic policies. A qualitative approach is used in this study, with policy analysis of programs such as the Family Hope Program (PKH) and the National Health Insurance (JKN). The results show that the social democratic paradigm is more effective in reducing poverty systemically than neoliberalism, especially through increasing access to education, health, and social protection. However, budget constraints, corruption, and infrastructure gaps remain significant challenges. The Islamic Economic perspective emphasizes the importance of zakat, waqf, and infaq as instruments of wealth redistribution that have the potential to strengthen inclusive and sustainable poverty alleviation policies. This study recommends strengthening the synergy between the paradigm of social democracy and the values ​​of Islamic Economics to create policies that are more effective, equitable, and oriented towards the welfare of society holistically.  

General Election (Pemilu) is a fundamental pillar of democracy that often faces various challenges, including legal violations that undermine its integrity. To overcome this, the Integrated Law Enforcement Center (Gakkumdu) was formed as a collaboration between Bawaslu, the Police, and the Attorney General's Office to accelerate the handling of election violations. However, the strict handling time limit of 14 working days is a major challenge in achieving fair and effective decisions. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the handling time of election violations by Gakkumdu and identify the inhibiting factors. Using a descriptive-analytical qualitative method, this study found that the main obstacles include inter-agency coordination, sectoral ego, limited human resources, and lack of supporting technology. In addition, differences in legal interpretation and low public legal awareness also slowed down the enforcement process. In conclusion, the effectiveness of Gakkumdu handling time is not optimal and requires policy reform. Recommendations include simplifying procedures, cross-agency training, utilizing technology, and educating the public. These reforms are expected to improve election integrity and support a fairer democracy.

This activity aims to increase the capacity and competence of the Polling Station Supervisory Committee (PTPS) in Ranteangin District, North Kolaka Regency. PTPS plays an important role in ensuring the implementation of honest, fair, and transparent elections. However, limited understanding of election regulations and procedures is a challenge in carrying out supervisory duties. The method used in this program is debriefing, which includes providing structured material regarding election regulations, supervision techniques, handling violations, and reporting procedures. The debriefing was attended by 10 participants from all villages/sub-districts in Ranteangin District. The results of the evaluation showed a significant increase in the participants' understanding and skills related to their duties and responsibilities as PTPS. This program is expected to strengthen the role of PTPS in maintaining the integrity of the electoral process and supporting the realization of quality democracy at the local level

This research aims to instill and strengthen the spirit of democracy and nationalism in every student. When they have the spirit of democracy and nationalism, their love for the nation and enthusiasm for fighting for this nation will be strong and great. One effort to instill a spirit of democracy and nationalism in the next generation is by learning Pancasila and citizenship education. The type of method used in this article is a literature review. The writing of this literature review adopts national articles published on various journal provider platforms on a national scale which discuss the importance of increasing democratic values ​​and nationalism in students through learning Pancasila and citizenship education. The results of the research show that increasing democratic values ​​and nationalism in students through learning Pancasila and citizenship education shows a positive direction. This means that students who have received Pancasila and citizenship education material have experienced a good improvement in their democratic attitudes and nationalist feelings. This learning is implemented in Indonesia with the aim of forming students into individuals who have strong character and are based on the values ​​of Pancasila, who have faith and devotion to God Almighty, have global diversity, mutual cooperation, independence, critical reasoning and creativity. Apart from that, through Pancasila and citizenship education we are present to provide in-depth understanding from teachers about the essence of Pancasila and the urgency of citizenship education.

This study aims to find out how the Implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project in the Independent Curriculum Class XI at Wira Bhakti Gorontalo Integrated High School and find out what factors affect the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project in the Independent Curriculum Class XI. By using a qualitative research method, a Descriptive approach with a Narative Inquiry research design. Data collection techniques through interviews, observations and documentation. Data analysis is carried out by means of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that Wira Bhakti Gorontalo Integrated High School has carried out the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project with the theme: Build the Soul and Body, Bhineka Tunggal Ika, Sustainable Lifestyle, Voice of Democracy, and Entrepreneurship.  The implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project has been running effectively and has undergone development. Its implementation has instilled the character of Pancasila. The factors that affect its implementation are supporting factors consisting of student motivation, support of parents/guardians of students, school environment, the existence of facilities and infrastructure, and cooperation with external parties/agencies. The inhibiting factors consist of teacher training related to P5, and the limitation of time and project schedules.