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Marriage is a sacred contract between a man and a woman as husband and wife, which aims to build a Sakina family. Marrying into a Sakina family requires not only physical and psychological preparation, but also social, financial, emotional and responsible preparation. Therefore, limiting the age of marriage is an important principle. This is because the Marriage Law and Civil Code clearly regulate and define the age limit for marriage in such a way that all prospective husband and wife must be truly mature physically and mentally. However, underage marriage still occurs in Bantul Village, which has an impact on family welfare. Based on the explanation above, the author formulates the problem as follows: (1) What are the factors causing underage marriage in Bantul, Malang Regency?; (2) What is the impact of underage marriage on household welfare? By using a qualitative descriptive approach to describe some of the data obtained from the field through interviews, observation, or documentation as data collection methods. Furthermore, it proceeds to the process of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing by using data analysis techniques. In addition, the analysis process is also supported by literature review as a reference to refine the data obtained from practice. Such a process allows us to draw conclusions as answers to the two questions above. From the research findings, it can be concluded that the factors causing underage marriage in Bantul village are economic factors, education, parents, customs, and pregnancy outside marriage.

Children with special needs are children who have their own individuality in terms of types and characteristics, which distinguish them from normal children in general. Learning difficulties are more related to psychological disorders such as frustration, anxiety, adjustment barriers and emotional disorders, so learning difficulties can be related to psychological factors, especially personality, adjustment disorders and self-confidence. This study aims to determine the learning difficulties experienced by students with special needs. The method used is descriptive using qualitative data analysis so that it becomes an easy-to-understand data exposure. The selection of research subjects consisted of one classroom teacher, one GPK teacher, and one student with special needs. The results showed that there were students with special needs who were categorized as slow learners. Students experience difficulties during the learning process such as difficulty recognizing letters and numbers.    

Children with special needs are children who have their own individuality in terms of types and characteristics, which distinguish them from normal children in general. Learning difficulties are more related to psychological disorders such as frustration, anxiety, adjustment barriers and emotional disorders, so learning difficulties can be related to psychological factors, especially personality, adjustment disorders and self-confidence. This study aims to determine the learning difficulties experienced by students with special needs. The method used is descriptive using qualitative data analysis so that it becomes an easy-to-understand data exposure. The selection of research subjects consisted of one classroom teacher, one GPK teacher, and one student with special needs. The results showed that there were students with special needs who were categorized as slow learners. Students experience difficulties during the learning process such as difficulty recognizing letters and numbers.    

The level of aggressiveness and violent crime among teenagers is increasing, with social psychological factors playing an important role in this phenomenon. This research aims to understand the root causes of aggres sive behavior in adolescents and its impact, in order to develop effective intervention strategies. Through literature study methods, this research collects, reads, records and analyzes objectively, systematically, analytically and critically the social and psychological impacts of aggressiveness among adolescents. Results from a review of several journals show that aggressive adolescent behavior is caused by various factors, including hormonal changes, brain development, family parenting, domestic violence, mental disorders, peer influence, and media exposure.    

The aim of this research is to find out: (1) How interaction patterns between teachers and deaf students are studied at the Keleyan Bangkalan State Special School; and (2) What factors hinder interaction between teachers and deaf students in learning at the Keleyan Bangkalan State Special School. This qualitative descriptive research interviewed one teacher. Data was collected through observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis and drawing conclusions are data collection techniques. (1) The interaction patterns of teachers and deaf students in learning are shown by the research results: a) the use of verbal patterns, which is carried out by combining verbal and non-verbal communication, so that deaf students can get used to using verbal patterns; b) the use of nonverbal patterns in learning interactions between teachers and students by teaching the alphabet word by word, so that students can understand the material provided. (2) Factors that hinder teacher interaction are a) psychological factors of deaf students because they have low intelligence, which makes it difficult for them to understand the material, and b) semantic factors because deaf students have to repeat lesson material. In addition, teachers try to interpret one word at a time during learning interactions because deaf students have difficulty in semantics.

Domestic violence is basically formulated as any form of behavior that causes physical and psychological suffering to someone who is within the scope of the household. Records on domestic violence show a consistent and significant increase in the number of cases. Criminalization of domestic violence victims often occurs such as the case experienced by Valencya, she was reported by her husband until finally the Prosecutor charged Valencya with violating the article 45 ayat (1) junto Pasal 5 huruf Undang-Undang Nomor 23 tahun 2004 tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga (UUPKDRT). The purpose of this study is to analyze the prosecutor's demands in Valencya's case study and examine the concept of legal protection for criminalization of victims of domestic violence. This research uses a case approach and a statutory approach. The data obtained are analyzed descriptively. The findings of this study show that law enforcement uses the domestic violence law to criminalize women victims of domestic violence. But with all considerations, the JPU finally dropped the one-year prison sentence in Valencya's case to acquittal. Therefore, awareness of the importance of consistency in law enforcement is needed, especially in handling domestic violence cases in order to decide appropriately and in accordance with applicable law. The rights of victims of domestic violence are rights obtained by every Indonesian citizen, which is affirmed in article 3 of the Law on Domestic Violence. This research is for all walks of life. However, in practice the rights of victims of domestic violence have not been fulfilled in their entirety. The number of victims of domestic violence who, after undergoing recovery, have to return home and receive violence again from their husbands, this is of course a very crucial problem. And the criminalization of domestic violence victims is an issue that must be considered. The purpose of this study is to examine the criminalization of victims of domestic violence.

This research discusses the negative impact of the internet on society, especially related to cases of sexual violence and revenge porn. Through a descriptive qualitative approach with secondary data analysis, this research highlights a tragic case in Pandeglang, Banten, where a female student, IAK, became a victim of rape and distribution of revenge pornographic content by her ex-boyfriend, Alwi Husein Maolana. This case reflects the complexity of the challenges in dealing with sexual violence in cyberspace, where victims face various forms of physical and psychological violence, as well as threats and blackmail. Even though the perpetrator was punished under the Information and Electronic Transactions Law (UU ITE), there is the potential to charge him with other articles related to sexual violence, rape and coercion. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive and fair law enforcement in dealing with cybercrime and sexual violence, as well as the importance of deeper awareness and understanding of related legal concepts to protect victims and punish perpetrators appropriately. Thus, this research provides valuable insight into the need for legal reform and public awareness in addressing the negative impact of the internet on sexual violence.

Adolescence or adolescence comes from the Latin adolescere which means to grow or develop to reach maturity, where children are considered adults if they are able to reproduce. Teenagers are people aged 10-19 years, where this period is a special and important period because during this period the maturation process occurs. reproductive organs. This period is a unique transition period because physical, emotional and psychological changes occur. Adolescence is also called the transition period from childhood to adulthood where children do not want to be considered children but cannot physically be called adults. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2016 globally there were 35 million people experiencing depression, 60 million people with bipolar disorder, 21 million people with schizophrenia and 47.5 million people with dementia. Depression is also a cause of death due to suicide with 850,000 cases a year. The average number of cases of depression suffered between teenagers and adults, namely in the age range 15-29 years. Data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health in the United States, the rate of major depression in teenagers rose more than 50%, namely from 8.7% to 13.2%.

Increasing employee work productivity is a major concern for companies. Its decline can be fatal to the company's profits and survival. Therefore, this literature study was made to understand the concept of psychological well-being and how its application can increase employee work productivity. This research uses the literature review method or literature review. This method is systematic, specific, and consistent in conducting in-depth identification of various sources of information. This literature study resulted in findings that the dimensions of psychology and employee productivity have a close relationship and influence each other. A good psychological dimension can increase motivation, focus, creativity, teamwork, and employee job satisfaction, which ultimately has an impact on increasing productivity. Conversely, a bad psychological dimension can reduce all these factors and result in decreased productivity.

This research is motivated by the fact that nearly 70% of children who are newly enrolled and start learning at Bunda Kartika Kindergarten in Patumbak, Deli Serdang, have difficulty adjusting to the new learning environment. This stage of learning in kindergarten is their first step into formal education. According to the Ministry of Education and Culture Regulation No. 137 of 2014 on national standards for early childhood education (PAUD), it sets national standards for PAUD, including aspects of child development that must be met during the learning process. These standards cover various aspects of child adjustment such as socio-emotional, language, cognitive, and motor skills. This research aims to identify the nature of adjustment problems occurring in kindergartens and early childhood education by understanding the aspects of adjustment and the supporting and inhibiting factors for new students in adapting to the new environment. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method, where the researcher conducts objective interviews and environmental observations. Data collection techniques include document review, observation, and interviews. The results of the study indicate several issues related to children's adjustment, ranging from psychological factors, prenatal environment, parenting styles, to socialization problems in the school environment. These factors significantly impact early childhood development and require special attention in the context of preschool education.  

The Covid-19 pandemic has had quite a big impact on human life, including in the fields of education, economy, culture and society. Unplanned presence forces the community to adapt to existing changes. Starting from the largest unit, namely the country, down to the smallest unit, namely the family, there are problems being faced due to the Covid-19 pandemic. One of the phenomena that occurred was the increase in Domestic Violence (KDRT), which doubled the number from previous years. Even though the law on the elimination of domestic violence has been formed to address the problem of domestic violence. This research aims to describe the phenomenon of increasing domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic from a socio-legal perspective. The research method is qualitative with a literature study approach. Research results show that the increase in cases of domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic was caused by large-scale social restrictions, often abbreviated as PSBB, which required victims, namely women or wives, to remain with the perpetrators of violence, namely men or husbands. Economic problems are one of the factors that can give rise to conflict between husband and wife which leads to violence, differences, culture, infidelity, etc. Forms of domestic violence include physical, economic, psychological violence and household neglect. The conclusion from the research is that the Law on the Elimination of Domestic Violence cannot truly eradicate domestic violence because victims often do not report it to the authorities due to the strong patriarchal culture.    

. In the city of Surabaya, a large number of female online ojek drivers face problems such as prejudice, non-disclosure, and dangerous working conditions. While there are laws against violence, the quantity of sexual incidents suggests a lack of consistency in their application. By providing skills development, legal support, and psychological counseling, the Gerakan Sayang Perempuan Ojek Online (GASPOL) initiative seeks to strengthen safety and self-determination for female online ojek drivers. This research uses descriptive qualitative methodology and collects data through observation, documentation, and interviews. William N. Dunn developed evaluation criteria for the GASPOL program, which include effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, alignment, responsiveness, and accuracy. The GASPOL program met the needs of the participants, was efficient in using resources, and effective in improving the safety and competence of women drivers. In addition, the program was sensitive to feedback from participants and successfully distributed benefits equitably. Despite the success of the program, there are still challenges that influence public opinion, such as gender bias. To increase acceptance of women drivers, more outreach and education is needed.   Keywords: , , , , (Times New Roman, size 10 font Italic)

This research aims to describe allusions in the news text of the Central Java Tribune as an alternative teaching material in high school. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection was carried out using the note-taking research method, selecting news texts that used figurative language styles and listening carefully, directed and carefully to primary data sources. Based on the news text, the news text 'Up Again! Complete Fuel Prices Throughout Indonesia Thursday 13 April 2023 Check Central Java Prices' taken from the April 2023 edition of the Central Java Tribune website found the use of metaphor, metonomia and allegory. In relation to its suitability as an alternative teaching material in high school based on suitability to students' cognition, suitability to character education, suitability to students' language, psychological aspects, and cultural background aspects, the use of figurative language styles in news texts is suitable for use as an alternative teaching material. in high school and references that help Indonesian language subject teachers in appreciating Indonesian literary works, especially in prose.

Research has been carried out on the Strategy of Akhlak Teachers in Instilling Character in Students at MTs Yaspend Muslim Pematang Tengah. This research is a qualitative research using a descriptive qualitative approach. This research only tries to reveal or describe the facts that exist in MTs Yaspend Muslim Pematang Tengah. The researcher acts as a key instrument. The data sources used are secondary and primary data sources. The approaches used are: a) pedagogic approach, b) psychological approach, and c) social approach. The results obtained include: Objective conditions regarding the character of students at MTs Yaspend Muslim Pematang Tengah in general, students have good character. The visible characters shown by students in the MTs Yaspend Muslim Pematang Tengah environment can be concluded as; Students tend to be obedient, polite to all teachers and to fellow students, disciplined, calm and earnest and always maintain harmony and intimacy with others. b) There are several supporting and inhibiting factors for teachers of moral aqidah in instilling character in students at MTs Yaspend Muslim Pematang Tengah, and c) Teachers providing guidance through lectures (at school and at home), it is recommended/required to read a lot of things related to religion ( relating to the formation of character for students with problems continue to be given direction so as not to repeat the mistakes they have made, students with problems are handed over to the BK teacher (BP teacher) for guidance.    

Nutritional problems in adolescents still occur in Indonesia, one of the problems is the incidence of undernutrition and overnutrition. Rapid growth (grow spurt) occurs during adolescence, so it is necessary to pay attention to the nutrients it consumes.  The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between energy intake, physical activity, and stress levels with nutritional status in female santri of Sunan Ampel Dormitory, Mamba'ul Ma'arif Islamic Boarding School Denanyar Jombang.  This study is a correlational study using a Cross-Sectional design. The research sample amounted to 63 santris obtained by purposive sampling method. Data were collected directly using a 2x24 hour food recall questionnaire to obtain energy intake data, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF) questionnaire to obtain physical activity data, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (KPDS) questionnaire to obtain stress level data, and anthropometric data measurements to obtain nutritional status data. Data analysis used the Fisher Exact Test. The results showed that: 1) there is a relationship between energy intake and nutritional status, 2) there is no relationship between physical activity and nutritional status, and 3) there is no relationship between stress levels and nutritional status. Suggestions in this study for female santri of Sunan Ampel Denanyar Jombang Dormitory to be more concerned about maintaining healthy food intake patterns by paying attention to the amount, type and frequency of food consumed. and sufficient physical activity to maintain normal nutritional status and prevent adverse health risks.    

Legal protection for children who are victims of domestic abuse is an issue that requires serious attention in the legal system. Children who experience abuse in the domestic environment are vulnerable to long-term physical, psychological and emotional impacts. This article discusses legal protection efforts that can be taken to protect children who are victims of domestic abuse. This research explores the international and national legal framework that regulates children's rights and their protection, and focuses on legal instruments that can be used to address this problem. Through a normative legal analysis approach, this article outlines various steps that can be taken by relevant institutions and authorities to ensure strong protection for children who are victims of domestic abuse. Some of the recommended steps include increasing public awareness regarding children's rights, strengthening cooperation between child protection agencies, the police, and the justice system, as well as expanding the definition and enforcement of laws related to domestic abuse. This article also reviews challenges that may arise in the implementation of legal protection efforts, including underreporting of cases, stigmatization, and imbalances in access to justice. Therefore, integrating a multidisciplinary approach and providing psychosocial support to child victims is also an important focus in overcoming this problem. By integrating legal, social and psychological perspectives, this paper concludes that legal protection for children who are victims of domestic abuse requires a comprehensive approach involving various stakeholders. Only through concerted efforts to strengthen the legal framework and its implementation, and ensure equitable access to justice, can children be effectively protected from the impacts of abuse in the domestic context.

This study aims to analyze law enforcement efforts against under-aged marriages in Indonesia, identify factors that cause under-aged marriages in Indonesia, and find out the implications of law enforcement efforts against under-aged marriages on child birth certificate registration. The research method used in this article is normative legal research which is analyzed qualitatively with a statutory approach and a case approach. The results of this study show that marriages that are only carried out based on religious law or beliefs, without being officially registered, are legal in religion, but not in the state. Factors that cause underhanded marriages include economic factors, social factors, psychological factors, and religious factors. The legal consequences caused by underhand marriages are detrimental to women and children resulting from these underhand marriages, one of which is difficulty in managing the registration of children's birth certificates. This study concludes that siri marriage/underhand marriage is recognized as religiously valid in Indonesia, but has no legal force because it is not registered at the KUA/Civil Registry in accordance with Law No. 1 of 1974. As a result, the marriage has no legal consequences for the couple and their children.

Mood or mood is an important part of a person's psychological well-being. Several studies show that physical exercise can positively influence mood. One of the factors that influences an athlete's mental and emotional readiness is mood. Mood Profile for Weightlifting athletes is an important factor that needs to be analyzed. This research aimed to determine the relationship between athletes' moods and the success rate of snatches in weightlifting athletes at PABSI Jatim Surabaya before PORPROV 2025. This qualitative research used mixed methods. Mixed methods is a research approach that combines or associates qualitative and quantitative forms. A research method that uses qualitative data and is described descriptively. The Total Sample Method is a sampling method with the number of samples equal to the population. The sample was taken using total sampling because the population was less than 100 and the entire population was used as the research sample (Masturoh & Anggita, 2018). The sample that can be used is the population sample taken from Provincial Weightlifting athletes (aged 13 - 23 years) totaling 8 people and is only limited so that they can be used as one training group by filling in a mood profile questionnaire and recording the snatch technique. Of the 8 respondents who took the snatch test, all appeared confident. However, when holding and doing the snatch, there is a feeling of doubt and anxiety about whether or not you can accept the weight of the snatch if it is already above. However, after doing the snatch test, he also felt happy by releasing endorphins in his body. The results of the before and after research show that the "Medium" category with the highest percentage is the anger indicator (AMR) of 71.43% and 42.86%, and the confused mood indicator (SSB) of 53.57% and 71%. Indicators with moderate percentages include full energy indicators (PNT) of 85.71% and 75%, self-assessment (PDR) of 80.36% and 80%, and depression (DPS) of 44.64% and 63%. The percentage of fatigue indicators (KLH) was 53.57% and 42.85% and tension indicators (KTG) were 57.14% and 50%. The conclusion of the research on the analysis of the relationship between athlete's mood and the success rate of snatches in weightlifting athletes at PABSI East Java, Surabaya is in the "Medium" condition. Negative mood conditions in the "Medium" category such as fatigue, anger, tension, confusion, and depression indicate that athletes are not feeling stressed mentally and physically. Meanwhile, positive mood conditions in the "Medium" category make athletes have a good mood, such as being full of energy and self-confidence. This is possible because the training portion is good and the conditions leading to PORPROV 2025 are still quite long. So there are still many athletes who experience good mood conditions so the presence of this athlete's mood also supports the athlete's successful performance both during training and during competitions.      

In this digital era, social media has become an integral part of people's lives, offering opportunities for connection and self-expression. However, excessive use of social media can have a negative impact on mental health, giving rise to the phenomena of FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) and JOMO (Joy of Missing Out). FOMO describes the anxiety and fear of being left behind by the latest information or trends, which can trigger anxiety and depression. In contrast, JOMO is the happy feeling of being free from the stress of social media, which increases happiness and mental well-being. This research analyzes the psychological factors underlying FOMO and JOMO, as well as their impact on mental well-being, through a communication psychology approach. The method used is literature study and in-depth interviews to collect empirical data. The results showed that FOMO increased anxiety and depression, while JOMO increased happiness and gratitude. Strategies to reduce FOMO and promote JOMO involve limiting time on social media use and practicing mindfulness.  

: The aim of this research is to find out how legal protection is for minors as recidivists of criminal acts of theft and the causal factors in Gorontalo City. The method used is an empirical approach based on field facts, then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The research results show that legal protection for children who are recidivists is provided during the legal process, starting from the investigation, arrest and detention stages. The legal process is carried out in accordance with the provisions of the SPPA Law, and prioritizes the needs, development and growth of children, both physically, mentally and socially. The implementation of legal protection for children who are in conflict with the law, especially for repeat criminals or recidivists, is carried out in the same way as for first-time perpetrators of other criminal acts, but the only difference is that diversion efforts are not applied to those who are recidivists. The protection carried out by the police is to fulfill children's rights in every ongoing legal process; The investigation prioritizes a family atmosphere; and Separate Detention. The cause of children becoming recidivist perpetrators of the crime of theft in Gorontalo City is environmental factors; Economy problem; There is leniency in punishment and lack of effective coaching; and Factors of legal awareness and parental negligence. Therefore, in implementing legal protection for children who commit criminal acts, especially for recidivist perpetrators, law enforcement officers are expected to pay attention to the psychological and social conditions of children, but still prioritize providing a deterrent effect so that perpetrators are afraid to repeat their crimes. These efforts include, for example, implementing existing legal procedures by fulfilling all children's rights, but still carrying out repressive action by providing sanctions as regulated in statutory regulations, and not imposing diversion on perpetrators who repeat criminal acts. Apart from that, the government and especially parents pay as much attention as possible to ensuring life for children, so that they do not become perpetrators of criminal acts such as theft. This is because children are sometimes forced to commit these crimes due to their needs not being met properly, or even due to pressure from other parties.