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Spiritual rhetoric has an important role in strengthening understanding and communication of religious teachings, but often does not receive sufficient attention in Christian religious education. The approach of Quintilianes, a famous philosopher and rhetorician from the ancient Roman era, provides a solid foundation for improving the teaching of spiritual rhetoric. This article presents key concepts from Quintilianes' thinking that can be adapted in the study of Christianity, such as the importance of ethics in communication, developing speaking skills, and emphasizing the formation of good character. This integration strategy can be applied in various contexts of Christian religious education, both in religious schools, churches and within the family environment. By incorporating elements of spiritual rhetoric into the curriculum, educators can help students understand and articulate their beliefs more effectively, while promoting fundamental moral and spiritual values. In facing the complexity of the contemporary world, the integration of Quintilianes' thoughts in the study of Christianity becomes increasingly relevant. This article proposes that this approach can provide a powerful foundation for increasing understanding, appreciation, and practice of Christianity, as well as fostering deeper spiritual growth in students.

Career development in an era of ambiguity is becoming increasingly important in the modern era of uncertainty and rapid environmental change. The ever-changing business, social, and technological environments pose new challenges for individuals seeking to develop their careers. This research aims to identify career development strategies in the face of an ambiguous work environment, as well as to explore the concepts and practices of career development that exist in this era of ambiguity. This research uses the literature method or literature study, which is by utilizing various literature sources to obtain data. A qualitative approach was chosen because the data produced is in the form of descriptions or words. The results showed that career development is very important in the era of ambiguity, and each individual needs to integrate flexibility, adaptability, and understanding of uncertainty in their career development strategy. With a deep understanding of ambiguity and the ability to adapt, individuals can maximize their career potential in this era of change. Organizations can also support employees by creating an environment that enables growth and development amidst rapid change.  

Change management in the VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity) era has become increasingly important in dealing with business dynamics that change rapidly and unexpectedly. This era is characterized by continuous change, external uncertainty, the complexity of the business environment, and information ambiguity. This study uses the literature study method to explore the concepts and practices of change management that are effective in dealing with the instability and uncertainty of the business environment. Through the research method of literature study, the authors analyze various sources of literature which include change management theories, as well as case studies of the implementation of change management in various organizations. This article highlights the importance of organizational adaptation to rapid and unpredictable environmental change. The study results emphasize continuous adaptation and innovation as the keys to success in the face of constant change. In addition, this article provides insight into how organizations can turn VUCA challenges into opportunities for sustainable growth and development.

This study examines the semantic aspects of the Citta Vagga (Mind Chapter) verses of the Dhammapada scriptures, focusing on the analysis of the meaning of keywords, symbolism, and philosophical interpretations in the text. The method used is a qualitative descriptive approach based on semantic analysis combined with hermeneutic methods to uncover the deep contextual meanings in Buddhist teachings. This study focuses on central concepts such as citta (mind), dukkha (suffering), and nibbana (liberation), as well as how the use of metaphor, personification, and repetition in the text helps convey the spiritual message and wisdom of the Buddha. The results of the study show that the layers of meaning in the Citta Vagga are very complex and rich in symbolic elements that refer to mind control as the core of Buddhist teachings. Furthermore, this research reveals the intricate relationship between linguistic structures and spiritual doctrines, demonstrating how ancient Pali texts employ sophisticated rhetorical devices to transmit timeless wisdom across generations.

The semantic study of religious texts is becoming increasingly important in understanding the meaning of spiritual teachings in a deep, contextual, and relevant way to current developments. This article aims to analyze the semantic aspects of Buddhist texts, emphasizing the meaning, symbolism, and interpretation of key terms. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a hermeneutic method to examine key concepts such as dukkha, nirvana, and samsara found in classical Buddhist texts, including the Dhammapada, the Lotus Sutra, and the Abhidhamma. The analysis shows that the meaning of terms in Buddhist texts is not static or merely literal, but rather contains symbolic, philosophical, and spiritual dimensions that develop according to cultural, social, and historical contexts. These findings confirm that a semantic approach can enrich the understanding of Buddhist teachings, broaden the horizons of religious interpretation, and bridge the relevance of Buddhist values ​​in modern human life.

The development of technology and information has brought all students into the world generation of digital literacy, media technology or digital literacy is developing rapidly, many people are able to create new applications, technological devices that aim to provide convenience for humans. Excessive use of digital can cause problems, especially for students who are still in education, misusing technology can reduce the quality of student learning. The effort that we can do to overcome this problem is by reviving students' thinking concepts in improving the quality of learning by using digital learning media. The purpose of this research is to find out to what extent students are able to utilize technology, what efforts can help students who are addicted to technology. This research was conducted at the Anugerah Tanjungpinang Social Service Foundation Middle School using the face-to-face method from preparation to implementation. The results of this study are that each student is able to receive new insights in using technology to learn responsibly and wants to be a smart student in using technology so that students at the Anugerah Tanjungpinang Social Service Foundation Middle School said that "it turns out that learning to use technology is so much fun and can make it easier for students to access learning resources quickly, students also get new things for example such as using devices such as Microsoft Word, Excel and so on. This is one form of success for the PkM team where students can understand and receive knowledge about the responsible use of technology.

Purpose − In the ever-evolving digital era, the paradigm of employee compensation and rewards is also undergoing a fundamental transformation. Digital Compensation and Rewards concepts have emerged as a response to these changes, with a focus on building adaptive performance systems, innovative bonus approaches, and flexibility in employee rewards. Overall, the Digital Compensation and Rewards paradigm brings modern concepts to human resource management. In the digital era, employee compensation and reward systems are experiencing fundamental changes. The use of technology allows for more efficient implementation of performance-based systems. Findings- The results of the literature review show that technology has a significant positive impact on the employee recruitment stage. Apart from that, the implementation of digital compensation and rewards is also an integral part of employee performance. Design/methodology/approach- By using data-based performance assessments with digital platforms, companies can collect and analyze employee performance data in more detail. This allows for more objective and accurate assessments, as well as providing opportunities for appropriate recognition of individual contributions. Practical implications- Involves improving the recruitment process through the use of digital technology and social media, adjusting the compensation system to include digital performance bonuses and application-based incentives, flexibility in providing rewards tailored to individual preferences, the use of data and analysis to measure employee performance accurately, as well as development of HR skills in integrating digital technology in human resource management. By paying attention to these practical implications, companies can improve their human resource management strategies to face the challenges and opportunities in the digital era, which can support organizational growth and success. Originality/value- This research presents an innovative view of how organizations can use digital technology and more flexible bonus systems to increase employee motivation and productivity. With a focus on the digital era, this paper provides insight into the importance of adapting to technological changes in human resource management. The value of this paper is that it provides practical guidance for companies seeking to improve their human resource management strategies to optimize employee performance and rewards in the ever-changing digital era.

The research that has been carried out is entitled "The Effectiveness of MIKiR Active Learning in Class V Indonesian Language Lessons at MIS Mutiara Sei Mencirim". This research aims to determine the implementation of MIKiR active learning in class V Indonesian language lessons at MIS Mutiara Sei Mencirim, the effectiveness of MIKiR active learning applied in class V Indonesian language lessons at MIS Mutiara Sei Mencirim, and factors that support and hinder the implementation of MIKiR active learning in lessons. Indonesian language class V MIS Mutiara Sei Mencirim. This research is a qualitative research with a case study type of research. The subjects of this study were teachers and fifth grade students. Data collection was taken through interviews, observation, documentation and questionnaires. The author takes the role of a direct interviewer to dig up more complete data for teachers and students. The results of this research show that the implementation of MIKiR active learning in Indonesian language lessons can be proven from the learning outcomes which consist of Experiencing, Interaction, Communication and Reflection. In the "Experiencing" activity the teacher involves the students' five senses to understand the concepts of the material presented so that it is easier to understand, "Interaction" the teacher encourages students to be able to express ideas and reflect on themselves so that it also supports good understanding of the concept, "Communication" the teacher motivates the participants students to be brave and fluent in conveying ideas, and teacher "Reflection" creates an attitude in students to be willing to accept criticism and improve themselves, both ideas, work results and attitudes. MIKiR's active learning is very effectively applied to Indonesian language lessons for class V MIS Mutiara Sei Mencirim, as evidenced by the fact that during the learning process students always feel excited and happy, initially students still feel shy in asking questions or expressing their opinions, but often MIKiR's active learning this is applied at MIS Mutiara Sei Mencirim they don't feel boredom, in this case active learning MIKiR is very effectively used in Indonesian language lessons for class V MIS Mutiara Sei Mencirim. supporting factors in the application of MIKiR active learning, namely the teacher's role in this learning activity is very important because teacher creativity determines the learning process using MIKiR active learning and students will become the main character or role in each lesson, the teacher only needs to direct students in the learning process and students will show their respective creativity, and the inhibiting factor in the application of active learning MIKiR is the allocation of learning time that is not in accordance with the material because during the discussion process students who do not understand will tend to ask a lot of questions in order to be able to complete their group assignments.

The basic knowledge and strategies of microenterprise actors are important to help them manage and develop their businesses more effectively. The following section presents basic knowledge and strategies that may be useful for microentrepreneurs. Knowledge of the concepts, characteristics and challenges facing microenterprises, including resource constraints, access to capital and scale of operations. Understanding the local market, competitors, consumer trends and purchasing behavior can help determine the right marketing strategy. Basic issues of financial management, Hopefully, SWOT analysis can help business stakeholders reassess the internal and external factors of the business.

Al Asror Islamic boarding school has several business units which are expected to be a means of developing student entrepreneurship in addition to supporting the boarding school independently. The santri craft business unit, grocery store unit, laundry and canteen are managed by the santri in the Islamic boarding school environment. The problems faced in developing student entrepreneurship are from the perspective of students as the main object of entrepreneurship education.The solution to problems in this service activity is by carrying out FGD activities, coaching and mentoring, and business motivational lectures. The target participants are students, caregivers, administrators, parents/guardians of students, and business and entrepreneurship practitioners/experts. The FGD resource persons were the service team and cottage caretakers. The targets of motivational training are students who have been involved in managing the Islamic boarding school business unit. Motivational lecture speakers are members of the service team. The stages of implementing service activities are the pre-implementation stages of service activities, the stages of implementing service activities, and the post-service activity stages. Service activities can run well and smoothly and consist of three sub-activities, namely delivering entrepreneurship material in the general stage, FGD for stakeholders, and mentoring for students who run Islamic boarding school business units. The first and second activities were carried out successfully. Islamic boarding school stakeholders can convey ideas and concepts in developing student entrepreneurship and Islamic boarding school business units. The third activity has also been carried out by providing reinforcement for students who receive the mandate to run Islamic boarding school business units such as laundry, drinking water, canteen, and others. New business ideas for Islamic boarding schools must be analyzed carefully considering the potential and development of the Patemon area and its surroundings.

Warung Makan Mbah Sum is a business operating in the culinary sector which was founded in 1990 and produces food and drinks. The aim of this research is to find out and analyze the business development strategy carried out by Warung Makan Mbah Sum to increase its income. Warung Makan Mbah Sum is located on Jl Husnitamrin RT 08/RW 04, Saditan Brebes. This research aims to analyze and implement the marketing mix at Warung Makan Mbah Sum. Marketing mix variables consist of product, price, promotion and distribution. The method used is a qualitative descriptive analysis approach. Data sources were obtained from observation, interviews and documentation. The object in preparing this research is business development strategies to increase income at the Mbah Sum Saditan Brebes Food Stall. The results of research in the field state that the business development strategy carried out by Warung Makan Mbah Sum is increasing product variants, maintaining low prices, improving service quality, and using new sales concepts. The obstacles faced by Warung Makan Mbah Sum in developing its business are lack of operational management, lack of facilities for eating on site, and pressure from outside (competitors). If seen from a strategy perspective, Warung Makan Mbah Sum has been able to develop its business to increase income.    

Based on the analysis of needs in the learning process, it is necessary to develop interactive learning medium. This study aims to produce a product in the form of an interactive learning media based on Articulate Storyline which is valid, practical, and effective in improving students' understanding of mathematical concepts. This research and development is designed based on the stages of the ADDIE development model (Analyse, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluate). The subjects in this study were students of class X IPA 5 SMA Negeri 2 Kabanjahe, which consisted of 36 students. Based on the research which has been done, the validity of the interactive learning media developed obtained an average percentage of 87.26% by media experts and 87.82% by material experts with qualifications classified as very valid. Through the results of teacher responses and student responses in limited trials and field trials, an average percentage of assessment was obtained 94.5% by teachers, 85.67% by students in limited group trials and 86.07% by students in field trials with qualifications classified as very practical to be used in the learning process. The implementation of the application of interactive learning media that has been carried out to see the effectiveness with a set benchmark obtains results, namely for classical learning completeness, it reaches 80.56%, and the average percentage of effectiveness questionnaires is 94.72% with qualifications classified as effective. The increase in ability to understand mathematical concepts that occurs is a moderate increase. Based on the research acquisition data, it was concluded that the Articulate Storyline-based learning media developed in this study is valid, practical, and effective qualifications.

The success of learning objectives is determined by many factors, including the teacher factor in carrying out the teaching and learning process, because teachers can directly influence, develop and improve students' intelligence and skills. To overcome the problems above and to achieve educational goals optimally, the role of teachers is very important and it is hoped that teachers have good teaching methods/models and are able to choose appropriate learning models that are in accordance with the concepts of the subjects to be conveyed. Problems to be studied in this research are: (a) How does student learning achievement increase with the implementation of STAD and Role Playing learning models? (b) What is the influence of the STAD and Role Playing learning methods on student learning motivation? The purpose of this action research is: (a) Want to know the increase in student learning achievement after implementing the STAD and Role Playing learning models. (b) Want to know the effect of student learning motivation after implementing the STAD and Role Playing learning methods. This research uses three rounds of action research. Each round consists of four stages, namely: design, activities and observations, reflection, and revision. The target of this research is Class VI students of SDN 12 Pelerang for the 2021/2022 academic year. The data obtained are in the form of formative test results, observation sheets of teaching and learning activities. From the results of the analysis it was found that student learning achievement had increased from cycle I to cycle III, namely, cycle I ( 68.18%), cycle II (77.27%), cycle III (86.36%). The conclusion of this research is that the STAD and Role Playing model methods can have a positive influence on the learning motivation of Class VI Students at SDN 12 Pelerang for the 2021 Academic Year /2022 and this learning method can be used as an alternative for learning Indonesian.  

This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method, which means research whose research strategy emphasizes the decomposition of meaning, significance, concepts, characteristics, symptoms, symbols and descriptions, focus and diversity, natural and broad phenomena by prioritizing the quality of information and presenting it narratively. This research uses a phenomenological approach that seeks to capture various problems in society and reveal the meaning contained therein. The goal of qualitative research is to find out the social reality of those involved. Participants are people who have been interviewed, observed and asked for information, views and opinions. 1. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method, which means a research whose research strategy emphasizes the decomposition of meaning, significance, concepts, characteristics, symptoms, symbols and descriptions, focus and diversity, natural and broad phenomena by prioritizing the quality of information and presenting it narratively. 2. This research uses a phenomenological approach that seeks to capture various problems in society and reveal the meaning contained therein. The goal of qualitative research is to find out the social reality of those involved. Participants are people who have been interviewed, observed and asked for information, views and opinions.  

The main objective of this research is to study learning media Fingerglass human breathing simulator. Utilization of simulation models designed to resemble the human respiratory system serves as an invaluable educational tool. The aim is to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of scientific concepts, particularly in the field of natural sciences, with the ultimate goal of practical application in everyday life. By using this simulator it is hoped that students will be involved to be actively involved in the learning process, fostering a high interest in understanding the subject matter. This research took place at UPT SDN 17 Gresik for Grade 5 students. The model used is a simulator of the human respiratory system following the ADDIE model, which consists of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. This model is based on the scientific approach to ADDIE development theory outlined by Robert Maribe Branch. The validation process for two levels of material expert validators I and II resulted in a validation level of 85% indicating that the material was included in the valid category. Likewise, the results of the validator material expert validator II show a validation level of 100% which is also included in the valid category. This implies that the contents of the learning media are relevant to the subject matter of the fifth grade Human Respiratory System in elementary school. Thus it can be concluded that the quality of the Fiberglass Learning Media Human Breathing Simulator meets valid criteria in terms of the material it contains. In addition, the student's response obtained a value of 87% indicating that the Human Breathing Simulator Fiberglass Learning Media was very suitable for use in the learning process

This sociological study of religion attempts to explain the relationship between humans and spirits in the syncretism of Theravada Buddhism tradition with case studies in Indonesia, Cambodia, and Myanmar. In these countries, before the influence of the Indian Dharmic Religion, people practiced Theravada Buddhism side by side with folk beliefs. This study uses the theory of correlational theology from Paul Tillich as the search for common ground in reflection of the syncretic folk belief of worshipping Danghyang among Javanese people in Indonesia, Neak Ta among Khmer people in Cambodia, and Nat among Burmese people in Myanmar. The method used literature research and field observations in three countries in 2020. The results of this study are in the exploration of doctrinal concepts from religious texts and the acculturation practices on cultural heritage between the folk belief with the view of wholeness theology in Theravada Buddhism cosmology. Humans live in harmony with other creatures in this world according to the law of attachment and reciprocity, or Paticcasamuppada, consisting of 31 realms of existence. In the context of the three countries, these spirits articulate three relations: the relationship between guardian spirits and the people, the relationship between the deceased spirits and the living, and the relationship between spirits and the social environment, as in line with spiritual ecology (215 words)

The role of fractal geometry in analyzing growth patterns of tropical plants and its application in precision agriculture has become an emerging interdisciplinary topic in the modern era. Tropical plants often exhibit complex and irregular structures that cannot be fully described by conventional Euclidean geometry. This study aims to examine fractal-based mathematical models to identify self-similar patterns in tropical leaves and to explore their potential for optimizing precision farming practices. The methodology employs image-based mathematical analysis, using digital images of tropical plants to measure fractal dimensions and quantify growth complexity. The findings reveal that consistent fractal patterns can be observed across different species of tropical plants, particularly in leaf venation and branching structures, indicating a universal growth principle. Such patterns demonstrate high predictive potential for estimating biomass, monitoring plant health, and assessing responses to environmental changes. Furthermore, the study highlights how fractal-based approaches, when combined with precision agriculture technologies, can improve resource efficiency by supporting accurate irrigation scheduling, soil quality monitoring, and yield forecasting. The implications extend to sustainable agricultural development, as fractal analysis provides a scientific foundation for balancing productivity with environmental preservation. In conclusion, this research underscores the significance of fractals not only as mathematical concepts but also as powerful analytical tools with practical benefits, offering new pathways to advance digital farming, ecological monitoring, and sustainable food security in the modern era.

The aim of this paper is to highlight the role of Lextutor an online software for achieving educational objectives. Lextutor is an online resource which presents a new teaching-learning environment and also offers a variety of activities for educators and learners to use it in English vocabulary classroom and to nurture independent learning. Since vocabulary becomes very fundamental in language learning, both speaking and writing and independent learning is currently popular and needs to be developed, educators and learners can use wordlists, online concordance and dictionary, and texts, which can be accessed in the available programs. In addition, Lextutor also serves database to store the work and view the others’ work. Most importantly, this online software comes up with the transformation to change the traditional setting of learning by giving inputs on DDL learning. It is expected that learners can be more independent and active in learning, enabling greater motivation and deeper learning. This paper reviews literature and gives scholarly background by reviewing some contributions and concepts made by experts in the related field. Furthermore, some benefits of using Lextutor are found in this research.

Jembrak In this era of globalization, service is the main key in building positive relationships between service providers and consumers. One of the critical aspects in providing services is attitude or Service Attitude, namely the attitude shown by individuals or organizations in providing services to the community. Service Attitude is not just about providing services, but also creating positive experiences and added value for the communities served. In this context, research and in-depth understanding of Service Attitude becomes very important. Ethics is a branch of philosophy that considers concepts such as morality, values, and human actions. This includes consideration of what is right and wrong, both in relationships between individuals and in social and professional contexts, improving Human Resources (HR) for employees at Kotta Hotel Semarang.

Entrepreneurship in the digital era has become a fundamental cornerstone in facing rapid global changes. The purpose of this study visit program is to fortify students' mindsets in cultivating an entrepreneurial spirit. Moreover, this program prepares the emerging young generation to be self-reliant, possessing the mental readiness and cognitive framework necessary to skillfully merge entrepreneurial competencies with technology insights in the digital age. Research outcomes indicate that through the study visit program, students can broaden their perspectives on entrepreneurship in the digital era. Additionally, from these activities, students can correlate theoretical concepts with real-world practices in the realm of digital business, thereby enabling educational institutions to enhance their graduates into relevant entrepreneurs aligned with the demands of the time.