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The purpose of writing this article is to determine the intersection of transformational leadership with visionary and situational leadership. This research uses a type of library research. Library research is research carried out by reviewing various journals and related reference books. The results of his research show that the transformative leadership model is a leadership model that can be an alternative to be applied in the current organizational system with various organizational dynamics and changes in line with the increasingly high demands of society. This is in line with the need for leaders who are able to bring about change. Transformative leadership is a leadership model that is different from traditional leadership models which view the relationship between leaders and employees (leadership and followership) as based solely on reward and punishment. A visionary leader is also understood as a leader who has a clear vision and mission in the organization. He has the ability to predict future events and express them in a clear and measurable vision and mission. Visionary leaders are able to raise the enthusiasm of their members with their motivation and imagination, to make the organization more alive and growing. Another situational leadership model is known as the Situational Contingency leadership model which revises the behavioral approach which is considered unable to explain ideal leadership. This approach illustrates that the style developed depends on the leader himself, the support of his followers, and a conducive situation. By analyzing the basic motivations of their subordinates, leaders can place them in appropriate situations. Transformative, visionary and situational leadership models have several elements in common, both in terms of systems, processes and objectives of Islamic Education Management. From the system side, there are elements of education unit leaders, educators, education staff, and various other elements; It is hoped that they can synergize in a process that is conducive to achieving goals.

Islamic education plays an important role in shaping a generation that is faithful, noble, and has a positive impact on society and Muslims in general. Harun al-Rashid, as one of the earliest thinkers, made a valuable contribution in this regard, with his concept of thought that is relevant to Islamic education today. This research aims to explain the concept of Harun Ar-Rashid's thoughts related to Islamic education and its relevance to the current context of Islamic education. The research method used is qualitative research with a literature study approach, exploring information from various sources such as literature, research reports, theses, dissertations, and electronic publications related to Harun Ar-Rashid's concept of thought on Islamic education and its relevance to the present. The results show that Harun al-Rashid's concept of Islamic education has significant inspirational value. A deep understanding of these concepts allows Islamic education to continue to develop and make a positive contribution amid the dynamics of modern times. In the midst of the complexity of the modern world, the values championed by Harun al-Rashid can be an important guideline in defining the role of Islamic education and achieving the expected noble goals.

Islamic education plays an important role in shaping a generation that is faithful, noble, and has a positive impact on society and Muslims in general. Harun al-Rashid, as one of the earliest thinkers, made a valuable contribution in this regard, with his concept of thought that is relevant to Islamic education today. This research aims to explain the concept of Harun Ar-Rashid's thoughts related to Islamic education and its relevance to the current context of Islamic education. The research method used is qualitative research with a literature study approach, exploring information from various sources such as literature, research reports, theses, dissertations, and electronic publications related to Harun Ar-Rashid's concept of thought on Islamic education and its relevance to the present. The results show that Harun al-Rashid's concept of Islamic education has significant inspirational value. A deep understanding of these concepts allows Islamic education to continue to develop and make a positive contribution amid the dynamics of modern times. In the midst of the complexity of the modern world, the values championed by Harun al-Rashid can be an important guideline in defining the role of Islamic education and achieving the expected noble goals.

The criminalization of cohabitation is a phenomenon that was recently appointed as a criminal offense in the Draft Criminal Code. Cohabitation, also known as "samen leven" or "living in nonmatrimonial union", refers to the act of living together outside of legal marriage. In this analysis, researchers focus on ethical, moral and legal aspects related to the criminalization of cohabitation. This research also examines how the criminalization of cohabitation can be seen as a step in the criminal law reform process which aims to encourage criminal law reform and meet the needs of the times. In this research, researchers also consider how the criminalization of cohabitation can affect the dynamics of Indonesian society and how Indonesian society sets regulations for themselves and for the benefit of the society concerned. This research method uses a normative legal approach and secondary data collection. The results of this research are that the act of cohabitation must be included in a container with clearer regulations, and the act of cohabitation in Indonesia is an act that is prohibited by all religions.

This research utilizes the library research method, which involves the use of library sources as the basis for collecting research data. These sources include books and scholarly journals relevant to the topic under investigation. The purpose of this research is to know and understand the implementation of entrepreneurial strategies in the context of education as a whole. This research discusses the implementation of entrepreneurial strategies in the context of education and how it can realize competitive dynamics in educational institutions. In this challenging era, educational institutions are required to not only produce academically qualified graduates, but also have the readiness to face the rapidly changing business world. The data collected was carefully analyzed to support the arguments built in this study. The findings of this study illustrate that the implementation of entrepreneurial strategies in education can create a dynamic and competitive atmosphere in educational institutions. This can be realized through building soft skills or entrepreneurial character, developing quality educational programs, and implementing effective marketing strategies. The implications of this research provide an important contribution in enriching the understanding of the importance of entrepreneurship integration in an educational context and how it can produce graduates who are ready to compete in an increasingly complex business world.

This research adopts a qualitative approach with a literature review design, exploring the interaction between media and Public Relations (PR) during crisis situations. Utilizing secondary data sources such as journals and books, this study investigates the factors influencing the collaboration between media and PR, as well as effective communication strategies in crisis management. Data analysis identifies common patterns, themes, and trends emerging from the reviewed literature, providing a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of the relationship between media and PR during crises. The research findings highlight the importance of transparency, prompt responsiveness, and solid collaboration between media and PR in effectively managing crises. The contribution of this study lies in deepening the understanding of the vital role of collaboration between media and PR in safeguarding the reputation and image of companies during crisis situations.

The scientific paper with the title arranging the song I want to follow Jesus in the quarted band ensemble playing in the GPdI Agave Bangun Service is research that discusses how to apply the branch of arrangement, namely reharmonization, to the composition I want to follow Jesus. This research uses qualitative research methods using observation, interviews and documentation. Arrangement comes from the Dutch word Arrangement, which means adjusting a musical composition to the number of singers' voices or musical instruments based on an existing composition so that the essence of the music does not change. The arrangements influence the formation of the rhythm and harmony produced by the quarted band ensemble at GPdI Agave Bangun. The results of the research show that the problem of this research is that the drum and bass, which are the main components in the quarted band ensemble, are out of sync between the two instruments which will affect the quality of the arrangement. The piano is often melodic but can also be an accompaniment instrument, the piano playing pattern becomes a rhythmic fulcrum that will change the character and dynamics of the song. Reharmonization of the piano chords is the main reason the writer arranged the song I want to follow Jesus by changing the character of the song from sad to straightforward. Substitution chord theory, voicing and slash chord techniques are the main ingredients for researchers in composing. The type of research used in this research is qualitative research, with the data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. The final result of this research is as reference material for church musicians to increase their repertoire of playing variations to accompany worship in the church.

The rapid development of information and communication technology has created a complex virtual environment known as cyberspace.  In this digital era, cyberspace has become the main arena for various activities, from communication, business, to social interaction.  However, this growth also poses serious challenges in managing these virtual spaces effectively.  The role of law is very important in responding to this challenge.  This study aims to explore the role of law in regulating cyberspace, as well as the associated challenges and opportunities.  The role of law in this context includes establishing regulations, law enforcement, and protecting individual rights in the digital environment.  The main challenges faced include the complex transnational nature of cybercrime, conflicting regulations between countries, as well as rapid legal adaptation to new technological developments.  However, there are also emerging opportunities in regulating cyberspace.  For example, the ability to apply a collaborative approach between states, the private sector and civil society in developing regulations that suit the unique characteristics of the digital environment.  Additionally, technology can also be used as a tool to improve law enforcement and empower individuals to protect their privacy and security online. This study uses a descriptive analysis approach to evaluate relevant literature and case studies in order to understand the dynamics of the role of law in regulating cyberspace. By understanding these challenges and opportunities, we can develop a more holistic and adaptive framework for governing cyberspace, thereby ensuring the sustainability and security of the digital environment in this digital era.

This paper investigates the stability characteristics of fractional order differential equations (FODEs) incorporating time delays. Using the Lyapunov-Krasovskii method, we derive sufficient conditions for the stability of solutions to these delayed fractional systems. The theoretical findings are applied to several examples, including models of population dynamics and engineering systems. Numerical simulations validate the theoretical results, demonstrating the role of time delays in system behavior and stability.

This study aims to explore the dynamics of leadership regeneration in an ecclesiastical context with an emphasis on three main aspects: the urgency of leadership renewal, the escalation of conflict within the synod, and the contribution of cross-generational participation in the leadership structure. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative, which focuses on in-depth understanding of existing phenomena. Regeneration of ecclesiastical leadership is becoming an increasingly urgent issue in the midst of rapid social change, transformation of service orientation, and the declining level of involvement of the younger generation in church organizational structures. In the absence of a structured and sustainable regeneration system, the dominance of certain age groups in leadership may hinder the renewal of the church's vision and the transfer of relevant ministry values. Therefore, leadership regeneration should be viewed as a transformative and contextual structural reform, which aims to respond to the challenges of the times and prepare a more inclusive and adaptive future leadership. Conflicts in church synods are often triggered by the tension between the application of normative church ordinances and the complexity of interpersonal relationships shaped by the history and internal dynamics of the church. Rigid application of ecclesiastical regulations without considering the social context can trigger deliberative dysfunction and polarization, which hinders inclusive decision-making. In this case, managerial skills in managing conflict through dialogic, empathic, and reconciliatory approaches are needed to maintain the cohesion and legitimacy of the synod, so that decisions can reflect the needs and aspirations of the people. Cross-generational participation in church leadership is key to ensuring continuity and synergy in ministry. Collaboration between senior and younger generations can strengthen collective capacity, transform power relations, and create inclusive and sustainable leadership models.

This article explores the importance of a contextual approach in Christian education for young people. By considering the cultural, social, and technological dynamics that influence the lives of young people today, this approach seeks to bridge the Christian faith tradition with modern realities. The research was conducted through a literature review and interviews with Christian educators, which showed that a contextual approach can strengthen spiritual connectedness and the relevance of Christian teachings in everyday life. This article offers practical guidance for educators in implementing this approach in the classroom.

Negative ambition, thirst for power, which gives birth to fraud in constitutional politics, greed will tend to give birth to authoritarian government, which also facilitates uncontrolled corrupt behavior in all levels of the government system, the result is that corruption becomes a system that is difficult to judge effectively. right in front of the judiciary. The state's ideals which are the legal basis in the Proclamation are only historical, the State's goals as stated in Paragraph IV appear to be subject to multiple interpretations with negative ambitions and a monopoly in the control of natural resources by certain groups. The Constitutional Court has become a bone of contention. because it is considered the last bull of the constitution. The various systems and regulations as the basic foundation in the 1945 Constitution are the reason that it is no longer appropriate to the situation and must be repeatedly amended. The recruitment of State Rulers through the ELECTION system once every five years continues to be changed in a direction that is increasingly widening and even eliminating the true meaning of the goals of a State which is based on the Blessing of God. Almighty. Our constitutional history, which is quite long since the birth of the 1945 Constitution, will continue to be corrected for reasons of adjusting interests. In fact, the state is a tool to achieve the goals of the nation that agreed to form the state with the aim of protecting and ensuring the welfare of the people of that nation. The principles and foundations of the State have been established as the foundation in a state order, but our constitutional problems can only be resolved by changing the law and very minimally changing the concept of human thinking in that Pancasila has become the philosophy and goal of national life. The next question will be whether the Amendment to the 1945 Constitution will continue. carried out to adjust the circumstances of the desires or interests of the State authorities. Conflicts of interest in our state structure must return to the order of religious values ​​in religion which in Islamic psychology is known as Maqashidus syari'ah jurisprudence.

This study examines the complex interplay between formal legal structures, customary practices, and rapid urban development in shaping land ownership dynamics in Batam's old villages (kampung tua). Through a qualitative case study approach, incorporating document analysis, semi-structured interviews, and field observations, we investigate the challenges in reconciling traditional land rights with modern property laws in the context of Batam's development as a free trade zone. Our findings reveal that approximately 70% of land parcels in the studied villages lack formal titles, highlighting the prevalence of informal ownership systems. The research identifies significant legal pluralism, where national land laws, local regulations, and customary (adat) practices coexist and often conflict. Notaries emerge as key actors navigating this complex landscape, often expanding beyond their formal mandate to mediate between different systems of authority and ownership. The study underscores the limitations of current legal frameworks in addressing the unique challenges of land administration in rapidly urbanizing areas with strong customary traditions. We propose the need for more adaptive land governance approaches that can accommodate both formal and informal ownership structures, including specialized legal frameworks for recognizing customary land rights in urban contexts. This research contributes to the broader understanding of land rights issues in the face of rapid urban development and offers insights for policymakers, legal practitioners, and urban planners grappling with similar challenges in other developing regions.

This article examines the dynamics, challenges, and opportunities in implementing the merit system policy within the context of Indonesia’s bureaucratic reform, employing a narrative literature review approach using a triangulation of scholarly sources. Thematic analysis identifies five critical themes that hinder the implementation of the merit system: structural tensions between political patronage and meritocracy that create a hybrid spoils–merit system; significant institutional capacity gaps between central and local governments; digital transformation through platforms such as CAT, SmartASN, and SIPINTER as catalysts for transparency and objectivity; organizational cultural resistance rooted in patrimonial and seniority values; and the weakening of independent oversight exacerbated by the dissolution of KASN’s mandate. Although a progressive regulatory framework has been established through Law No. 5 of 2014, the implementation of the merit system remains constrained by persistent clientelism, limited institutional capacity, and cultural resistance. This study contributes to the theoretical discourse on Weberian bureaucracy, New Public Management, and good governance by confirming that the implementation of the merit system in developing countries constitutes a political–cultural transformation that requires fundamental changes in political incentive structures, institutional capacity, and organisational values. Managerial implications include strengthening independent oversight, making substantial investments in institutional capacity, accelerating inclusive digital transformation, and implementing systematic change management programs to expedite the transition toward a performance-based bureaucracy that is professional and integrity-driven in support of Indonesia’s Golden Vision 2045

This article addresses the pastoral problem of congregants who experience persistent feelings of worthlessness, a condition that often appears at the intersection of shame, fragile self-worth, social isolation, and distorted religious interpretation. The objective is to construct a Christian pastoral counseling framework that is biblically grounded, psychologically informed, and ecclesially accountable. This study uses a qualitative constructive literature design through critical synthesis of recent journal articles and classical pastoral counseling. The analysis identifies four main findings. First, worthlessness should not be reduced to moral weakness or lack of faith because it involves psychological, relational, and spiritual dynamics. Second, churches may either intensify shame through stigma and spiritual reductionism or become restorative communities through hospitality, lament, and safe accompaniment. Third, pastoral counseling requires a movement from empathic assessment, validation, and narrative clarification toward theological reframing of identity in Christ. Fourth, responsible pastoral care includes collaboration with mental health professionals when risk, trauma, or clinical symptoms exceed pastoral competence. The implication is a constructive model in which pastoral counseling helps congregants reinterpret self-worth through grace, embodied community, and disciplined referral rather than through advice-giving or doctrinal correction alone.

This article discusses the dynamics of corruption and its impact on national development. Through a comprehensive review of the factors that influence the spread and intensity of corruption, as well as its impact on various development sectors, this article illustrates the complexity of the problem of corruption in the context of national development. The negative impact of corruption is not only limited to economic losses, but also damages social order, harms public trust in the government, and hinders sustainable economic growth. By understanding the dynamics of corruption thoroughly, it is hoped that effective strategies can be formulated to combat corruption and encourage sustainable and inclusive national development.

Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) is a concept that describes the dynamics of the relationship between a leader and each member of the work team in an organizational unit. LMX plays a crucial role in creating employee job satisfaction within an organization. This study aims to provide readers with a deeper understanding of the application of LMX theory in a corporate context, as well as its implications in managerial practice. Through this research, data from various sources are compared and analyzed, which come from several journals that are the main references. This research is an important first step in understanding the complex relationship between leaders and team members in an organization, and its consequences in achieving optimal organizational performance.                                                       

The development of the implementation of inclusive education by describing the journey from the initial stages to the present. Through a comprehensive literature review and empirical research, we explore the key factors influencing the implementation of inclusive education, including support from various stakeholders, adequate resource allocation, and a supportive policy framework. This research aims to analyze the development of the implementation of inclusive education. This research method is qualitative research which aims to understand humanitarian and social problems in depth. The results of this research demonstrate the challenges faced by educational practitioners, such as the need for additional training for educators, better integration of students with special needs into the regular curriculum, and the importance of social and emotional support for all students. In addition, we highlight the important role that educational policies play in encouraging or hindering the implementation of inclusive education. By strengthening understanding of the dynamics and complexities of implementing inclusive education, we hope to provide useful insights for practitioners, policy makers and researchers to improve the effectiveness and sustainability of inclusive education throughout the world.  

This research aims to analyze the increase in HIV/AIDS cases in Medan City with a focus on influencing factors and implications for prevention and education. The research method used is library study, by collecting and analyzing data from literature, documents and related reports from various sources, including scientific journals, books and official reports from health and government organizations. The results of the analysis show that factors such as risky behavior, low levels of public awareness, lack of access to health services, and social stigma have a significant role in increasing HIV/AIDS cases. The implication of these findings is the need to increase efforts in prevention and education, with a focus on increasing awareness, reducing stigma, increasing accessibility of health services, and strengthening collaboration between various stakeholders in addressing this problem. This research makes an important contribution to understanding the dynamics of HIV/AIDS epidemiology in Medan City and provides a basis for developing more effective intervention strategies.    

This thesis aims to find out the prevention of defamation laws according to the law and Islamic law in the city of Medan. Data collection in this study was carried out by means of literature studies and interviews.  In this study, legal data were qualitatively analyzed rules and techniques to satisfy the researcher's curiosity in a juridical symptom or a way to find the truth and acquire knowledge. The results showed that the Application of defamation rules in Article 310-318 of the Criminal Code and ITE Law No. 19 of 2016 amends Law no. 11 of 2008 in handling defamation, in writing, verbally, and hate speech on social media against perpetrators tend to be repressive (use of power outside the corridors of the law). The contribution of law enforcement of criminal defamation by the police to the criminal law, cannot be said to be effective Islamic law has not specifically addressed the types of defamation and penalties so it has not been able to effectively regulate the prevention of defamation in Islamic law. The development of this law regarding defamation does not pay attention to the social dynamics that exist in society. It can be seen from the problem of defamation that many occur through social medicine whose events are still difficult to prove.