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Value engineering (VE), is a method used to identify products or work that can potentially reduce the price or cost of production so that the product or work can be more optimal and efficient while taking into account the eligibility or standards of the work. Value engineering in this final project is not only about cost suppression, but also pays attention to the strength and time of implementation which will be determined on a priority scale for each job. There are 2 kinds of analysis methods that will be used, namely pareto analysis and process hierarchy analysis. Pareto analysis is used to find out how much and what work the VE has the potential to do. After obtaining what work items will be carried out by VE, then a process hierarchy analysis (AHP) is carried out to obtain recommendations for alternative choices according to the comparison scale of priority criteria for each work item. In the value engineering stage, there will be 4 stages of the process, the first is the information stage where in this stage a pareto analysis will be carried out to dig up information about the work to be analyzed, then the creative stage where in this stage all creativity will be accommodated as an alternative choice, the third is the stage analysis that will use AHP as the calculation method so that it will get the recommended alternative end result in the last stage, namely the recommendation stage. In the pareto analysis, it was found that there were 5 work items that could potentially be carried out by VE, namely door windows, wall pairs, roof trusses, columns and foundations, each of which had its own priority scale. The results of the AHP from the five work items are sills and window work with class II wood materials with a cost efficiency percentage of 56.14% for P1 and 48.91% for P2, red brick masonry work with a cost efficiency percentage of 5.75%. /m2, wood roof truss work with a cost efficiency percentage of 63.45%/m2, K225 concrete quality column work 200mm long x 200mm wide with a cost efficiency percentage of 5.78%/m3, and K225 concrete quality foundation work 1m long, 1.4m wide and 0.25m thick with a cost efficiency percentage of 0.60%/m3

Mandangin Island is one of the islands in Sampang Regency which has an area of 1650 km 2 with a population of around 3000 people. Most of the people on this island, the majority of whom work as fishermen, generally travel around 12.2 km to Sampang City to buy daily necessities by boarding traditional wooden boats at the Tanglok Sampang port. According to information conveyed by the Head of the Sampang Regency Transportation Service, most or almost all of the passenger ships that dock at Tanglok Port are traditional wooden ships whose actual function is to transport goods, not passengers, which are quite old. The Transportation Department considers the existing ships to be less safe and comfortable and therefore require refreshing. Besides that, wood as the main material in nature is decreasing in quantity so the price is increasingly expensive. The method implemented in this community service is to carry out a fiber glass boat operational training program for traditional boat operators. With this activity, it is hoped that the continued use of fiber glass boats can begin to be used and reduce the use of wooden boats which are relatively more expensive.

Carbon is the material most often used in the manufacture of composite materials. Carbon has a fairly high heat conductivity when it is in the form of graphite of 119-165 W.K/m. However, carbon is difficult to form, so another material that has formability is needed. This study used a mixture of carbon, ceramic and wood glue (PVAc) with variations in the main composition of 65% carbon for specimens 1,2,3 and 65% ceramic for specimens 4,5,6. Testing of all specimens was carried out by heating for 30 minutes, followed by temperature data collection every minute. The data that has been obtained is then calculated to determine the value of heat conductivity and average heat rate of each specimen. The highest value of heat conductivity and average heat rate was produced by specimen 2 with a composition of 65% carbon, 15% ceramic and 20% PVAc, where the value for heat conductivity was 95.346 W.K/m and for a heat rate of 206.7 Watt/second. Carbon can increase the conductivity value and heat rate, but if it is mixed with other materials it will certainly be affected, where ceramic affects the surface of the specimen which can cause cracks and reduces the value of the specimen's thermal resistance, while PVAc affects the reduction of surface cracks due to ceramic hardness when heated but can also become insulator in the specimen when bonded to the ceramic

Serasan Jaya 3 Building Materials Wood Depot is a business engaged in the sale of building material products, especially wood. Until now the Serasan Jaya 3 Building Materials Timber Depot only uses a manual sales and transaction system, which in this case requires a new breakthrough to keep up with technological developments that are developing in the current era because basically almost all ages demand something practical and easier. By looking at some of the existing problems, the researcher tries to design and build an information system for selling goods at the Serasan Jaya 3 Building Materials Wood Depot based on Android, therefore, the author chose this topic for a thesis entitled "Android-Based Sales Information System at Wood Materials Depot Serasan Jaya 3 Building With the Extreme Programming Development Method” which of course provides speed and convenience for the public to make transactions using mobile phones or mobile-based communication devices such as smartphones, tablets, gadgets, and so on. So that it can make it easy for the Serasan Jaya 3 Building Materials Timber Depot to promote products, product prices and make it easier for people to buy products and find out the prices of building material products from mobile devices. Android-Based Sales Information System at the Serasan Jaya 3 Building Materials Wood Depot was built using UML (Unifield Modeling Language) as its design mode and Extreme Programming as a system development method..

Ecology is a branch of biology that studies the relationship between living things and their habitats. Basically, living things depend on other living things or their habitats, so there is a reciprocal relationship between living things and other living things or their habitat. This relationship between organisms or their habitats is an interaction that can be in the form of predation, parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism. This study collected data through direct observation in the field. Mahogany is a semi-tolerant tree that is easy to grow and adapts well to various types of land, including beaches, teak forest edges, and even roadsides. Mahogany plants are often planted on the roadside as protective trees (Prasetyono, 2012). Mahogany has many advantages, because its wood, bark, sap and leaves are all available, and the interaction of biotic and abiotic factors with organisms greatly affects the growth of organisms. The relationship resulting from factors that occur in sonokeling trees, ketapang trees, mango trees and durian trees is an interaction between symbiotic symbiosis and parasitic symbiosis. Symbiosis Symbiosis is a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is not harmed or benefited, that is, the interaction between durian trees and ferns and dragon scales. Parasite symbiosis is a relationship of two organisms in which one benefits and the other is harmed, that is, the interaction between mango trees and benalu.

Colar Living is a part of the Colar Creative Industry that focuses on the sale of kitchenware products made from teak wood. The issue faced by Colar Living is that this brand is relatively new, having started its business for only 3 months, which reduces consumer trust in the products sold through e-commerce. Additionally, some product photos displayed on Tokopedia are less appealing. A more professional product photography process is required to attract buyers and enhance consumer confidence in purchasing these kitchenware products. The methods employed to address the issues faced by Colar Living include interviews, observations, and discussions. The results of the Colar Living product photography process increase consumer confidence when purchasing products and also boost the sales of Colar Living products. The findings of this research are expected to provide insights for Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) entrepreneurs who are just starting their businesses to pay attention to product photography.  

The shortage of availability and increasing prices of Liquefied Natural Gas (LPG) encourage some people to use firewood as an alternative to traditional cooking fuel. The utilization of conventional stoves for combustion results in the generation of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions which can be dangerous to human health. Gasification stoves produce less CO emissions than conventional stoves and produce thermal efficiencies up to 35%. The shortage and high expense of LPG can be avoided by using biomass waste, such as twigs, wood chips, and palm fronds, as fuel for gasification stoves instead of kerosene or LPG. The gasification stove used in the socialization was designed based on the dimensions of the Champion Stove Top-Lit Up Draft. Wood logs that have been cut to a size of 6–9 cm and a width of 1 cm are utilized as fuel. 1.5 liters of water were successfully boiled for nine minutes by KOMAS gasification stoves. This socialization activities attracted the attention community of Batu Belah Village and at the end of this socialization, the team gave gasification stoves to the local community as an effort to apply the technology.

The objective of this community service was to introduce biogas as an alternative house hold fuel and lighting by using beef cattle pen waste at Camplong  forest  area, Kupang Regency East Nusa Tenggara Province through integrated farming system. Methods applied were survey, interview, agricultural extension, demonstration and practical work involving 31 farmers on site. Data were descriptively analysed to offer an alternative solution toward feed supply, the used of fuel wood and food crop farming practice of participants. The result was the realization of farmers work pattern by integrating food crop plant, raising cattle and the use of alternative biogas as a source of fuel and lighting. It can be concluded that farmers at the area of Camplong Kupang Regency are able to integrate crop farming and cattle raising by using the available resources through community service.

Research conducted in Kampung Buatan II, Koto Gasib District, Siak Regency. This conflict occurs because there is a source of conflict that makes this conflict appear continuously. There are demands for land, the use of wood and environmental damage. This research aims to explore and collect information about social conflict, namely the sources of social conflict that arise between the people of Kampung Buatan II and the plantation company PT. Wahana Subur Sawit Indah (WSSI) vehicle and to find out about the efforts made in the process of resolving social conflicts between village communities and the plantation company PT. Wahana Subur Sawit Indah (WSSI) vehicle. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. With a total of five subjects, they were also involved in the conflict that occurred, then it was the native people of the village who knew about the conflict and felt capable of defining and explaining a process of solving the problem based on existing facts. For data collection used were observation techniques, in-depth interviews and documentation. The theories used are conflict theory and social movement theory. Research in the field found that land conflicts were caused by companies not carrying out obligations that should be fulfilled by the company, as well as the emergence of Timber Utilization Permits (IPK), which then became a debate that led to conflict until now. The community has made various efforts to resolve the conflict, but the company still does not heed the things that have been agreed upon. Oil palm plantation companies and communities are always a record of cases of conflict that always exist and land conflicts are also classic problems and tend to drag on throughout the year.

The majority of people in Dadapan village earn their livelihood as farmers, so we can find many plants which have medicinal properties in their yards. However, the knowledge of the Dadapan Village community regarding the use of medicinal plants tends to be lacking. So, a new breakthrough alternative is needed to introduce TOGA to the people in Dadapan Village. Turmeric and secang wood are two of the many TOGA plants that can be used as family medicine. Most of PKK and ASMAN TOGA members are housewives so making ready-to-drink herbal medicine from TOGA plants grown by themselves can be a beneficial activity for the family, and improve the family economy. The results of the questionnaire that has been carried out show that this training is able to increase knowledge about the benefits and methods of making turmeric and secang herbal medicine ready to drink. The percentage before the training was carried out was 73.19%, while after the training it was 97.24, meaning there was an increase in participants' understanding about TOGA by 24.05%.

This research focuses on the analysis of intrinsic elements in the short story "Layang-Layang" by Marya Bernadeth Tukan using an objective approach. The research method used is qualitative descriptive, with the short story "Layang-Layang" by Marya Bernadeth Tukan as the resource. The data collection technique that the researcher used was to read carefully the entire contents of the short story. The analysis technique that researchers use is by examining and discussing the contents of the short story. The results of the analysis that the researchers got was the theme of an unexpected meeting, the characters are Waban and Abel. Waban's character is a loner, a seeker of peace, simple and spontaneous, with a high sense of curiosity, as well as leadership. Meanwhile, Abel's character is mysterious, has a high taste for art, is independent, firm and humble. Marya Bernadeth Tukan writes her story using a third person point of view, this is indicated by the use of the names "Waban, Ia, and Dia". The language style used in the short story is simple and descriptive. The author uses clear words in describing the environment, characters and events in the short story. The setting used is a grass field and a house with wooden walls in the morning and a peaceful atmosphere. The message contained in the short story is the importance of living life with comfort and happiness as the main focus.

This research focuses on the analysis of intrinsic elements in the short story "Layang-Layang" by Marya Bernadeth Tukan using an objective approach. The research method used is qualitative descriptive, with the short story "Layang-Layang" by Marya Bernadeth Tukan as the resource. The data collection technique that the researcher used was to read carefully the entire contents of the short story. The analysis technique that researchers use is by examining and discussing the contents of the short story. The results of the analysis that the researchers got was the theme of an unexpected meeting, the characters are Waban and Abel. Waban's character is a loner, a seeker of peace, simple and spontaneous, with a high sense of curiosity, as well as leadership. Meanwhile, Abel's character is mysterious, has a high taste for art, is independent, firm and humble. Marya Bernadeth Tukan writes her story using a third person point of view, this is indicated by the use of the names "Waban, Ia, and Dia". The language style used in the short story is simple and descriptive. The author uses clear words in describing the environment, characters and events in the short story. The setting used is a grass field and a house with wooden walls in the morning and a peaceful atmosphere. The message contained in the short story is the importance of living life with comfort and happiness as the main focus.

the types of buying and selling transactions and their implementation continue to change and certain types have become a habit of society and are very difficult to avoid without knowing the law. One type of buying and selling transaction that is often practiced is buying and selling sengon wood using a delayed logging system. In this transaction, it appears that one of the parties suffered a loss due to the delay in logging, but this was carried out voluntarily. In this case, the researcher examines the practice of these transactions from the perspective of Islamic law in order to provide legal certainty.

Research has been carried out on the use of wood sawdust as an adsorbent for ikat weaving liquid waste. This research aims to determine the effect of using wood sawdust as an adsorbent on ikat weaving liquid waste. This research was carried out at the IKIP Muhammadiyah Maumere Laboratory and the Maumere Health Service Laboratory. The sample in this study was ikat woven liquid waste which was divided into four treatments, namely Control (K) and the other three were treatments (P1, P2, P3) with the addition of 1,2 and 3 grams of activated charcoal. The method in this research is an experimental method with the research design being True Experimental in the form of Posttest Only Control Group Design. The characteristic tests in this research include a water content test with a value of 0.0833%, and a yield test with a value of 1.9634%. The test parameters used include the degree of acidity (pH), Manganese (Mn) content test and organoleptic test. The research results showed that the pH value before contact with activated charcoal was 9.63 (alkaline pH), and after contact with activated charcoal at a dose of 3.0 grams the pH value became 8.01 (alkaline pH). In testing Mn levels before contact with activated charcoal, the value was 4.60 mg/l and after adding 1.0 grams, 2.0 grams and 3.0 grams of activated charcoal, there was a decrease in Manganese levels respectively, namely from 3 mg/l. , 2.78 mg/l and 1.83 mg/l. Furthermore, for the organoleptic test, there was a change in the color of the ikat woven liquid waste from initially black to clear yellow. Thus, it can be concluded that the addition of activated charcoal from sawdust can have an effect on ikat weaving liquid waste.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the legal protection of child victims of physical violence by biological parents. This research uses a literature review approach by looking for theoretical references that are relevant to the case or problem found. Based on the results and discussion, it is found that the forms of violence experienced by children are physical violence such as: being kicked, hit, thrown with wood, slapped and even hung, resulting in children feeling depressed by the violence they experience and children who experience this rarely communicate with their friends. The sources that trigger physical violence against children are poverty, violence also occurs because the parents are stressed or have complicated problems. Parents' lack of knowledge The existence of children who do not want.

Rangawak is a wood-working workshop in Barulak, Tanah Datar that produces hand-processed products without using massive manufacturing machines. Rangawak has been running since 2019, by utilizing the surrounding wood resources which are designed and processed to produce valuable furniture. However, this is still not enough to make Rangawak a sustainable brand. Rangawak needs more than just a quality product, but also a strong brand image, so it is easily recognized by potential consumers. Branding steps are deemed appropriate to overcome this problem using the design thinking method which focuses on empathy, defining problem, ideation and refining solutions. This method includes experimentation, development of ideas in visual form and physical implementation based on existing problems. The branding process results in the design of ideal branding elements, compiled into a brand book so that it becomes a reference for acting both internally and externally. These elements are in the form of values held firmly by the brand, brand positioning in the market, calm explanation of brand naming, brand personality which becomes a reference for how the brand interacts (in the form of tone of voice, prohibited and recommended terms, pronunciation and choice of words in copywriting), as well as visual identity with guidelines and rules for its application in various supporting media such as websites, catalog books, posters, member cards, packaging and Instagram accounts selected based on indicators of the media's effectiveness and efficiency in the brand activation process.

This study aims to analyze the cost of goods produced by Sinar Harapan's mebel business. Determining the cost of goods produced is very important because it further increases competition that occurs between companies in producing quality products at fairly competitive prices. This research was conducted at Mebel Sinar Harapan Business, a business that produces various types of furniture made of wood. The analysis method used is descriptive quantitative data collected by documentation method which is then analyzed with descriptive analysis techniques with a quantitative approach. Data analysis techniques use the full costing method by calculating raw material costs, labor costs, and factory overhead costs. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the calculation of cost of goods produced as a basis for determining selling prices according to the full costing method is better in analyzing production costs. 

Banjaran Raya Village is one of the villages in Padang Tualang District, Langkat Regency. Banjaran Raya Village has natural resources in the form of oil palm plantations which are one of the main potentials of the village. This article discusses the socialization of training assistance and the use of practical tools for cleaning palm oil waste sticks in Banjaran Raya village. By utilizing palm oil frond waste, the benefits of which not many people know about. Palm Oil Sticks are one of the basic ingredients for making various kinds of craft products which have good beneficial value. The aim of this outreach is to introduce and provide training assistance in the use of practical tools for cleaning sticks with a low accident rate which are made based on student creativity using wood and cutter knives. The method I used in this research was preparation, implementation and evaluation. The expected result of carrying out this activity is that the community will know how to use this practical tool and can help the community's work in cleaning sticks. An indicator of achieving the goal of this socialization is the enthusiasm of village residents with the program being implemented.

The high level of development in Indonesia has led to the need for wooden boards, which can cause damage to the ecosystem due to the continuous cutting of trees in the forest. There is a need for alternative raw materials to replace wooden boards for building purposes. Kluwak shells and aren fruit peels were chosen as the main raw materials for making composite boards in this research activity because these materials are high in cellulose content. This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of composite boards made from kluwak shells and aren fruit peels as a substitute for wooden boards for building purposes. The research data collection process used experimental methods, while the analysis and discussion process used descriptive-quanlitative methods. The results showed that aren fruit peels powder is less suitable for use as raw material for making composite boards, because the powder grains are too fine, making it difficult to be bound by the matrix. While kluwak shell powder is quite suitable to be used as raw material for making composite boards, because the powder grains are not too fine so they can be bound by the matrix

PT. xxx is a company that operates in the business of processing wood in the form of logs into layers that are ready to be marketed. The purpose of this research is to determine employee Take Home Pay after receiving incidental income in the form of overtime pay and bonuses. The sampling technique in this research used the Non-Probability Sampling technique. Data collection was carried out using interviews and documentation methods.The research results show that determining bonuses using the TOPSIS method is different from before the TOPSIS method was used. With this, the Take Home Pay that employees receive before implementing TOPSIS is very different from after implementing the TOPSIS method.