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The study is entitled The Development of The Indonesian State Law and Its Implications in The Dimension of The Rule of Law. This research begins with the formulation of Article 1 paragraph (3) of UUD 1945 which states that “The State of Indonesia is a state of law”. Described as a rule of law, Indonesia is responsible for always following the law as a means of achieving its goals. The law of the State that regulates the administration, government and institutions of the state is regarded as the foremost guard in achieving the ideals of a country. In its history, the Indonesian Civil Code has passed through many dynamics of all time and has arrived at the present time to dedicate its functions. However, the unavoidable development of the world makes the law including the Law of the State must always adapt to various developments. However, in its implementation the law of the state has always faced with various implications. For that, this study was written with the primary purpose of finding out how the Law of State Order has implicated its development in the modern era in the dimension of the rule of law. In completing his research, this paper uses the method of research of the juridic study with the data collection system of the study of the library.

This research investigates how organizational culture influences cadets' perceptions of empowerment training and shapes their leadership styles within the transportation management sector in Jakarta. Through qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys with cadets from diverse work environments—collaborative and hierarchical—the study explores the differential impacts of organizational culture on leadership development. Findings reveal that cadets in collaborative environments perceive empowerment training more positively, citing benefits such as teamwork, decision-making autonomy, and mentorship. These cadets tend to exhibit transformational leadership styles characterised by motivation, adaptability, and team empowerment. In contrast, cadets in hierarchical environments often adopt transactional leadership styles focused on task compliance and adherence to hierarchical structures. The study highlights the importance of tailored training programmes that accommodate diverse leadership styles and cultural contexts within transportation management education. Recommendations include integrating soft skills development, establishing mentorship programmes, and implementing continuous feedback mechanisms to enhance training effectiveness. By addressing these dynamics, educational institutions can better prepare cadets for leadership roles in dynamic professional environments, contributing to sectoral advancement and sustainability.

This study examines the complex dynamics of retirement planning among manufacturing workers in Batam, Indonesia, focusing on the interplay between financial behavior, social influence, and retirement planning outcomes. Utilizing a quantitative associative approach, the research surveyed 100 workers from diverse demographic backgrounds in Batam's manufacturing sector. The study employed Smart-PLS 3 software for structural equation modeling and path analysis. Key findings reveal that while financial behavior positively influences retirement planning (β=0.196, p=0.032), social influence exhibits a much stronger positive effect (β=0.858, p=0.000). Interestingly, social influence negatively moderates the relationship between financial behavior and retirement planning (β=-0.176, p=0.037), suggesting that social factors may sometimes counteract individual financial practices. These results underscore the complexity of retirement planning in industrial urban settings, highlighting the need for a nuanced approach that considers both individual financial literacy and broader social contexts. The study concludes by recommending holistic strategies that combine traditional financial education with community-based interventions to enhance retirement planning effectiveness among workers in rapidly developing industrial cities like Batam.

This research is motivated by challenges in monitoring and developing public services in the Malang Regional Government which require an integrated approach. Investments in human resource development and information technology are needed to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of supervision. Increasing the budget for guidance and supervision, strengthening the independence of supervisory institutions, and utilizing information technology are considered solutions to improve the quality of public services. The research method used in this research is a qualitative method with a literature study approach. This approach was chosen because it allows researchers to explore and understand the phenomenon of coaching and supervision in the context of public services through analysis of various relevant sources of information. The qualitative method focuses on an in-depth understanding of the existing context, processes and dynamics, making it suitable for studying the role of coaching and supervision in improving the quality of public services in the Malang Regional Government. Literature study as part of this qualitative method involves collecting and analyzing data from various sources such as books, academic journals, official government reports, and related policy documents. The research results show that guidance and supervision in the Malang Regional Government has an important role in improving the quality of public services. Coaching is carried out to increase the capacity and performance of state civil servants, while supervision aims to ensure employee compliance with applicable regulations. The main challenges faced are limited human and technological resources. Suggested solutions include investing in human resource development, increasing the budget for guidance and supervision, strengthening the independence of supervisory institutions, and utilizing information technology to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of supervision.

This research aims to provide deeper insight into the historical dynamics and impact on the region. In analyzing the data, the authors used qualitative methods to understand more deeply the events and motivations behind the exodus of the Yemeni Hadrami Arab Community to Makassar. Primary data from historical documents and trade letters are analyzed narratively and interpreted to identify important patterns and events. Apart from that, secondary data is used to provide a broader picture of the role of the Arab Hadrami Community in Makassar at that time. The exodus of the Arab Hadrami Community to Makassar is an important event in Indonesian history. In the 17th century, they migrated from Hadramaut, Yemen, to Indonesia, especially South Sulawesi. Their goals included trade, the spread of Islam, education, and the formation of mixed families. Hadrami Arab traders brought various trade goods, such as silk cloth and spices, to trade with the local population. This trade had a significant impact on the local economy and helped make Makassar an important trading center.

This study aims to describe and analyze the Changes in the Function of Ngadu Tanduk Dance as a Traditional Dance of the Siulak Panjang Village Community. The type of research used is qualitative with a descriptive method. The instrument of this study is the researcher himself, with supporting instruments such as stationery and mobile phones. The data collection techniques used are literature studies, observations, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis techniques used include data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and data verification/conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that the Ngadu Tanduk Dance is a dance that originated from Siulak Panjang Village, Siulak District, Kerinci Jambi Regency. The change in the function of the Ngadu Tanduk Dance reflects the social and cultural dynamics of the local community that continues to develop. This dance initially only had a traditional function but now it also has an entertainment and performance function. Changes in function in the Ngadu Tanduk Dance are influenced by internal and external factors that interact in the context of the community. The internal factors that affect are changes in people's mindsets and the need for entertainment and cultural identity. While external factors are changes in the agricultural cycle and the influence of globalization and modernization.

Through the use of instructional games, this study investigates the function of student engagement in the acquisition of the English language. This study uses a combination of in-depth interviews, thematic analysis, and direct observation along with qualitative research methodologies to investigate the dynamics of student interaction in a game-based learning environment. The findings demonstrated that the usage of games greatly enhanced language proficiency, student engagement, and communication abilities. During the game sessions, there was a 40% rise in the use of new vocabulary and a 60% increase in English verbal contact. Furthermore, 80% of groups demonstrated greater levels of cooperation, and 75% of students actively participated in class. The use of mother tongue has decreased by 30% as well. This study shows that game-based learning has significant potential to enhance students' linguistic competency and collaborative skills in learning English, despite obstacles like uneven participation and other distractions. The significance of choosing games that are suitable, providing scaffolding, managing the classroom well, and incorporating formative assessment strategies are all practical implications for educators.

Investigates the idea of muhkam and mutasyabih stanzas in the Qur'an and the connected religious ramifications. Muhkam refrains are stanzas that have clear, unequivocal and express implications, giving a strong legitimate premise and standards in Islamic lessons. Mutasyabih verses, on the other hand, contain symbolism and metaphors that enhance the spiritual and intellectual aspects of the sacred text and have meanings that are ambiguous and necessitate in-depth analysis. This study demonstrates that muhkam verses provide Muslims with clear practical and legal guidance, whereas mutasyabih verses encourage deep reflection and the development of theological understanding by analyzing the characteristics, functions, and purposes of these two types of verses. In interpreting the Qur'an, where muhkam and mutasyabih verses complement one another in conveying the Divine message, the study emphasizes the significance of a comprehensive and holistic understanding. These verses have important theological implications for the development of contemporary Islamic thought, including a deeper comprehension of God's nature, the essence of Islamic teachings, and the dynamics of interpreting sacred tex.

This research was carried out with the aim of finding out  the Batu Bolah Dance works at the Miss Tahto Art Studio, Kampar Regency, Riau Province. The method used in this research is a descriptive method using qualitative data. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation techniques. In this research, the author conducted direct interviews at the Miss Tahto art studio with 3 people involved, namely, Misselia Nofitri as choreographer, Riska Juliani as dancer, and Gilang Ramadhan as musician. Based on Soedarsono's theory, the Batu Bolah dance has several movements, namely, the opening movement, the movement to pick flowers, the movement to take the shawl, the movement to stab, the movement to propose to the protected princess, the movement side by side, the movement facing each other, the movement to play with the scarf, the commander's arrival, the movement to look for puti protected, movement of resistance, movement of citizen unrest, movement of anger, and split stone movement. The musical instruments used are calempong oguong, katepak, gong, flute, djembe, drum and accordion. The floor designs used are straight line and curved line floor designs. The dynamics in this dance are changing levels, changing tempo, and changing energy. The theme of this dance tells about the legend of the split stone. The costumes used by female dancers are plain red clothes with borkat decorations on the shoulders, yellow mixed with red editing using a bun, a yellow scarf wrapped around a green belt, earrings and necklace accessories. The costumes used by male dancers are red bolos shirts, yellow tanjaks, yellow songkets and green belts. The make-up for female dancers uses beautiful make-up. The make-up for male dancers uses character make-up as a king. The stage used is a proscenium stage. The property used is a shawl. The lighting used is white light.

The purpose of this writing is to find out how social media or social media influences the evolution of the Indonesian language. Using qualitative research methods. The results and discussion show that analyzing the impact of social media on the Indonesian language in the three aspects discussed previously—vocabulary development, informal language use, and the spread of regional languages—can be concluded that social media has a significant role in the evolution of the Indonesian language. Even though it brings various conveniences in the dissemination of information and social interaction, the use of social media also poses challenges to maintaining good and correct language standards. The use of new vocabulary, informal language, and exposure to regional languages ​​show complex dynamics in the development of Indonesian in this digital era. Therefore, it is important to continue to encourage appropriate language use and promote healthy digital literacy in order to maintain the quality and diversity of the Indonesian language for future generations.  

This research explores the representation of fear in the context of leaving Batak culture as depicted in the film "Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap". Through a content analysis approach, this study investigates how the fear associated with leaving cultural identity is reflected in the narrative, visuals, and characters in the film. Qualitative methods are used to analyze various film elements, including dialogue, plot, setting, and cultural symbolism. The findings indicate that the film portrays the complexity of fear experienced by individuals confronted with the conflict between tradition and modernity. These representations provide insights into the cultural dynamics within Batak society and their implications for individual identity. The study contributes to understanding how fear is associated with cultural change and how it is reflected using Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis framework. The goal of this study is to use Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis method to uncover the moral lessons that are subtly conveyed in films.  The study uses qualitative descriptive methodologies and centers on specific cinema moments.  While connotation is investigated to uncover the hidden meaning behind these indicators, denotation is used to identify signs as they seem on the surface.  Myth analysis is another method used in this research to find concepts that are implied by the movie's plot.  Through the use of Roland Barthes' semiotic approach, the study unveils "Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap"'s intricate and multilayered narrative structure. The research findings offer profound insights into the ways in which the film uses verbal and visual cues to convey moral lessons to its audience.  This study enhances our knowledge of semiotic analysis in the context of film by shedding light on symbolic representations and hidden messages in audiovisual art.

This study aims to analyze the effect of money supply (JUB), e-money transactions, and the BI 7-Day Reserve Repo Rate on the inflation rate in Indonesia in the period 2012 to 2021. The background of this research is based on the increasing use of non-cash transactions and the dynamics of monetary policy in maintaining price stability. The method used in this study is the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to measure the short-term and long-term relationship between variables. The analysis shows that JUB and e-money have a positive influence on inflation in the long run, while BI 7-Day Rate has a negative and significant effect on inflation. Simultaneously, the three variables show a significant relationship with inflation, indicating the importance of controlling monetary instruments in maintaining price stability in Indonesia. This study contributes to the understanding of the role of payment system innovation and interest rates in controlling national inflation.

This thesis  aims  to  find  out  the  Space Contemporary Dance  by  Mu'ammar Ghadafi in Pekanbaru, Riau. This dance was created in 2020. It was first performed at the PASTAKOM  (Contemporary Dance  Market)  event  at  the  Pekanbaru  Cultural Park. This research uses a descriptive method by using qualitative data. The data collection is taken by observation, interviews and documentation. In this study, the research subjects consisted of 5 people. They are 1  choreographer  (Mu’ammar  Ghadafi),  3  dancers  (Muhammad  Sukri, Izadri and Iqbal), and 1 musician (Sulaiman). It used Soedarsono's theory. Space Contemporary Dance has some elements in the movements such as igal, acrobatics, jumping, body writhing, hand and zapin fist movements. The music used is a digital musical instrument. The dramatic design in this dance is in the form of a single cone dramatic  design  because  the  stages  of  the  flow  in  this  dance  are  increasing towards the climax and slowly continuing to the decreasing stage. The dynamics in this dance are changes in level and tempo. The main theme is about the relationship between human social life and God of the universe. The clothes used in this dance only uses black shorts without top. This dance uses beautiful and bold make-up. It does not use props, only shawl accessories.

Pancasila, as the basis of the Indonesian state, not only acts as a constitution but also as an ethical system that underlies national and state life. In the midst of the challenges of globalization and modernization, the values ​​of Pancasila are experiencing significant tests. This article explores the concept and urgency of Pancasila as an ethical system, highlighting the reasons for the need for Pancasila as a moral guide in everyday life. Through historical, sociological and political approaches, this article analyzes the dynamics and challenges faced by Pancasila as an ethical system. A deep understanding of the essence of Pancasila as a source of values ​​and the urgency of its existence in shaping national character is the main focus of the discussion.

The study aims to analyze the speech patterns of children who have hyperactivity disorders in the classroom context. The observational approach is used in this study to learn how the children respond to the instructions given. Children with adhd tend to have difficulty understanding complex instructions, so researchers need to highlight appropriate communication patterns and avoid giving them overly complex instructions. Interactions start with conversations between language researchers and communicative behaviors, so that children with adhd can more readily understand the content of a conversation and respond favorably. The study uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The data-gathering technique used was the triangulation or fusion of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study show difficulties in maintaining attention, as well as difficulties in understanding and following instructions given in conversation in children with ADHD. These observation activities provide new insights into the children's behavior and characteristics with adhd, as well as proper treatment measures to meet their needs in social interaction.

Given the importance of working capital in firm dynamics, the main objective of this research is to highlight the main gaps and insights in the working capital literature and suggest future research, as well as to know the development trend of working capital management research published by leading journals. For this reason, a bibliometric analysis was carried out using bibliographic information from Scopus for the topic "working capital management." The method used in this quantitative research uses Bibliometric analysis. A quantitative analytic approach was used to analyze published studies from 1992 to 2022. The mapping software used was VOS Viewer and biblioshiny R to analyze the data obtained and visualize research trend data. The results of the analysis show that the development of articles with the theme of Working Capital Management continues to increase from year to year, although not constant and essential. The most published authors of articles on Working Capital Management are Karri, T. and Michalski, G. The United Kingdom is the country most cited. 2019 was the year with the highest number of publications on Working Capital Management. The International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering is the highest source that occurs in 2019. Business, Management and Accounting are the most mentioned trending topics with a total of 38%.

In an era of increasingly fierce business competition, creative and innovative marketing strategies are an important factor to attract consumer attention and encourage sales. This article presents a case study from a shoe and sandal shop NeedShoes which succeeded in improving its business performance through a unique and interesting creative campaign. Using historical methods, literature studies, and case studies, this article explores the background of the shoe and sandal retail industry, analyzes NeedShoes' creative campaigns in depth, and identifies success factors, challenges, and valuable lessons that can be adopted by other businesses.    

Entrepreneurship and innovation are two key elements in strengthening economic growth and creating added value across various industry sectors. This study aims to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurship development strategies and competitive dynamics in fostering innovation. The research methodology employed includes both qualitative and quantitative analyses of data from various industries and markets. Findings indicate that the use of targeted and adaptive entrepreneurship development strategies can enhance a company's competitive position in a volatile market. Additionally, healthy competitive dynamics and interactions among market players also play a crucial role in stimulating innovation through healthy competition and productive collaboration. The practical implications of this study highlight the importance for companies to develop entrepreneurial strategies that focus not only on creating economic value but also on generating social and environmental value. Moreover, collaboration between companies, governments, and educational institutions is necessary to create an ecosystem that supports sustainable innovation. This research contributes to understanding the complex dynamics between entrepreneurship, competition, and innovation in the rapidly changing global economy.      

This research explores the electrolysis process of a mixture of copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4) and aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) solutions using carbon electrodes. The main objective is to understand the mechanism of gas formation and metal deposition efficiency. In the experiment, CuSO4 and Al2(SO4) solutions )3 with a concentration of 0.5 M each is used as the electrolyte, and carbon electrodes as the cathode and anode. During electrolysis, the electric current causes copper ions (Cu²⁺) to move to the cathode, undergo reduction to copper (Cu), and deposit on them. cathode. Aluminum ions (Al³⁺) tend to remain in solution due to the higher reduction potential. At the anode, hydroxide ions (OH⁻) from water are oxidized, producing oxygen gas (O₂). and oxygen gas at the anode. The efficiency of copper deposition was analyzed by measuring the mass of deposited copper. This research provides insight into the dynamics of electrolysis of CuSO4 and Al2(SO4)3 mixtures, as well as their potential in electrochemical applications. In conclusion, the use of carbon electrodes is effective for the deposition of pure copper and the production of oxygen gas as a by-product.

The Indonesian government has made various efforts to overcome this health problem, such as through the National Health Insurance (JKN) program which aims to provide more equitable access to health services for the entire population. This study aims to identify and analyze key health policies in Indonesia, as well as evaluate the successes and challenges in their implementation. The research method uses the literature review method to analyze, identify and analyze key health policies in Indonesia, as well as evaluate the successes and challenges in their implementation. The research method uses the literature review method to analyze, identify and analyze key health policies in Indonesia, as well as evaluate the successes and challenges in their implementation. Literature review is an effective method for collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing information from various sources relevant to the research topic. The results of the study show that the importance of health policies in Indonesia to improve public health. Through the identification of key health policies, evaluation of their successes, and challenges in their implementation, this study provides an in-depth understanding of the political dynamics that influence health policies. In conclusion, by identifying key health policies, evaluating their success, and facing challenges in their implementation, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the political dynamics that influence health policies.