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This study examines the role of digital cooperatives and MSMEs in driving business modernization to strengthen Indonesia's economy. Cooperatives and MSMEs are essential for economic growth and community welfare, significantly contributing to Indonesia's GDP and employment. However, they face challenges in modernization due to limited technology access and management issues. Using a systematic literature review, this research analyzes the influence of digital transformation on cooperatives and MSMEs, identifying digital technology adoption, collaborative approaches, and governmental support as key factors in modernization. Findings highlight that a structured digital framework, social capital, and policy backing enable cooperatives and MSMEs to enhance operational efficiency, resilience, and competitiveness. This modernization model offers insights into fostering a sustainable, inclusive economy through digitalized cooperative structures. The research underscores the need for ongoing digital adaptation, emphasizing cooperatives' dual role in community development and economic resilience.

Salary reform as a structural improvement in a company’s compensation system is a widely applied strategy to enhance employee motivation and performance. Compensation policies that are responsive to employee needs are expected to create a work environment that supports productivity, where intrinsic motivation can be strengthened through fair and proportional rewards. This study aims to explore the extent of the influence of salary reform on improving employee motivation and performance within organizations by using a literature review method. Based on analyses of previous studies, it was found that salary reform not only plays a significant role in fostering employees' intrinsic motivation but also impacts the overall productivity of the organization. Reforms that include salary structure adjustments, performance-based incentives, and increased transparency in compensation management have proven effective in reducing disparities, enhancing loyalty, and improving workplace climate. These findings strongly imply that management should continuously develop adaptive compensation policies focused on employee needs and well-being, with the aim of optimally contributing to achieving the company’s strategic goals and enhancing organizational competitiveness.

Indonesia is a country with a high level of earthquake vulnerability, thus demanding innovation in building structural engineering that is not only safe but also environmentally friendly. In the context of sustainable development, bamboo as an abundant local material is starting to gain attention as an alternative to conventional materials. Bamboo, when processed into composites in the form of fibers or in combination with thermoplastic and thermoset polymers, has been proven to have superior mechanical properties, including tensile strength, stiffness, and resistance to chemical degradation. In addition, the characteristics of water absorption that are controlled through certain treatments make bamboo composites more competitive compared to synthetic materials. The application of bamboo composites in construction is not only limited to new materials in structural elements, but also effective in retrofitting methods. For example, recent research shows the potential of bamboo composites in strengthening reinforced concrete beams and improving the performance of frame systems in earthquake-resistant structures. In line with this, seismic design regulations and standards such as the comparison between SNI 1726:2012 and SNI 1726:2019 demonstrate the importance of adapting structural designs to local seismic conditions. The integration of bamboo composite materials with structural capacity analysis, numerical simulation, and pushover analysis methods has yielded promising results for improving building resilience to dynamic loads. Beyond technical aspects, this approach also supports environmental objectives. Several studies have even developed eco-friendly home prototypes utilizing innovative material combinations, including geopolymer blocks and natural fibers. Thus, the use of bamboo composites not only provides a technical solution to earthquake challenges but also contributes to global efforts to reduce the carbon footprint of the construction sector.

This study aims to analyze and enhance the effectiveness of Human Resource Management (HRM) at PT Indonesia Kyouei Saikyu, particularly in aspects of employee productivity, retention, and the company's competitive edge. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study method, involving in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The findings indicate that improving employee retention strategies, optimizing training programs, and adopting technology in performance management positively impact employee productivity and loyalty. Additionally, strengthening organizational culture and structured career development have been proven to enhance job satisfaction and employee commitment to the company. The implementation of these recommendations is expected to help PT Indonesia Kyouei Saikyu achieve a stronger competitive advantage in an increasingly competitive global market. Therefore, the company can more effectively manage its HR assets, ensuring sustainability and long-term growth.    

This study examines the impact of Social Media Marketing, Celebrity Endorsement, and Electronic Word of Mouth (E-WOM) on consumer purchase intention for Mustika Ratu beauty products in Semarang, Indonesia. The research employs a quantitative approach, with 97 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected via structured questionnaires, and the analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression, t-tests, F-tests, and the coefficient of determination in SPSS. The results indicate that Social Media Marketing and E-WOM both have a positive and significant impact on consumer purchase intention. In contrast, Celebrity Endorsement was found to have a negative and insignificant effect on purchase intention. When considered simultaneously, all three variables significantly influence consumer purchase intention. These findings highlight the increasing role of digital engagement, particularly through social media platforms and online peer reviews, in shaping consumer behavior in the beauty industry. The study also points out that, despite the popularity of celebrity endorsements, their influence on purchasing decisions may not always be as impactful as digital marketing strategies and E-WOM, which appear to resonate more strongly with consumers. Additionally, the research provides valuable insights into the digital marketing strategies in the Indonesian beauty sector, particularly how local beauty brands like Mustika Ratu can leverage social media and online word-of-mouth to strengthen their market positioning. This study offers practical recommendations for businesses aiming to improve their marketing strategies by focusing on online engagement and consumer feedback, which are critical in today’s highly competitive and digitally-driven consumer environment. The findings contribute to the broader literature on the effectiveness of digital marketing in the Indonesian market and suggest potential areas for further research into consumer behavior in the beauty industry.

This study aims to investigate how the financial achievements of Indonesian regional authorities are influenced by capital expenditure and PAD. The study employs the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology. This method is used to ascertain, research, assess, and interpret any surviving studies relating to interesting phenomena using specific relevant research problems. SLRs can be used to find journals and conduct thorough reviews, each procedure adhering to standards or guidelines. In this study, 50 journals were used as references. The study's findings indicate Research findings prove that pure regional revenues provide important benefits regarding regional financial performance. This demonstrates how raising local real income can improve local governments' financial performance in satisfying development and community demands. On the other side, capital spending also significantly improves local governments' financial performance. This means that a rise in capital spending can strengthen the regional development structure and increase the competitiveness of the local economy. This research provides policy implications that “municipal authorities must focus on" pay attention to the diversification of local original income and increase fund distribution for capital investments to support economic growth and community welfare. In addition, this research also indicates the significance of effective and transparent financial management to achieve regional development goals in a sustainable manner.    

This research aims to analyze the structure of competitive forces and industrial clusters. Using Porter's five forces model framework, this research evaluates the key elements that influence competitiveness in a particular industry. This study also utilizes an industrial cluster approach to understand the dynamics of groups of companies operating in the same or related sectors. The research results show that factors such as the threat of new entrants, the bargaining power of suppliers, the bargaining power of buyers, the threat of substitute products, and competition between companies have a significant role in determining the structure of competition. In addition, industrial cluster analysis shows that synergy between companies in a cluster can increase operational efficiency and innovation, thereby strengthening competitive positions in the market. It is hoped that these findings will provide insight for companies and policy makers to formulate effective strategies in facing competition and exploiting the potential of industrial clusters.  

 Agricultural waste is often underutilized, despite its significant potential as a raw material for environmentally friendly products. This study aims to develop bioplastics from corn waste by utilizing locally sourced enzymatic technology as the main catalyst in the biomass conversion process. Corn waste in the form of cobs and post-shelling residues was first prepared through drying, grinding, and mild chemical pretreatment to loosen the lignocellulosic structure. Subsequently, enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out using local enzymes derived from indigenous microorganisms, which decomposed cellulose and hemicellulose into monomeric sugars. The hydrolyzed sugars were then fermented into natural polymers, molded using the solution casting method, and dried to form bioplastic sheets. The results revealed that the produced bioplastics possessed mechanical properties comparable to commercial PLA, with tensile strength of 45–50 MPa, an elastic modulus of 2.5 GPa, and elongation at break of 5–7. Biodegradability testing showed that the material degraded up to ±85 within 90 days, exceeding the minimum threshold of 80% considered satisfactory. These findings confirm that corn waste can be transformed into competitive and eco-friendly bioplastics, while also highlighting the potential of locally based enzymatic technology for industrial-scale applications. The implications of this research extend not only to reducing waste and plastic pollution but also to strengthening the circular economy through the utilization of renewable agricultural resources.

This qualitative study investigates the perspectives of 50 cadets enrolled in Indonesian transportation institutes on collaboration between transportation education and industry. The research reveals a high perceived importance of industry-academia collaboration, highlighting its value in providing real-world experience and industry insights. However, challenges such as curriculum misalignment, limited practical training opportunities, and ineffective industry feedback mechanisms hinder effective collaboration. Recommendations include strengthening collaboration through internships and industry projects, regularly reviewing and updating curricula, expanding practical training opportunities, establishing structured industry feedback mechanisms, providing professional development for educators, and promoting lifelong learning. Implementing these recommendations can enhance collaboration, improve education programme relevance, and better prepare students for the transportation sector's demands. This research contributes to the development of a skilled workforce, driving the growth and competitiveness of the transportation industry in Indonesia.

Product packaging design is an important factor that can strengthen MSME branding in increasingly competitive business competition. An attractive and quality packaging design differentiates it from competitors. For this reason, community service was carried out to find out the extent to which Galo-Galo Village UKM players understand the importance of product packaging redesign. The aim of this activity is to build brand awareness from the redesign of the product packaging being launched. The method of activity is through socialization and assistance in redesigning product packaging that is more attractive to consumers by choosing one of the superior products. The external target is to create alternative product packaging, one of the superior products, namely Natural Soap, produced by UKM Galo-Galo Village. The results of community service regarding packaging redesign are related to shape, structure, materials, colors, images, typography and design elements with product information so that the product can be marketed. Packaging redesign in the form of redesigning old packaging into new packaging to make it more attractive, so that it has maximum function to wrap, protect, send, issue, store, identify and differentiate a product on the market.

Counseling, Mentoring and Empowerment are activities to increase community participation in meeting life's needs to resolve problems experienced by the community. Activities are carried out through the Real Work Lecture (KKN) program, which is a community service-based activity to increase student empathy for the conditions of society and the environment. Science KKN is carried out in Kemlagi District, Mojokerto Regency using service methods such as counseling, training and group mentoring. The results show that there is a positive response from village stakeholders and high active participation from the community, including taking part in an extension program with four activities, namely structuring Village Administration, Legal Awareness, Empowering MSMEs, and Learning Innovation. Apart from that, there are several outputs produced: (1) Strengthening data recording, archiving and reporting Village finances correctly (2) Increasing order, peace, security and justice in Village social life (3) Development of quality, competitiveness and added value of production home and halal certification (4) There has been an increase in discipline and participation in the teaching and learning process in an orderly and structured manner.

This research is in-depth about the crucial role of communication in rebuilding and maintaining the solidarity of the Karang Taruna organization in Kedung Kampil Village Rw.04, Porong District, Sidoarjo Regency, after experiencing a period of hiatus from 2015 to 2019. The focus of the research is aimed at the efforts of Ahmad Syafi'udin, The chairman of Karang Taruna, in approaching village youth, forms a clear organizational structure and establishes effective communication. The success of this organization in 2019 reflects the positive impact of establishing a good structure, increasing village youth participation, and implementing various programs, including regular flights every Friday, building sports facilities, commemorating the Republic of Indonesia's Independence Day, and utilizing YouTube social media. The importance of the role of communication in maintaining solidarity is the main highlight, with this research trying to provide an understanding to Karang Taruna members about the significance of communication in developing a better organization. Analysis of communication patterns implemented by the Karang Taruna organization in Kedung Kampil Village is the focus for answering the research problem formulation. In responding to challenges, this organization adopted a revitalization strategy through efforts to increase internal and external communication, improve organizational structure, and design more measurable work programs. In addition, this research discusses the impact of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 on the global business ecosystem, with an emphasis on data technology. The structural transformation of organizations, the application of artificial intelligence, and changes in the paradigm of global business interactions are the central points. The research conclusions show that a deep understanding of these changes is the key to ensuring business sustainability and competitiveness in the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0. In recommendations, the study advises companies to invest in human resources skilled in data technology and artificial intelligence and strengthen cross-border partnerships to face challenges and exploit emerging opportunities

Semarang Regency has been declared by the Central Java Provincial Government as a pioneering MICE destination in 2019. This opportunity must be utilized by the Regional Government and all related stakeholders because MICE can provide multiple effects that drive the wheels of the economic industry, especially in tourist destination areas. This study aims to analyze the potential of MICE in Semarang Regency in terms of the 4 (four) aspects of MICE elements which consist of: (i). accessibility, (ii). attractiveness, (iii). amenity, (iv). human resources and stakeholder support, as well as reviewing MICE development policy strategies in order to increase tourism competitiveness in Semarang Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach and the research method used is phenomenological deductive. Data analysis was carried out descriptively which was sharpened using SWOT analysis so that a structured and comprehensive policy strategy study could be produced. Based on the research results, it can be seen that Semarang Regency has the potential to be developed into a tourism-based MICE destination. Through an examination of the four elements of MICE, a number of advantages can be identified which are the basis for developing MICE activities in Semarang Regency. What then becomes important is to build a collaborative strategy between all stakeholders involved in MICE which is supported by technical strategies in each element of MICE, and also the most important thing is to strengthen human resources and support systems that are mutually reinforcing and implemented on an ongoing basis.

In the development of the economy, the State of Indonesia experienced a change in the structure of the economy from an agricultural basis to an industrial one, which resulted in many benefits from these changes. The industrial sector has a close relationship with the economy of a country because the progress of the industrial sector is an indicator of the success of a country's economy. Descriptive methods are used to analyze physical and social phenomena and the readiness of an area to become a cluster. The analysis reveals that cluster policies are implemented by national and regional cluster programs. It was also determined that an important element of the cluster policy is the identification of sources of finance and the people responsible for implementing the program. The instrument can be applied by cluster policy actors which are defined in a broad sense, namely business, associations, government actors. In the industrial world, there are five industrial forces in determining the competition of an industry. The method used to determine the strength of the industry based on external factors of the company.

Research on the influence of business and entrepreneurial characteristics on the general performance of the fisheries processing industry is more specifically reviewed and also researched from an area in Sulawesi, more precisely South Sulawesi Indonesia's large capture fisheries potential can be used as an opportunity to build a fish processing industry, especially in South Sulawesi Province which has a spatial structure policy that supports the fisheries subsector as a superior subsector. Based on the SWOT analysis, strategies that can be applied to encourage the development of the fish processing industry in South Sulawesi Province include strengthening integrated fish processing groups, utilizing and maintaining available catch handling facilities, developing market reach, facilitating administrative access to the establishment of fish processing industries, and increasing the competitiveness of production volumes of fishermen's catches in South Sulawesi Province.South Sulawesi has a specificity in superior products and the quality of human resources, so the policies implemented in the national are not necessarily suitable for South Sulawesi. An appropriate and comprehensive strategy for the development of MSME iin the fisheries processing industry in order to improve their performance in South Sulawesi Province needs to be determined using a way that is in accordance with realistic circumstances and can be applied in reality.

Industry clusters, which consist of a group of companies related geographically and sectorally, have become the focus of attention in regional economic and business strategy studies. This study uses an industrial structure analysis approach to understand the strength of competition within an industry cluster. Some of the factors analyzed include the level of industry concentration, new entries, bargaining power of buyers and suppliers, as well as product or service substitution. The data used in this study includes information about the companies that are members of the industrial cluster studied. The research method used includes secondary data collection, such as company financial reports, industry data, and related publications. In addition, interviews with industry stakeholders were also conducted to gain deeper insights into the structure of competitive forces and the factors that influence industrial clusters. The results of the analysis show that the structure of competitive forces in industry clusters can vary depending on the industrial sector studied. This research contributes to our understanding of how the structure of competitive forces and industry clusters can shape a competitive business environment, as well as providing useful insights for the development of effective business strategies within industry clusters.    

This community service aims to develop human resources to improve employee performance at PT Insan Ki Angka. This activity was carried out in November 2021, using training and development methods which included workshops, skills training and mentoring programs. This method is applied on an ongoing basis to ensure effective transfer of knowledge and skills to employees. The results of the activities show that human resource development through comprehensive and ongoing training can significantly improve employee performance, operational efficiency and job satisfaction. While there are challenges such as limited training time and variations in technology skills, the benefits are far greater. Therefore, it is recommended that companies continue to implement structured HR development programs and provide ongoing support for employees, as well as ensure that adequate facilities and resources are available to support the implementation of new knowledge. These steps will help the company achieve its vision and mission and strengthen its competitiveness in the market.

Husna Roti is a business specializing in cakes and bakery products that has been operating for nine years in Desa Purwosari, Comal District, Pemalang Regency. As part of a community service program, faculty members and students are involved in providing assistance to help develop this business. The program includes various improvement efforts, particularly in the areas of marketing and human resource management. The actions taken include creating Grabfood and Instagram accounts to expand the digital market, making official stamps, obtaining halal certification, and producing promotional videos and documenting the production process. Additionally, the company profile and organizational structure were prepared to strengthen management. Financial reports and cost of goods sold calculations were also made to optimize cost management. Through this collaboration, the faculty members and students aim to provide concrete solutions to the challenges faced by Husna Roti. With this assistance, it is hoped that the quality of the products and the competitiveness in the market will improve, allowing the business to grow and positively impact the local economy.

Product distribution is a crucial element of the supply chain system that ensures the smooth flow of goods from producers to consumers at minimal cost and with high reliability. Distribution efficiency not only reduces operational costs but also improves customer satisfaction, market competitiveness, and business sustainability. In the context of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), distribution efficiency becomes even more critical due to limited financial, human, and infrastructural resources. This study aims to analyze the product distribution efficiency of UMKM Kerupuk Jaya Pesona, located in Cinanggung Village, Serang Regency, Banten Province, by applying two classical transportation methods: the North West Corner (NWC) and Least Cost (LC) methods. Both methods were used to determine the allocation pattern that minimizes total transportation cost across three destination regions: Serang, Cilegon, and Pandeglang. The data include three couriers (as supply sources) and three market destinations (as demands), totaling 18,000 product units per distribution cycle. The results show that both NWC and LC methods yield the same total transportation cost of Rp 358,000,000, although their allocation patterns differ. This indicates that the supply–demand and cost structure of the UMKM’s logistics system is balanced. This research concludes that simple optimization methods such as NWC and LC can serve as practical decision-support tools for MSMEs without requiring complex computational models. The study also recommends the application of the Modified Distribution (MODI) method to verify the optimality of the solution and highlights the importance of logistics efficiency in strengthening MSME competitiveness in the digital era.