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The community needs to participate in the formation of the Draft Law on Customary Law Communities. By looking at the various problems that occur regarding Community Participation in the Formation of Draft Laws, the prevalence of Draft Laws does not realize community participation in the formation process, especially the Draft Law on Customary Law Communities. This raises issues and questions regarding community participation in the formation of the Draft Law on Indigenous Peoples, whether it has been implemented or not. Arnstein stated that community participation is synonymous with community power (citizen participation is citizen power). This research aims to determine, describe and analyze Community Participation in the formation of the Draft Law on Customary Law Communities. This research uses qualitative methods, namely interviews, observation and documentation. The research and research results use Arnstein's theory, namely delegated power, that the Draft Law on Customary Law Communities is included in the Delegated Power stage (delegated power). Therefore, the urgency of community participation in the formation of the Draft Law on Customary Law Communities is very important.

An internal combustion engine is a device that functions to convert thermal energy from burning fuel into mechanical energy. The Cdi ignition system is an electronic ignition system that works by utilizing a capacitor charge and discharge. CDI variations have an influence on engine torque on motorcycle engines. At 5700 rpm the motor uses a standard CDI the resulting torque is 7.11 Nm, and on a racing CDI the torque generated is 7.45 Nm at 5900 rpm. The standard CDI generated power is 6.64 hp at 7500 RPM, pan at the resulting CDI racing power is 6.79 at 7300 RPM. From the results above the standard and racing power has a difference of (2.25%) and the standard and racing torque has a difference of (4.78%). Overall using this CDI is designed to be more aggressive than standard CDI. of the two CDIs that have been tested, the racing cdi has a performance value on a 100cc Honda Supra motorcycle engine.

Electrical power is a very important source for life. One of the electrical components is a distribution transformer which is used to transmit electrical voltage from the substation to the load center. Every year the electricity demand increases, so that the transformer works optimally, you must also pay attention to the loading. Load imbalance on electric power distribution transformers always occurs and this imbalance occurs due to the use of electrical energy. The current flowing in the neutral conductor of the transformer causes an imbalance in the transformer load and losses, namely losses due to the neutral current in the neutral conductor of the transformer. When analyzing mass, use quantitative methods. After analysis, it shows that the transformer is in an unbalanced state where neutral current appears in the transformer. To determine the efficiency of the distribution transformer  

Cosmetics have varied purposes, including cleansing, increasing brightness, changing appearance, and protecting or maintaining certain conditions. The applicable cosmetics regulations are explained in the BPOM provisions, which mandate registration before cosmetics can be used by consumers. In this research, the results of two literature reviews are presented that support this statement. The first study by (Chandra Adi Gunawan Putra, 2023) shows that the need for state involvement in protecting consumers arises because of the power imbalance between business actors and consumers. The second study by (Ribka Amanda Dera, 2019) the regulation of cosmetic products has been regulated by BPOM number 12 of 2020 article 2 paragraph 1 which emphasizes that cosmetics producers must ensure that their products which will be distributed both domestically and abroad meet the criteria, safety and security standards. benefits, quality marking, and claims. The results of both studies show that the importance of terms and conditions related to cosmetics are under law and regulated in the Republic of Indonesia Constitution, the Health Law, provisions issued by the Minister of Health and decisions taken by the Head of the Republic of Indonesia Food and Drug Supervisory Agency and in BPOM regulations starting from formulation to product withdrawal. So that any party who commits an illegal act by producing or distributing pharmaceutical or cosmetic products without a permit will receive applicable sanctions in accordance with legal provisions.    

This paper presents an optimization approach for a hybrid photovoltaic (PV)-wind-battery energy system tailored for remote areas in Indonesia. Due to the archipelagic nature of the country, many remote areas lack access to the national power grid, making renewable energy solutions crucial. This study utilizes a genetic algorithm to optimize system configurations, balancing energy production, storage requirements, and cost efficiency. Results indicate that the proposed hybrid system can meet local demand with high reliability and at lower costs compared to diesel generators. The study also addresses environmental and social impacts, proposing sustainable energy strategies for Indonesia's underserved regions.

The integration of Green Internet of Things (Green IoT) systems in agriculture presents a promising solution for addressing critical challenges in water and energy usage. This study investigates the impact of real-time monitoring and data-driven irrigation control on resource optimization in precision agriculture. By incorporating soil moisture sensors, solar-powered IoT devices, and data analytics, the system aims to reduce water and energy consumption, enhancing sustainability in farming practices. The research finds that the Green IoT system can reduce water usage by up to 40% compared to traditional methods, while energy consumption is decreased by approximately 25% through the use of solar energy. The study also explores the advantages of implementing IoT-enabled systems, which ensure precise water delivery, preventing over-watering and under-watering, thereby improving crop yields and reducing waste. Despite these positive outcomes, the research identifies key challenges such as high initial costs, limited infrastructure in rural areas, and concerns related to data security. These barriers hinder the widespread adoption of Green IoT systems, especially in developing agricultural regions. Nonetheless, the findings highlight the potential of Green IoT to foster sustainable agricultural practices by promoting efficient resource use and reducing environmental impact. The study suggests that further research should explore the long-term economic implications of Green IoT adoption and investigate ways to overcome technical and financial challenges. Additionally, expanding the scope of Green IoT to other agricultural sectors, such as livestock farming, could enhance its applicability and overall impact on agricultural sustainability.

The need for electrical energy in modern life is crucial; however, conventional energy sources such as coal, gas, oil, and nuclear have limitations in their availability. Therefore, people are searching for renewable alternatives for electrical energy. This study aims to evaluate the voltage, current, and revolutions per minute generated by a DC generator, as well as the efficiency of a turbine intended for emergency lighting in a tent. The research involves testing the turbine at seven different head heights, ranging from 20cm to 80cm. In this experiment, a water pump with a flow rate of 5 liters per second is used to supply power to three 8-watt DC lamps. The research results indicate that the maximum power that can be generated for tent lighting is approximately 20.83 watts, with an efficiency of 61.09%, achieved at a head turbine height of 50cm.  

This research is a remarkable initiative that aims to empower villagers, especially kartars and local communities, to understand and harness the power of digital content for education, promotion, and social empowerment. The training consists of various factors in the world of digital content, including photography, writing, online marketing, and social media management. The method of implementing community service program activities begins with an approach to students of Sunan Giri University Surabaya, using methods known as Participatory Action Research (PAR), Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD), and a mixed approach. Activities were carried out in the Hall of Panjunan Village Hall, Sukodono District. The methods applied involved implementation methods in community service programs as well as training and counseling methods. The active involvement of the participants, creating strong cooperation between students and the community, thus creating a sustainable positive impact in the utilization of digital content to improve the quality of life and community empowerment.

The use of technology aligned with the principles of modern office administration. Cenderawasih university students in the department of Office Administration Management are equipped with computer technology skills, particularly Microsoft Office programs. This research aims to assess students’ skill in using Microsoft Office programs i.e. Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Power Point. This quantitative research uses test instruments given to active students in each year group. Results show that students' skill in using the three Microsoft Office applications is only at a low to moderate level. For specific application, namely Microsoft Excel, low and medium skill students were found almost equal in quantity. This research could be used as an evaluation for the university department to improve its student skills.

The Tridharma of Higher Education contains three important points, namely education, research and community service. Community service on this occasion was carried out with partners from Yapim Mabar Vocational School.  In the era of digitalization, student creativity is very important, so it is necessary to provide computer programs such as Ms. Office, including Microsoft Power Point. There is a need for training on computer applications related to Microsoft Power Point, therefore the proposed solution is in the form of training to equip vocational school students with the ability to understand Ms. Power Point, this ability is very necessary in completing assignments, organizing the results of interesting material presentations given by school teachers or university lecturers later.

One of the most powerful weapons from the LGBT group today is the drama - drama and film - film they produce, this research is to provide a new view, of how the boys love play can affect the existence of the LGBT group in our midst - and how psychosexual theory views the phenomenon, whether it becomes a basis for a person's sexual orientation to be lesbian, Gay or bisexual. The methods used were qualitative research and literary studies. This approach was chosen because researchers want to explain or describe in detail the phenomena occurring in society, in this case the thought structure experienced by audiences in the drama "boys love". Psychosexual theories view that the concept of self and the direction of sexual orientation of a person is formed from the early stages of childhood development - childhood, at which stage a person is strongly affected by the concept of oneself regarding the direction of sexual orientation. In the future, so, all of the psychosexual processes that have been undergone by those confused looking for sexual orientation, have finally found justification because of the compulsion of psychosocial narcissism themselves.

Children with special needs are children who have physical, mental and social characteristics that are different from normal children. ADHD is a disorder in which you see symptoms of poor concentration, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which can cause an imbalance in most life activities. Parents have control over many factors that can positively influence their child's symptoms. The role of parents in developing the character of children with ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) aims to develop the character of children with ADHD in terms of the child's emotional and social aspects. Adjusting life as a parent who has a child with ADHD so that the child can grow and develop optimally according to his or her potential. The Role of Parenting Styles in Handling Hyperactive Children (ADHD) in SLB Pedagogia Surabaya. Research shows that the type of parenting given to children with special needs is carried out with a democratic parenting style, and balances the power of easy control in providing education to children in an appropriate way.  

This article is an interpretive study of the Istikharah prayer taught by the Prophet Muhammad SAW as mentioned in several hadith histories. Through the content analysis method, the author tries to examine the meaning of prayer using descriptive analysis methods. From this analysis, information was obtained that there must be a change in understanding of the concept of Istikharah which is often understood as a form of "asking" Allah what the best option is. The change in question – which does not evaluate current understanding – is to understand that Istikharah is the process of activating tawakal. It contains istikhār, istiqdār and istifdāl. Istikhār is a request to choose the best based on Allah's knowledge, starting from the awareness that He is All-Knowing while we do not know. Istiqdār is a request for the best destiny based on Allah's power, because He is Almighty while we are helpless. Istifdāl is a request for great grace. The next process is taukil al-amr (presentation of work) to Allah. If it is good, then it is delicious, easy to do and a blessing. If it's bad, turn away, look towards something better and be happy with His fate. This understanding will lead us to the conclusion that the best attitude of Istikharah is hūsn al-zānn (good prejudice) towards God and satisfaction with His destiny.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the comic "Solo Leveling" by Chu-Gong, focusing on the storyline, characters, setting, themes and messages conveyed. The storyline begins with the introduction of a modern fantasy world inhabited by Hunters, warriors with magical powers, who fight against monsters from the dungeon. Sung Jin Woo, as the weakest Hunter, becomes the central point of the story after being selected by a mysterious system that gives him rare abilities. Sung Jin Woo's battles against various enemies, including humans and monsters, become the center of the story, while character analysis reveals Sung Jin Woo's emotional complexity and key role in the narrative. The story's detailed settings, diverse dungeon locations, and diverse cultures and races provide a strong visual framework for readers. Themes such as power, battle, and dungeon secrets dominate the story, giving depth to the narrative. The messages that emerge involve struggle and survival, mystery, increasing power, conflict against humans and monsters, and the discovery of secrets and sources of power. With the combination of these elements, "Solo Leveling" offers an immersive reading experience, motivating readers to continue following Sung Jin Woo's epic journey and exploring a world full of mystery, magic and exciting battles.

In order to improve the community development business system so that it is more productive and efficient, technology is needed. The introduction of technology that has developed in society is technology that has been developed in a modern way, or what is known as "appropriate technology" or technology and its applications which have the characteristics of being decentralized, relatively small scale, labor intensive, energy efficient and closely related to local conditions. The socialization activity was held on Saturday, July 28 2022 at 13.00 WITA at Moncongloe Bulu Village, Moncongloe District, Kab. Maros. This activity aims to provide information to the community. To provide information to the community, especially residents of Moncongloe Village, Maros Regency, about various appropriate technologies in midwifery services and how to use appropriate technology in midwifery services, which includes how to use and utilize them. This educational process uses a lecture method with the help of powerpoints and leaflets and educational videos. The results obtained from this activity are that the mothers who participated in this service activity become more understanding and know more about how to use appropriate technology in midwifery services. The assessment is based on the participants' responses and enthusiasm in receiving the material provided. Including positive responses from participants in answering questions correctly when asked by the presenter.    

The purpose of this research is to represent the jargon of the "Partai Wong Cilik" (Party of the Little People) in political discourse leading up to the 2024 political campaign and to examine the forms of hyperreality present in the discourse of the "Partai Wong Cilik" jargon. The research method employed is descriptive with a critical discourse analysis approach by Teun A. van Dijk. The primary data used is derived from discourse texts published on the media platforms kompas.com and detik.com during the period leading up to the political year. Subsequently, the data is analyzed using Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis to examine the representation, symbols and signs, as well as the power used to influence, control, and shape social reality.Discourse is understood as a political context action in the "wong cilik" jargon within the information media. The research results indicate that Van Dijk's Critical Discourse Analysis reveals that the slogan, although directed towards positive representation, also serves as a symbolic power tool used to garner political support. The data shows that behind this identity narrative, there are political motives that emphasize party benefits and power, opening space for critical awareness of political identity dynamics and rhetorical strategies in a dynamic social context. This analysis illustrates that political discourse can create an exaggerated reality, inviting readers to question and seek further understanding related to the complexity and concrete reality and political symbols used.

This research aims to test the analysis of the influence of price, promotion, shop atmosphere, and service quality on purchasing decisions at the cake shop, Dapur Daya Tanjungbalai, both partially and simultaneously. This research aims to see whether there is an influence of price, promotion, shop atmosphere and service quality variables on purchasing decisions at the Dapur Daya cake shop. This research uses the Likert scale method. The subjects used in this research were 100 Power Kitchen consumers and were taken using accidental sampling and using the Lemeshow formula. In this research, data analysis uses validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, partial and simultaneous tests. Data analysis techniques using the IBM SPSS statistics 25 program. The results of this research show that overall each partial test states that there is a significant and positive effect between the variables. Based on the results of testing the coefficient of determination, the Adjusted R Square value was obtained, namely 0.984 or 98.4%. This means that the influence of the independent variables, namely price, promotion, shop atmosphere and service quality on the dependent variable, namely buyer decisions, is 98.4%. Meanwhile, 1.6% is influenced by other factors not included in the regression model.

This research aims to explain that the anomalies created by globalization are driving changes that the public in general is not aware of, where the Baduy people, especially the Outer Baduy, are starting to violate the traditions they hold. Globalization has encouraged hidden capitalism which has succeeded in breaking into the realm of daily life and activities carried out by the Outer Baduy people because the area they live in has been used as a tourist attraction and this has become an opportunity for capitalists to achieve maximum profits; by building market chains (mini markets, accommodation and other public facilities), distributing their products to the Outer Baduy community for sale, and forcing the community to integrate with modern culture such as using smartphones, modern equipment and consuming food. light. Hegemony is the reason this hidden power dynamic of capitalism persists in the lives of the Outer Baduy people, by instilling consumer values and promoting certain products as symbols of status and modernity. This research uses a qualitative analysis method which is based on objective observation; and also uses secondary data obtained through library data collection techniques. This research concludes the need to fight against the hegemony of capitalism through awareness and solidarity from traditional leaders together with the Outer Baduy community in maintaining their traditions and values so that they remain sustainable in the future.

South Korea is one of the countries in the Asian region that has successfully implemented cultural diplomacy as a tool to achieve its country's interests. Apart from using music and film media, the Korean Wave is also able to spread through the Korean Beauty (K-Beauty) trend. K-Beauty is a natural facial skin beauty trend from South Korea. Korean Wave has succeeded in bringing K-Beauty to become increasingly famous in Indonesia and has also become a variety of cosmetic product choices for Indonesian women in choosing skin care and cosmetic products. Korean Wave has succeeded in making K-Beauty products a trend in the Indonesian cosmetics market by involving South Korean artists as Brand Ambassadors. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of the Korean Wave as South Korea's cultural diplomacy on the achievement of South Korea's state image in the field of Indonesian cosmetics. This research uses a qualitative approach to produce descriptive data. This research method uses documentation originating from digital repositories and official documents. The theories and concepts used in this research are the theories of neoliberalism, complex interdependence, soft diplomacy and cultural diplomacy. The research results show that the Korean Wave was formed as a South Korean Soft Power instrument which is based on popular culture, then exported to various countries in the form of cultural products, one of which is K-Beauty which can later be enjoyed by the wider community in various countries

This study is about the idea of toxic masculinity as reflected in The Power of The Dog by Jane Champion based on the toxic theory of masculinity by Terry A. Kupers. In Kupers' theory, masculinity has toxic characteristics in the form of misogyny, wanton violence, aggression, and dominance. The researcher uses qualitative methods in conducting this research. Researcher focused on written data in the form of scripts from movie related to toxic masculinity. The researcher uses Jan Mukarovsky's dynamic structuralism approach. There is a relationship between toxic masculinity and hegemonic masculinity. There are many toxic masculinity traits that can be found in society. However, researchers limit the properties contained in the movie. The purpose of this study is society has knowledge about the characteristics of toxic masculinity and one factor of toxic masculinity. The results of this research contained 19 data which are characteristics of toxic masculinity and factors that cause toxic masculinity. Researcher found 4 (four) data covering the characteristics of misogyny, 2 (two) data on naughty violence, 6 (six) data on aggression, and 3 (three) data on dominance and 5 (five) factors to motivate toxic masculinity. The conclusion of this research is that the idea of toxic masculinity is not only dangerous for women but also for men. And the factor of the occurrence of toxic masculinity can also be due to trauma from the past.