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This study aims to describe the implementation of multisensory strategies in improving the early reading skills and comprehension of dyslexic children in grade 2 of Bugel 2 Public Elementary School. The subject of the study was a student with dyslexia characteristics who had shown difficulties in phonological aspects, letter recognition, reading syllables, and reading comprehension. The method used was direct observation using an early reading test instrument, a comprehension test, and a learning behavior observation sheet. The results showed that the implementation of multisensory strategies (Visual-Auditory-Kinesthetic-Tactile) through letter tracing activities, reading with the help of sounds, arranging letter cards, and reading together exercises was able to improve reading accuracy, strengthen letter-sound relationships, and foster students' self-confidence. Thus, multisensory strategies were proven effective in helping dyslexic children master early reading skills and comprehend simple texts. This study provides an important contribution to the development of more inclusive and effective teaching methods, especially for students with dyslexia, who require a more holistic and comprehensive approach to improve their literacy skills. As a suggestion, the implementation of this strategy can be expanded by involving more students and considering variations in the types of texts and teaching materials used.

The low level of interest in learning for elementary school students remains a fundamental problem in the implementation of basic education in Indonesia. One factor suspected of contributing to this condition is the lack of optimal fulfillment of students' physical health and nutritional needs. The Free Nutritional Meal Program (MBG) is strategic government policy aimed at improving students' nutritional status as an effort support learning readiness and the quality of learning in schools. This study aims to analyze the effect of the Free Nutritional Meal Program on increasing interest in learning for elementary school students. The study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design using a one-group pretest-posttest model. The research subjects included elementary school students and teachers directly involved in the implementation of the MBG program. Data collection techniques were carried out through a learning interest questionnaire, observation of student learning activities, and structured interviews with teachers. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics in the form of paired t-tests determine differences in learning interest before and after the program implementation. The results of the study are expected to show an increase in student interest learning after participating in the Free Nutritional Meal Program, which is characterized by increased attention, activeness, and motivation in the learning process. These findings are expected to provide empirical evidence that the Free Nutritional Meal Program not only contributes improving students' physical and health conditions, but also has positive impact on the psychological and academic aspects elementary school students.

Digital transformation in the land sector is part of the state’s efforts to enhance efficiency, transparency, and legal certainty within the land registration system. One of the strategic policies implemented is the issuance of electronic land certificates as a substitute for conventional certificates. However, the implementation of electronic land certificates raises several legal issues, particularly concerning their evidentiary value and the guarantee of legal certainty for holders of land rights. This article aims to analyze the legal regulation of electronic land certificates within Indonesia’s land registration system, examine their evidentiary strength in civil disputes, and identify the legal and technical challenges in their implementation. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that electronic land certificates have a valid legal basis and possess evidentiary strength equivalent to that of conventional certificates, provided that the principles of validity and security of electronic systems are fulfilled. Nevertheless, their implementation still faces challenges related to technological infrastructure readiness, public legal literacy, and potential vulnerability to cybercrime. Therefore, strengthening technical regulations, enhancing system security, and conducting continuous public dissemination are necessary to ensure legal certainty for holders of electronic land certificates.

The rapid growth of information technology has encouraged small and medium-sized food businesses to adopt digital systems in order to improve service quality and operational efficiency. Ayam Goreng Pakdhe, a local culinary business, still relies on manual ordering processes that often lead to order inaccuracies, slow service, and limited access to sales data. This study aims to design and develop a web-based ordering system for Ayam Goreng Pakdhe using the Spiral software development method, which emphasizes iterative development, risk analysis, and continuous user feedback. The research method consists of requirement analysis, system design, implementation, and evaluation carried out in repeated cycles according to the Spiral model. Data were collected through observation, interviews with business owners and employees, and analysis of existing business processes. The results show that the proposed web-based system is able to streamline the ordering process, reduce human errors, and provide real-time information on orders and sales reports. Furthermore, the iterative nature of the Spiral method allows the system to be adjusted according to user needs and potential risks identified during development. The implementation of this system is expected to enhance operational efficiency, support better decision-making, and increase customer satisfaction, thereby contributing to the digital transformation of small-scale culinary enterprises.

This community service activity aimed to enhance the security and efficiency of halal certification mentoring services at the Aurum First Sunrise community in Surakarta. The main challenge faced by the partner was the risk of sensitive SME data leakage such as ID cards, recipes, and supply chain information, due to the lack of an adequate document security mechanism. The core solution implemented was Technology Implementation in the form of a Cryptographically-based Document Management Information sistem (utilizing the Light Weight PDAC algorithm) integrated with digital access rights management and user Training. Evaluation demonstrated successful implementation, evidenced by an increase in the average satisfaction of SMEs regarding data security to 97.8%, confirming enhanced trust. Furthermore, digitalization successfully improved the efficiency of the mentoring team, reflected by a satisfaction score of 85.0%. In conclusion, this service successfully transformed the partner into a secure, efficient, and credible mentoring institution, significantly supporting SMEs in accessing halal certification.

This student aims to determine how BPNT contributes community in Sipatana District, Gorontalo City. Method used is qualitative findings show that the implementation of BPNT in Sipatana District, particularly in Molosipat U and Tanggikiki sub-districts, has been carried out in accordance with the statutory regulations of 2019 regarding the indicators of power distribution and actor strategies, without any personal intervention in determining beneficiary eligibility. Regarding the characteristics of the implementing institutions, coordination among agencies from the district level to RT/RW has run well and has been conducted transparently and participatively to ensure that the assistance is well-targeted. However, on the indicators of implementer compliance and responsiveness, several obstacles are still found such as delays in disbursement, a lack of direct socialization to the community, and slow responses from the sub-district office in handling complaints from beneficiary families (KPM). These conditions lead to a lack of optimal understanding among beneficiaries regarding the mechanism of aid distribution. Additionally, the impact of BPNT on improving beneficiary welfare remains consumptive in nature and has not fully encouraged economic independence among poor households. Therefore, improvements in service effectiveness, two-way communication, and periodic evaluation are required to enhance BPNT’s contribution in reducing poverty rates and achieving sustainable community welfare.

This community service program aims to analyze the effectiveness of utilizing TikTok Shop as a digital marketing platform for UMKM Izzata Hijab located in Paciran District, Lamongan Regency. The main problem faced by the partner is the suboptimal management of digital marketing, particularly in content strategy planning, posting consistency, and the utilization of TikTok Shop features, resulting in marketing activities that have not yet provided maximum impact on improving marketing performance. The implementation method of this community service employed a mentoring and training model, which included stages of interviews, observation, and documentation throughout the mentoring process. The results indicate that the planned and sustainable implementation of digital marketing strategies through TikTok Shop is able to increase brand awareness, expand promotional reach, enhance customer interaction, and positively impact product sales. The effectiveness of the community service program is influenced by posting consistency, visual content quality, digital communication understanding, and the partner’s responsiveness to customers. This community service confirms that TikTok Shop digital marketing assistance is an effective strategy in supporting the improvement of marketing performance of UMKM Izzata Hijab in the digital era.

The ever-changing and rapidly developing fashion trends have created a consumer culture among global society, driven by social media and digital marketing. Excessive consumption of clothing not only fulfills personal needs but also becomes an indicator of social status. As a result, the textile industry has experienced rapid growth, contributing significantly to the economy, especially in countries such as Indonesia and Vietnam. However, textile production uses energy sources that are not environmentally friendly, producing greenhouse gas emissions that have negative impacts on the environment, such as global warming and climate change. Indonesia and Vietnam, as one of the developing countries that rely on industry as a profitable sector, act as the largest contributors of emissions in Southeast Asia. Indonesia and Vietnam face major challenges in reducing environmental impacts while maintaining economic growth. Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are an important priority for long-term sustainability. The implementation of clear, firm and targeted regulations plays an important role in enforcing rules that can protect the environment from perpetrators of destruction by the industrial sector.

Diarrhea and Tuberculosis (TB) remain significant public health problems in Indonesia, including Rembang Regency. This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution and temporal changes of Diarrhea and TB cases in Rembang Regency during 2023–2024 using a Geographic Information Sistem (GIS) approach. A descriptive-analytic method was applied using secondary data, including administrative boundary shapefiles, disease case data, and health facility data at the sub-district level. Spatial processing and analysis were conducted using QGIS to produce thematic maps and compare disease distribution patterns between years. The results indicate that Diarrhea and TB cases were unevenly distributed across sub-districts and formed distinct spatial patterns. Case changes between 2023 and 2024 varied spatially, reflecting dynamic disease trends. The integration of disease maps with health facility distribution shows that areas with high case numbers were not always supported by adequate health facilities. The implementation of GIS-based maps into a web platform enhances accessibility and supports spatial-based public health decision-making.

This research aims to analyze in depth the level of understanding among Islamic Religious Education (PAI) students at the Islamic Institute of Nahdlatul Ulama (IAINU) Tuban regarding the concept of Ihsan and its implementation in community life. The urgency of this study is based on the strategic role of PAI students as future educators who are required to integrate spiritual dimensions and social ethics into their personalities. This research employs a quantitative approach with a descriptive survey method. Data were collected through a Likert scale questionnaire instrument that had been tested for validity and reliability, distributed to a sample of students selected through proportional random sampling. Data analysis was carried out systematically using descriptive statistics to calculate the mean value and categorization percentage across cognitive, affective, and applicative dimensions. The results indicated that the overall level of understanding of Ihsan among PAI students at IAINU Tuban falls into the low category, with a total mean score of 1.909. In detail, the affective dimension recorded the lowest score, indicating a weakness in the internalisation of spiritual consciousness, while the applicative dimension showed a slightly higher score but remained within the low category. It is concluded that there is a significant gap between the idealism of the Ihsan concept and the actual understanding of students in the field. These findings provide important implications for the need to reconstruct character-building strategies and the PAI curriculum, emphasizing the aspect of inner spiritual internalisation over mere formalistic cognitive knowledge transfer to produce graduates with authentic social piety.

This research examines criminal law policy in handling special narcotics crimes and their social impacts on Indonesian society. Narcotics crime constitutes an extraordinary crime that threatens public health, security, and social resilience. Therefore, the state implements criminal law policies through penal and non-penal approaches regulated in statutory provisions, particularly the Narcotics Law. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of criminal law policies in combating narcotics crimes and to examine the social impacts arising from the implementation of such policies. The research method used is normative legal research employing statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that criminal law policies in narcotics control still face various challenges, including ineffective law enforcement, prison overcapacity, and social stigma against narcotics users. The social impacts are not only experienced by offenders but also affect families and the wider community. Consequently, criminal law policies that prioritize restorative justice, rehabilitation, and preventive measures are urgently needed to reduce negative social impacts and to ensure sustainable protection for society in Indonesia.

This study aims to conceptually examine the role of visual media in Arabic vocabulary learning and its relevance in the context of education in the digital era. Vocabulary mastery is a fundamental component in learning Arabic; however, in practice, vocabulary learning often encounters various challenges, such as the abstract nature of vocabulary, low student motivation, and the dominance of conventional teaching methods. This study employed a qualitative approach using library research. Data were obtained through a review of relevant scholarly sources, including books, journal articles, and previous research related to visual media and Arabic language learning. Data were collected through documentation techniques and analyzed using content analysis to examine the concepts, roles, and effectiveness of visual media in Arabic vocabulary instruction. The findings indicate that visual media, both conventional and digital, play a significant role in improving vocabulary comprehension, strengthening memory retention, and increasing students’ motivation and engagement in the learning process. Visual media also help transform abstract vocabulary into more concrete and contextual representations, making learning more meaningful and effective. Nevertheless, the implementation of visual media still faces several challenges, including limited facilities, teachers’ digital competence, and the suboptimal use of technology in learning activities. Therefore, it is necessary to develop innovative instructional strategies and enhance teachers’ competencies to ensure that visual media can be utilized effectively and sustainably in Arabic language learning.

The need for learning materials that can adapt to students’ abilities and characteristics has made the development of AI-based adaptive learning resources increasingly important in elementary education. However, limited digital literacy and high workloads among teachers hinder optimal implementation. This Community Service Program aimed to enhance the competencies of teachers at Sekolah Alam Ananda Mandiri Slawi through workshops, guided practice, and hands-on development of AI-supported adaptive materials. The method included preparation, conceptual presentation, technology demonstration, guided practice, pre–post evaluation, and follow-up support. The results showed a significant improvement, with teachers’ competence in the “good” category increasing from 22.5% to 82.5%, and all participants (100%) successfully producing at least one adaptive module and one deep-learning-based material component. Furthermore, 92% of participants reported that the program greatly improved their digital literacy and pedagogical understanding. Thus, this activity effectively strengthened teachers’ competencies and provided a strong foundation for the sustainable integration of AI-based adaptive learning materials in elementary classrooms.

This study aims to describe the role of Biology Education Community Service Program students in improving the quality of biology learning at SMPN 1 Mappakasunggu. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the Community Service Program students played an active role in various aspects, from lesson planning, implementation of teaching and learning activities, to evaluation of learning outcomes. In addition, the Community Service Program students were also involved in mentoring simple practicums that helped students understand biology concepts more practically. They also contributed to the development of innovative learning media that facilitated students' understanding of the material. The presence of Community Service Program students at the school had a significant positive impact on improving students' conceptual understanding, motivation, and learning activity. Students showed higher enthusiasm in participating in biology learning and experienced improvements in their learning outcomes. Thus, the Community Service Program teaching program is a tangible form of student contribution in supporting the improvement of education quality, especially biology learning in schools with limited resources. This program also provides valuable experience for students to be directly involved in the world of education and have a positive impact on society.

This study aims to map the direction of criminal punishment policy formulated in criminal law provisions, test claims of humanizing punishment through sanction design and the principle of individualization, and describe forms of repression that operate through normative flexibility, law enforcement discretion, and morally nuanced criminalization. The research method used is normative legal research, utilizing both a legislative and conceptual approach to analyze the norms, principles, and objectives of punishment. The results show that Article 51 articulates the objectives of punishment, including the rehabilitation of offenders, community protection, and the restoration of social balance. However, this provision functions primarily as normative legitimacy for a flexible sanction architecture. The existence of alternative punishments and oversight mechanisms refines the form of punishment while expanding state intervention into the social life of offenders. Furthermore, the regulation of conditional sentences and adjustments to the implementation of sanctions increase the discretion of law enforcement officials. Repression does not disappear, but rather shifts through regulations on morality, public order, recognition of living law, and the threat of symbolic punishment, shifting the relationship between the state and individuals toward ongoing administrative control.

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students in science through the application of an experimental learning model on the material of changes in the state of matter. The study used a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach with the Kemmis and McTaggart model which includes the stages of planning, implementation of actions, observation, and reflection. The subjects of the study were 20 fourth-grade students of SDN Daan Mogot 1. The study was conducted in two cycles. Data collection techniques included learning outcome tests, observation of teacher and student activities, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively by calculating the average value and percentage of learning completion, and qualitatively through descriptive analysis of the observation results. The results showed that the application of the experimental method was able to improve the quality of the learning process and student learning outcomes. Teacher activity increased from the sufficient category in cycle I to very good in cycle II, while student activity increased from the good category to very good. Increased student activity in observing, discussing, recording results, and drawing conclusions from experiments had a positive impact on understanding the concept of changes in the state of matter. Student learning completion also increased although not all of them reached the classical standard of 80%. Thus, the experimental method is effective in improving the activeness, quality of the learning process, and the science learning outcomes of fourth-grade students. Although material reinforcement and a variety of learning strategies are still needed to optimize learning outcomes.

Village Fund management plays a crucial role in promoting local development and community empowerment. However, its implementation often encounters challenges related to limited community participation, insufficient transparency, and the varying effectiveness of government programs. This study aims to analyze the accountability of Village Fund management in Benteng Poco Village, Wae Ri’i District, Manggarai Regency, focusing on three dimensions: process accountability, program accountability, and financial accountability. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and reviews of official village documents. The findings indicate that process accountability has been implemented adequately through village deliberations and the use of the Siskeudes administrative system, although community understanding and participation remain limited. Program accountability is carried out through regular evaluation meetings, yet the effectiveness of several programs is hampered by insufficient technical support and lack of sustainability. Financial accountability demonstrates a commitment to transparency, particularly through the publication of budget information, although the presentation of financial data remains difficult for some villagers to fully understand. This study highlights the need to enhance community involvement, simplify public financial information, and strengthen program support mechanisms to achieve transparent and accountable Village Fund governance.  

The increasing incidence of violence against women and children requires an active and effective role of public organizations in providing sustainable protection. This study aims to analyze the role of the Population Control, Women’s Empowerment, and Child Protection Office (DP5A) of West Sumba Regency in handling cases of violence against women and children. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis from purposively selected informants and analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, supported by source and technique triangulation. The findings indicate that DP5A has performed its facilitative, educational, representative, and technical roles; however, their implementation has not been optimal. Major obstacles include limited facilities such as the absence of a permanent safe house, inadequate operational infrastructure, limited human resource capacity, underutilization of information technology and digital media, as well as cultural and administrative constraints. This study concludes that institutional strengthening, capacity building of personnel, optimization of technology utilization, and enhanced cross-sector collaboration are essential to improve the effectiveness of protection for women and children at the local level.

Learning Al-Qur’an and Hadith in secondary schools is still largely influenced by traditional assessment practices that prioritize written examinations and memorization, which are insufficient to capture students’ actual competencies. This situation often leads to less meaningful learning and limits the development of students’ deep understanding and Islamic character. In essence, Al-Qur’an and Hadith education is intended not only to ensure mastery of theoretical content but also to encourage the internalization and application of Islamic values in everyday life. For this reason, authentic assessment is viewed as a suitable approach because it evaluates learning outcomes in a more comprehensive manner, covering cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. This study aims to analyze the implementation of authentic assessment in Al-Qur’an and Hadith learning at the secondary school level and to examine its effectiveness in improving students’ understanding and learning engagement. The research employed a quantitative method, with data collected through a Google Form questionnaire distributed to students and analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results demonstrate that authentic assessment contributes to deeper conceptual understanding, enhances practical skills such as proper Qur’anic recitation based on tajwid rules and hadith memorization, and promotes active, confident, and responsible learning attitudes. Overall, authentic assessment provides more meaningful learning experiences and represents an effective alternative assessment strategy to improve the quality of Al-Qur’an and Hadith learning in secondary schools.

This study's objective is to describe the implementation of teaching modules as a Christian Religious Education learning strategy at Palangka Raya Christian High School. Teaching modules are used as learning tools in the Merdeka Curriculum to help teachers design structured, contextual, and student-centered learning. Seventeen students in the tenth grade served as research subjects for this study, which employed a descriptive qualitative method. Data collection was carried out thru observation of the learning process, analysis of learning documents, and evaluation results of student learning. The study's findings show that the implementation of teaching modules is able to support the systematic implementation of learning, increase students' active participation in discussions and group activities, and help achieve fairly good assessment results. Nevertheless, some constraints were found in the implementation of learning, such as time limitations and supporting facilities. Overall, the implementation of the teaching module has positive implications for improving the quality of the Christian Religious Education learning process and outcomes, and has the potential to be developed sustainably to shape students' character based on Christian values.