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The era of digitalization has brought significant changes in various aspects of life, including in security management. The wider application of digital technology requires an adaptive and innovative security approach to deal with evolving threats. In the context of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), the implementation of national values in digital security management is very important. These values include unity, integrity, justice, democracy and diversity, which are the foundations of NKRI. This research aims to analyze the importance of security management in the digitalization era based on the NKRI's national values.The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, with a literature study approach and document analysis related to digital security policies in Indonesia. The analysis focused on how NKRI national values are implemented in security management strategies and practices to face digital security challenges. The results show that the integration of national values in digital security management plays an important role in strengthening national resilience in the digital space. The implementation of national values helps in building a digital security system that is not only technically robust, but also responsive to Indonesia's social and cultural dynamics. This includes the development of inclusive cybersecurity policies, digital security education for diverse communities, and strengthening collaboration between sectors to strengthen the national digital security ecosystem.

The objective of this study is to assess the performance of the DANA application as an electronic wallet and analyse the effect of managing the application's securities on user decision-making when using the application in the setting of the digital economy based on the sovereignty of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). The study method employed was a qualitative literature review. The data was acquired by consulting relevant scholarly publications on Google Scholar to thoroughly comprehend the advancement of knowledge about the subject matter and identify areas of research that require further exploration. The hypothesis analysis revealed a significant correlation between the advantages of the digital economy, the growth of the digital economy, and the factors affecting the utilisation of E-Wallets or Dana apps within the Homeland. The development of the digital economy enhanced a nation's ability to withstand challenges by promoting economic sovereignty, cybersecurity and inclusive economic growth. Various factors, including data security and the rise of the digital economy, affected the utilisation of Dana applications. In addition, these factors affected the execution of national values. Utilising the Dana application as a digital wallet strengthened the nation's economic sovereignty and enhanced well-being and financial inclusivity across all segments of Indonesian society. Hence, comprehending the security management of the application and users' perspective regarding it is crucial in affecting users' trust and their decision to embrace the Dana application as their preferred E-Wallet for supporting the NKRI sovereignty-based digital economy.

In the constantly advancing era of digitalisation, ensuring cyber security has become essential in preserving the integrity, confidentiality, and accessibility of organisational data. The primary focus of this research is to emphasise the importance of cybersecurity awareness in safeguarding systems and information. The 1945 Constitution serves as the primary governing document for the government and legal system. The 1945 Constitution enacts legislation that ensures freedom of expression, a pertinent principle in cyber security. This research aimed to examine the role of security management in enhancing cyber security by applying principles in accordance with the 1945 Constitution. This research identified the factors affecting cyber security awareness and proposed strategies to enhance user awareness through a comprehensive literature review and examined recent findings. Security management is essential for guaranteeing the security of IT systems and infrastructure. Based on a literature review, this study determined the role of security management in assisting organisations in identifying, managing, and addressing security threats effectively. In addition, the hypothesised findings concluded that advancing cyber security in Indonesia is a fundamental aspect of state sovereignty, as stated in the 1945 Constitution and the principle of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). These findings demonstrated the significance of comprehending cyber security for users and organisations and the necessity of international cooperation in the realm of national security in cyber. By gaining a more comprehensive comprehension of the function of security management, it is anticipated that organisations can enhance security protocols and mitigate security vulnerabilities as they confront the challenges of the present digital age.

Blockchain, originally developed as the technology behind cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, has gained attention for its potential to revolutionize cybersecurity. It offers a promising solution to the vulnerabilities of centralized systems by decentralizing data storage and implementing advanced encryption techniques. Blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies have presented significant challenges in the realm of cyber law to regulate them in the future, varying blockchain and crypto regulatory approaches in various countries, including regulations on crypto exchanges, ICOs, and compliance with anti- money laundering ( AML) regulations. and getting to know customers (KYC). explores the issue of data protection in blockchain transactions and i ts implications for cyber law, as well as the legality and enforcement of smart contracts. the impact of cryptocurrency use on cyber law, including challenges in tax compliance, law enforcement, and consumer protection. In the midst of various complexities regarding the direction of regulation of blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies in cyber law. with blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies and prepare views to face future challenges.

The rapid development of smart city initiatives has significantly increased the adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to enhance urban services, infrastructure efficiency, and quality of life. However, the large-scale deployment of interconnected IoT devices also introduces critical cybersecurity challenges, including unauthorized access, data breaches, and system vulnerabilities. This study aims to develop an integrated IoT security management model to improve cybersecurity resilience in smart city environments. The research adopts a Design Science Research (DSR) approach, which involves problem identification, literature analysis, model design, implementation, and evaluation. The proposed model incorporates key security components such as Identity and Access Management (IAM), device authentication, secure communication through encryption, firmware and patch management, and continuous monitoring with intrusion detection mechanisms. The model is evaluated through simulation in smart city scenarios, including transportation systems, environmental monitoring, and energy management. The results demonstrate significant improvements in security performance, with increases in threat detection rate, vulnerability reduction, access control effectiveness, and system stability under attack conditions. Quantitative analysis shows improvements of up to 37% compared to conventional approaches, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed model in mitigating IoT-related cybersecurity risks. This study contributes by providing a comprehensive and scalable framework for IoT device security management, which can be applied to enhance the reliability and sustainability of smart city systems. Future research is recommended to validate the model in real-world implementations and integrate advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence for predictive threat detection.

This article examines the growing cybersecurity challenges accompanying digital innovation and how strategic management can mitigate risks. Through case studies of cyberattacks on innovative technologies, the study outlines best practices for risk assessment, incident response, and integrating security into the innovation lifecycle. Findings emphasize the need for a proactive approach to cybersecurity in digital innovation strategies.

The rapid evolution of smart cities, driven by the integration of technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain, has brought about significant advancements in urban infrastructure and services. However, these developments also introduce new cybersecurity challenges. Introduction: Smart cities are increasingly vulnerable to cyber threats due to the extensive use of interconnected devices and systems. A key security concern is the management of digital identities, which is essential for maintaining the integrity and reliability of city services. Literature Review: Traditional centralized identity management systems face significant security issues, including a single point of failure, data breaches, and limited user control over personal information. In contrast, decentralized solutions, particularly blockchain-based systems, offer enhanced security through their distributed nature, eliminating vulnerabilities associated with centralized models. Materials and Method: This research focuses on blockchain technology’s application in smart city identity management. A decentralized framework is proposed, leveraging cryptographic techniques, consensus mechanisms, and smart contracts to ensure data security, integrity, and privacy. Results and Discussion: The implementation of blockchain for identity management significantly improves attack tolerance, data integrity, and transparency. The decentralized approach mitigates the risks associated with central authorities, ensuring that user data remains secure and verifiable. However, scalability, interoperability, and regulatory compliance challenges remain. Blockchain solutions must be optimized for large-scale smart city applications and aligned with legal standards to achieve widespread adoption. Future research should focus on overcoming these challenges to create a more secure and resilient smart city infrastructure.

This study investigates how IoT (Internet of Things) technologies enable innovative business models in smart enterprises. By exploring use cases in manufacturing, healthcare, and retail, the research highlights opportunities for operational efficiency and new revenue streams. Challenges related to data management, interoperability, and cybersecurity are also discussed.

Smart grids incorporate IoT devices that enhance energy management, monitoring, and overall grid efficiency. However, this interconnectivity also increases vulnerability to cybersecurity threats, posing risks to critical infrastructure. This research investigates the implementation of blockchain technology to secure data transactions within IoT-based smart grids. By leveraging blockchain's decentralized, tamper-resistant characteristics, the study demonstrates improvements in data integrity and cybersecurity for smart grids, providing a potential framework for resilient and secure energy infrastructures.

This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. The journal was alerted to issues within this article, including significant overlap in content, methodology, and visual materials with another previously published article: "Social Engineering Attack Classifications on Social Media Using Deep Learning" (DOI: 10.32604/cmc.2023.032373) published in Computers, Materials & Continua in 2023. Upon thorough investigation, it was found that the article substantially reproduces ideas, methodologies, and figures from the original work without proper attribution, violating the ethical standards of the journal and academic publishing. The authors were contacted and asked to provide an explanation for these concerns. The corresponding author acknowledged the oversight and accepted responsibility for the duplication. Consequently, the authors formally requested the withdrawal of the paper. As per journal policy, the Editor-in-Chief has decided to retract the article due to a breach of publication ethics. The journal sincerely regrets that these issues were not detected during the manuscript screening and review process and apologizes to the authors of the original article, as well as to the readers of the journal. For more information on the journal’s ethical policies, please visit: Retraction Policy.

The rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) and edge computing technologies has introduced new security challenges due to the distributed, heterogeneous, and dynamic nature of these environments. Conventional static security mechanisms, such as rulebased authentication and fixed trust models, are often inadequate for addressing evolving threats and abnormal behaviors in largescale IoT systems. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes a machine learningbased trust evaluation framework for enhancing security in distributed IoT environments. The proposed approach dynamically assesses the trustworthiness of IoT nodes by analyzing behavioral and interactionbased features collected at the edge layer. Machine learning models are trained to classify nodes into trusted and malicious categories and continuously update trust values in response to changing network conditions. Based on the predicted trust levels, adaptive security decisions are enforced to allow or restrict node participation in data sharing and computation processes. A quantitative experimental evaluation is conducted using simulated distributed IoT scenarios that include both normal and malicious behaviors. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated using standard metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1score, and detection effectiveness, and is compared against conventional static trust and rulebased security mechanisms. The results demonstrate that the proposed machine learningbased trust evaluation approach achieves significantly higher detection accuracy and robustness while maintaining low computational overhead. Overall, the findings confirm that integrating machine learning into trust management provides an effective and scalable solution for securing distributed IoT systems under dynamic and adversarial conditions.

This research aimed to explore information related to the misuse of computer technology for criminal activities in the novel Simvlacrm by Cassandra & Noorca Marendra Massardi. With the goal of preventing similar cybercriminal actions in real life, this research employed a descriptive method, involving activities such as reading, analyzing, and writing key points from the literary work. The primary findings encompass the misuse of computer technology as a tool for cybercrime, particularly in the forms of hoaxes and wiretapping. It is anticipated that this research will contribute to a deeper understanding of the potential risks of computer technology to cybersecurity

The existence of digital transformation in the development of the world, makes the maritime industry increasingly rely on technology to carry out navigation, communication, and logistics intermediaries. As the maritime industry continues to adopt digitalization and adapt, the need for strategy as well as strengthening cybersecurity becomes critical for the country. The increase in cybercrime and its vulnerabilities should make Indonesia more aggressively address or anticipate this problem. Although it is proven that indonesia in its initiation of a cybersecurity strategy has increased, Indonesia is seen as still lacking to show the nation's commitment in terms of cyber security, when compared to data from NCIS (National Cyber security Index) from 2016-2023 Indonesia is still far below its neighbor, Malaysia, which is also a maritime country. Through a qualitative approach, this article aims to explain the urgency of cybersecurity in the maritime sector, highlighting challenges and solutions to protect ships, ports, and maritime infrastructure from cyber threats in Indonesia.

Cybersecurity (or cyber security) is a series of efforts made to protect computer systems or digital networks from cyber attacks or unauthorized access. Threats to cyber security include virus attacks, phishing, denial-of-service (DDoS), hacking, and unauthorized access. Cyber ​​security is critical as more and more organizations and individuals rely on information technology in their operations. Cyber ​​security includes network security, application security, data security, identity security, and physical security. Cyber ​​security efforts involve identifying, preventing, responding to, and recovering from cyber attacks. The more complex cyber threats become, the more important it is to improve cyber security and protect systems from damage or data theft.  

Unauthorized communication interception constitutes a violation of privacy rights protected by the constitution and human rights principles. The development of digital technology has increased the potential for illegal interception of public communications and personal data. This study aims to analyze the forms of legal protection for victims of illegal communication wiretapping and the effectiveness of Indonesian positive law in providing remedies for victims. The research employed a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches. Legal materials were collected through library research consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources. The results indicate that legal protection for victims of illegal wiretapping has been regulated under the Electronic Information and Transactions Law and the Personal Data Protection Law. However, the implementation of such protection still faces several challenges, particularly related to digital evidence, low public cybersecurity literacy, and the lack of optimal compensation mechanisms for victims. Existing legal protection remains more focused on punishing offenders rather than comprehensively restoring victims’ rights. Therefore, regulatory harmonization and strengthening of privacy protection mechanisms are necessary to ensure more effective legal protection for victims of illegal wiretapping.  

Information security and asset protection have become top priorities in the banking industry today. Bank JABAR (Jawa Barat), as one of the leading banks in the region, also recognizes the importance of effective security management. The objective of this research is to examine the implementation of vital objects, file security, and cyber security at Bank JABAR. This research uses a descriptive analysis method by studying the policies and practices implemented by Bank JABAR in information security. Data collection techniques include documentation study and interviews that cover security policies, guidelines, and procedures at Bank JABAR.  The results of this research indicate that Bank JABAR has implemented vital objects by identifying critical assets or information and giving them appropriate protection priority. File security is implemented through strict access policies, data encryption, regular data backup and recovery, as well as secure data disposal. Cyber security is carried out through firewall policies, intrusion detection systems, continuous network monitoring, and regular system security updates. In conclusion, Bank JABAR has taken important steps in the implementation of vital objects, file security, and cyber security. However, there is a need for ongoing efforts to enhance security awareness, involve more intensive training, and adopt a proactive approach to information security.

The financial sector is undergoing rapid digital transformation, driven by innovations in digital banking, fintech, and AI-driven solutions. This transformation has significant implications for consumer trust and data security. This paper explores the impact of these technological advancements on customer confidence in financial institutions, especially in light of recent data breaches and cybersecurity threats. By analyzing regulatory responses and cybersecurity frameworks, the study emphasizes the critical need for robust protections to build and maintain consumer trust in digital finance. Findings indicate that enhanced security measures and regulatory oversight are essential in safeguarding data and supporting the sustainable growth of digital finance.

Smart wearable technologies are becoming essential tools for real-time health monitoring, offering a new dimension of personalized medicine. Wearable devices equipped with biosensors, artificial intelligence, and Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity can continuously track vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen levels, and even detect early symptoms of diseases. This paper explores the latest advancements in wearable health technology, including flexible electronics, energy-efficient data processing, and integration with telemedicine platforms. Additionally, ethical concerns such as data privacy, cybersecurity risks, and user adoption challenges are discussed. The study provides insights into how smart wearables can be effectively utilized for preventive healthcare, chronic disease management, and real-time health diagnostics.