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The prevalence of diabetic ulcers in Indonesia reaches 12-15% of all sufferers. This condition has an impact on the patient's psychological condition in the form of anxiety due to wounds that are difficult to heal, changes in body image, and concerns about the possibility of amputation. One of the nonpharmacological interventions that can help overcome anxiety is the slow deep breathing technique. The purpose of writing this scientific paper is to carry out Nursing Care for Mrs. M with Diagnosis of Diabetic Ulcers using the application of slow deep breathing intervention in reducing anxiety at Az-Zahra Hospital. The writing method is a nursing care process that includes the stages of study, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The subject of care was Mrs. M, a patient with diabetic ulcers in the inpatient room of Az-Zahra Hospital. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observations, documentation studies, and physical examinations, and using a medical-surgical nursing care assessment format. The ethical principles applied use the principles of Nursing Ethics. The results of nursing care showed that after three days of slow deep breathing intervention, patients reported feeling calmer, sleeping better, and anxiety levels decreased from moderate to mild based on observation results and anxiety scales used. This suggests that slow deep breathing interventions are effective in helping to reduce anxiety in patients with diabetic ulcers. It is hoped that patients and families can continue these breathing exercises independently as part of stress management efforts and quality of life improvement.  

Background: Dental caries is a major problem in orodental health, especially in children. The primary cause of caries is the activity of cariogenic microorganisms. Unbalanced remineralization of dental tissue followed by destruction of organic matters may cause cumulative and progressive damage to the tooth structure. Extensive caries lesions that have reached the pulp are an indication for pulp therapy with appropriate crown restoration. Case Report: A 10-year-old boy came with a complaint of a painful cavity in his upper right front tooth. The patient was considered communicative and cooperative. The patient also had a habit of consuming sweets. An intraoral examination revealed extensive caries on the entire surface of 53. A periapical radiograph showed a radiolucent area reaching the pulp cavity on the occlusal surface of 53 with resorption of the apical one-third of the root. Based on the examination results, reversible pulpitis was established as the primary diagnosis. The treatment plan was pulpotomy with a dental crown restoration. Treatment was carried out over four visits. First visit included complete examination, periapical radiography, and pulpotomy. The second visit included core buildup, tooth preparation, and dental impressions. The third visit included try-in and crown insertion, followed by a final follow-up visit. Conclusion: Pulpotomy with dental crown restoration can be an effective clinical approach to restore the function and aesthetics of anterior deciduous teeth, especially in cases that consider aesthetics and cost limitations.

Injuries represent a common health issue associated with physical activity in both recreational and competitive sports settings. Appropriate initial management is essential to prevent complications and to facilitate optimal recovery. This study aims to describe the management of minor sports injuries at the Surisina Primary Health Center based on observational findings Sports and structured interviews with healthcare professionals. The study employed direct observation and structured interviews involving physicians and nurses at Surisina Primary Health Center on November 24, 2025. The findings indicate that sports injury management at the primary healthcare level involves a systematic initial assessment, comprehensive physical examination, and the implementation of simple immobilization techniques tailored to the type and severity of injury. Common injuries treated include sprains, muscle cramps, contusions, lacerations, ankle injuries, and minor fractures. Despite limitations in the availability of immobilization equipment, healthcare services were delivered effectively, supported by adequate patient education on injury care, warning signs, and activity recommendations during recovery. This study demonstrates the critical role of primary health centers in providing initial sports injury management and serving as practical learning sites for students in physical education and health programs.  

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women, largely due to delayed diagnosis. Early detection through Clinical Breast Examination (CBE/SADANIS) is an important strategy to identify breast cancer at an early stage. However, the level of knowledge and awareness of Women of Reproductive Age regarding SADANIS remains low. This Community Service activity aimed to improve knowledge and awareness of SADANIS among Women of Reproductive Age through health education at PMB Rama Agustina. The activity was conducted through preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages. Health education was delivered using interactive lectures and discussions, supported by educational media such as leaflets and posters. Evaluation was carried out using pre-test and post-test questionnaires to assess changes in participants’ knowledge. The results showed an improvement in participants’ knowledge and a positive change in attitudes toward the importance of early breast cancer detection. In addition, participants demonstrated increased interest and willingness to undergo SADANIS examinations, either at the midwifery practice or at nearby primary healthcare centers. In conclusion, this activity was effective as a promotive and preventive effort to support early detection of breast cancer among women of reproductive age.

This study aims to analyze Paul as an educator through an epistemological and methodological examination of his letters, as well as an examination of his teaching style within the context of the early church. This research approach is qualitative theological, employing exegetical and hermeneutic analysis of New Testament texts, particularly Paul's letters. This analysis reveals that Paul's educational epistemology is rooted in his encounter with Christ as the source of all truth and spiritual knowledge. According to Paul, knowledge of faith is not the result of human rationality, but rather God's revelation, understood through the work of the Holy Spirit (1 Corinthians 2:10–13). Methodologically, Paul demonstrates a dialogical, argumentative, relational, and transformative teaching approach. He uses logical and communicative rhetoric to guide the congregation in a reflective understanding of the Gospel and emphasizes the importance of living examples as a means of learning faith (1 Corinthians 11:1). Paul also developed a Christocentric and communitarian teaching style, where the church is seen as a living, mutually edifying space for learning about faith, centered on the love of Christ (Colossians 1:28; Ephesians 4:11–16). The results of this study indicate that education, from Paul's perspective, aims for life transformation, not merely the transfer of knowledge. Paul views education as a process of discipleship that produces new life in Christ (Romans 12:2; Galatians 2:20). Thus, Paul's educational model provides theological and practical contributions to contemporary Christian education, placing Christ at the center of epistemology and love as the primary method of teaching.

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a kidney disorder characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hypercholesterolemia, most commonly occurring in children. This disease can be caused by various conditions, such as minimal change disease, FSGS, or lupus nephritis. This case report discusses a 16-year-old boy who experienced nephrotic syndrome with symptoms of swelling throughout his body, accompanied by decreased appetite and a productive cough. The patient presented with complaints of swelling throughout his body that began 7 days after hospitalization and was accompanied by coughing and shortness of breath. A physical examination revealed massive edema, abdominal hypertympany, and shifting dullness. Laboratory tests revealed proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and decreased serum albumin. Other supporting tests confirmed nephrotic syndrome. The patient received medication therapy including diuretics, corticosteroids in the form of methylprednisolone, and albumin. Nephrotic syndrome in children can develop gradually and requires management that includes steroids, diuretics, and close monitoring of kidney function and electrolytes. Early detection and appropriate treatment can help improve the patient's prognosis.

Diabetes mellitus and hypertension can be prevented through the consistent adoption of a healthy lifestyle. Women participating in religious study groups are an important segment of the community, as they play a significant role in shaping family lifestyles. A total of 30 Muslim women from the Perwiritan Muslimat Al-Jamiatul Amaliyah in Kampung Lalang, Sunggal, Deli Serdang, participated in the community service activities consisting of education and training on the prevention and management of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The activities began with socialization of the community service program, followed by preparation by the team, including the development of educational materials and the design of pre- and post-test instruments. Based on the Wilcoxon test, the educational intervention was found to have a significant effect. This was reflected in an increase in participants’ knowledge regarding diabetes mellitus and hypertension after the intervention. Among the 30 participants, 43.3%  were classified as pre-hypertensive, 40% had stage 1 hypertension, 10% experienced a hypertensive crisis, 3.3% had stage 2 hypertension, and only one participant had normal blood pressure. Of the 30 women whose fasting blood glucose levels were measured, 43.3% were classified as pre-diabetic, 23.3% had diabetes mellitus, and 33.3% had normal glucose levels. The participants expressed their hope that future activities would include cholesterol level examinations.

Permanent tooth loss is a common oral health problem experienced by patients. This condition can be caused by pathological conditions such as tooth decay, leading to tooth extraction. Rehabilitation treatment for partial posterior tooth loss aims to restore masticatory function, maintain occlusal relationships and periodontal health, and improve aesthetics. A 34-year-old man came with a complaint that his lower right posterior tooth had been extracted and wanted a permanent dentures to replace his missing tooth. The intraoral and periapical radiograph examination revealed that 46 was missing, and 47 had enamel caries. The diagnosis for 46 was determined to be partial edentulous. The treatment plan was a PFM fixed-fixed bridge with a sanitary pontic for 46, a rigid connector, and a full crown retainer for 45 and 47. In this case, the choice of PFM bridge is based on several considerations, i.e., high chewing loads, relatively low cost, and high long-term success. The PFM bridge has been the primary choice for posterior tooth rehabilitation, due to its durability and cost-effectiveness.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are major public health problems that develop slowly and are often asymptomatic in the early stages. The Baduy community has limited access to modern health services, resulting in a lack of routine health screening. This community service activity aimed to conduct health screening through uric acid, blood sugar, and blood pressure examinations as an effort for early detection of NCDs in the Baduy community of Kanekes Village, Lebak Regency, Banten. The activity methods included preparation, health examinations, health education, and evaluation. A total of 17 community members participated in the activity. The results showed that 41.2% of participants had elevated uric acid levels, 11.8% had high blood sugar levels, and 47.1% had high blood pressure. This activity increased community awareness of the importance of routine health checks and provided an initial overview of NCD risk factors. Health screening combined with education is expected to contribute to the prevention of NCDs and improvement of community quality of life.

Background: Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE) is the most widely used root canal filling material in primary teeth. Its sedative effect on the pulp and its ability to effectively seal the root canal contribute to the success of pulpectomy procedures. One of the main advantages of ZOE is its slow resorption rate, which allows it to maintain its integrity over time while the primary tooth remains functional. Purpose: ZOE is used to treat reversible pulpitis. Case: An 8-year-old boy came to Soelastri Dental and Oral Hospital complaining of a cavity in his lower left molar that was sensitive to cold. Case Management: The results of clinical and radiographic examinations indicated that the treatment performed in this case was a pulpotomy using ZOE material and a final restoration with SSC. Conclusion: The pulpotomy treatment was evaluated successfully, and the tooth was restored with a stainless steel crown.

Malaria remains a major public health problem in Papua, Indonesia, with a high incidence rate and significant hematological complications. One of the main impacts of malaria infection is anemia caused by a decrease in hemoglobin levels. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between hemoglobin levels and malaria parasite species among patients at Sentani Health Center, Jayapura Regency. This was an analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 50 malaria-positive patients confirmed by microscopic examination were included as samples. Data collected included gender, parasite species, nutritional status, hemoglobin level, and parasite count, analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a 95% confidence level (α=0.05). The results showed that most respondents were male (54%) and predominantly infected by Plasmodium falciparum (66%). The majority had normal nutritional status (40%), and the distribution between normal and abnormal hemoglobin levels was equal (50% each). Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between body mass index and hemoglobin level (p=0.03), but no significant relationship between parasite species and hemoglobin level (p=0.145). These findings indicate that nutritional status plays a more dominant role in determining hemoglobin levels than parasite species variation. In conclusion, anemia among malaria patients in endemic regions is influenced not only by the infecting Plasmodium species but also by individual nutritional factors. Integrated interventions focusing on nutritional improvement and malaria control are essential to reduce anemia risk in endemic areas such as Papua. Malaria remains a major public health problem in Papua, Indonesia, with a high incidence rate and significant hematological complications. One of the main impacts of malaria infection is anemia caused by a decrease in hemoglobin levels. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between hemoglobin levels and malaria parasite species among patients at Sentani Health Center, Jayapura Regency. This was an analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 50 malaria-positive patients confirmed by microscopic examination were included as samples. Data collected included gender, parasite species, nutritional status, hemoglobin level, and parasite count, analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a 95% confidence level (α=0.05). The results showed that most respondents were male (54%) and predominantly infected by Plasmodium falciparum (66%). The majority had normal nutritional status (40%), and the distribution between normal and abnormal hemoglobin levels was equal (50% each). Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between body mass index and hemoglobin level (p=0.03), but no significant relationship between parasite species and hemoglobin level (p=0.145). These findings indicate that nutritional status plays a more dominant role in determining hemoglobin levels than parasite species variation. In conclusion, anemia among malaria patients in endemic regions is influenced not only by the infecting Plasmodium species but also by individual nutritional factors. Integrated interventions focusing on nutritional improvement and malaria control are essential to reduce anemia risk in endemic areas such as Papua.

Excessive alcohol consumption, including traditional alcoholic beverages such as Cap Tikus  (alcohol content ±45%) from North Sulawesi, can induce liver damage characterized by steatosis, inflammation, and necrosis. Leilem leaf (Clerodendrum minahassae) extract, rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds, has potential hepatoprotective effects due to its antioxidant properties. To evaluate the effect of leilem leaf extract on the histopathological features of the liver in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by Cap Tikus alcoholic beverage. This experimental study used a post-test only control group design with 24 male Wistar rats divided into four groups: normal control, negative control (Cap Tikus 2.16 mL/day), treatment I (leilem extract 150 mg/kgBW + Cap Tikus), and treatment II (leilem extract 300 mg/kgBW + Cap Tikus). Treatments were administered orally for 14 days. Liver tissue was processed for histopathological examination using hematoxylin-eosin staining and observed under a light microscope. The negative control group showed significant steatosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. Treatment groups exhibited reduced steatosis and inflammation, along with increased hepatocyte regeneration. The higher dose (300 mg/kgBW) demonstrated greater hepatoprotective effects and more prominent regeneration compared to the lower dose (150 mg/kgBW). No necrosis or fibrosis was observed in any group. Leilem leaf extract exerts a hepatoprotective effect by suppressing inflammatory responses and enhancing hepatocyte regeneration in Wistar rats induced with Cap Tikus. The highest protective efficacy was observed with leilem leaf extract at 300 mg/kgBW.

Learning Al-Qur’an and Hadith in secondary schools is still largely influenced by traditional assessment practices that prioritize written examinations and memorization, which are insufficient to capture students’ actual competencies. This situation often leads to less meaningful learning and limits the development of students’ deep understanding and Islamic character. In essence, Al-Qur’an and Hadith education is intended not only to ensure mastery of theoretical content but also to encourage the internalization and application of Islamic values in everyday life. For this reason, authentic assessment is viewed as a suitable approach because it evaluates learning outcomes in a more comprehensive manner, covering cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. This study aims to analyze the implementation of authentic assessment in Al-Qur’an and Hadith learning at the secondary school level and to examine its effectiveness in improving students’ understanding and learning engagement. The research employed a quantitative method, with data collected through a Google Form questionnaire distributed to students and analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results demonstrate that authentic assessment contributes to deeper conceptual understanding, enhances practical skills such as proper Qur’anic recitation based on tajwid rules and hadith memorization, and promotes active, confident, and responsible learning attitudes. Overall, authentic assessment provides more meaningful learning experiences and represents an effective alternative assessment strategy to improve the quality of Al-Qur’an and Hadith learning in secondary schools.

In the ever-evolving digital era, the importance of cyber law in safeguarding user privacy cannot be overstated. As a distinct legal discipline, cyber law examines regulations that oversee activities in cyberspace, offering legal protection regarding personal data and user privacy. Referring to various credible sources, this article evaluates the role of cyber law in protecting user privacy in the Indonesian context. The article discusses regulations such as the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE), the Government Regulation on Electronic Systems, and the Personal Data Protection Bill. The main elements analyzed include supervision, regulation, resolution, and protection of user rights when facing digital security challenges. The examination shows that cyber law plays a significant role in protecting individuals' personal information, thereby encouraging safer and more trustworthy digital services. Furthermore, the article points out the various challenges faced in enforcing cyber law, such as administrative constraints, inadequate digital literacy, and limited access to justice, especially for those without legal knowledge or support. Consequently, to improve the effectiveness of cyber law, continued efforts are needed to strengthen the digital regulatory framework and provide more comprehensive user privacy protection. This perspective seeks to enhance understanding of the significance of cyber law in safeguarding privacy and proposes recommendations for governments and relevant organizations in addressing privacy issues in the digital age.

This study aims to develop a student learning progress monitoring system designed to assist teachers and parents in tracking students’ academic performance at SMP Negeri 2 Loura. The main issue identified in the school is that academic information is still distributed using manual procedures, which results in delays and limited transparency regarding students’ learning progress. To address this problem, the system was developed using the Model View Controller (MVC) architecture and the Waterfall approach to system development, which consists of several sequential phases such as analyzing requirements, designing the system, implementing the solution, conducting tests, and performing ongoing maintenance. The findings of this research show that the system that has been created is capable of presenting academic information in a complete and structured manner, including assignment scores, daily tests, and semester examinations. The system provides faster and easier access for teachers to input grades and for parents to monitor their children’s academic development in real time. Functional testing shows that all features operate correctly according to user needs, with no errors found during system operation.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a global health problem with continuously increasing prevalence, covering the majority of diabetes cases worldwide. Persistent hyperglycemia in T2DM progressively damages the kidneys. Early assessment of kidney function, especially through the examination of urea levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values, is important to predict CKD prognosis and guide therapeutic intervention. To discover the profile of urea levels and eGFR values in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients at ODSK Hospital, North Sulawesi Province. This study is a descriptive quantitative observational study with a cross-sectional design, conducted retrospectively using secondary data from the medical records of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients at ODSK Hospital, North Sulawesi Province during the period February 2024–August 2025 who met the inclusion criteria. From a total sample of 658 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients, the majority of patients had high urea levels (53.3%). Based on sex, the proportion of high urea levels in males (57.2%) was higher compared to females (50.5%). Meanwhile, the distribution of eGFR values showed that the G1 category was the most frequent (23.9%). However, the majority of other patients (75.1%) were already in categories G2 to G5, which indicates a decrease in kidney function. This decrease in kidney function was slightly more detected in male patients (76.1%) compared to female patients (74.4%). Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients at ODSK Hospital, North Sulawesi Province, have high urea levels and the majority have decreased eGFR values.

Academic stress has become a significant psychological issue among university students, particularly during periods of high academic pressure such as examinations, intensive coursework, and academic performance demands. Excessive academic stress may negatively affect students’ psychological well-being, learning motivation, and academic performance. This study aims to explore in depth the experiences of academic stress and psychological responses among students during periods of high academic pressure. A qualitative descriptive approach with a phenomenological perspective was employed to capture students’ lived experiences. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with six student participants selected using purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis, involving open, axial, and selective coding to identify emerging themes. The findings reveal that the main sources of academic stress include excessive academic workload, time management difficulties, high self-expectations, and external academic pressures. Students experienced varying levels of stress ranging from mild to severe, manifested through psychological responses such as anxiety, emotional instability, mental fatigue, decreased concentration, and reduced motivation. The study also found that students applied diverse coping strategies, including adaptive strategies such as time management, seeking social support, and self-reflection, as well as maladaptive strategies such as procrastination and emotional withdrawal. These findings highlight that academic stress is a complex and subjective experience influenced by individual perceptions and coping capacities. The study implies the importance of supportive academic environments and accessible mental health services in higher education institutions to promote students’ psychological well-being and resilience. The results may serve as a reference for developing preventive and promotive mental health programs for students facing academic stress..    

Myopia is a multifactorial disease, affected by various hereditary and environmental conditions. This literature review aims to evaluate the association between risk factors in incidence of myopia in children aged 6 to 12 years old. A cross-sectional study of elementary students in MI Patihan Kidul, Ponorogo, East Java was performed. Eligible samples were 6 to 12 years old students. Examination was performed on September 7th 2023. The students underwent short history taking, body mass index (BMI), and visual acuity examination. Age, sex, BMI, family history of myopia, sleeping time, screen time, and duration of outdoor activity were examined as risk factors. A total of 336 children met the inclusion criteria, of which 48 (14.2%) of them had myopia. Family history of myopia was proven to increase the risk for myopia on their children (p value 0.012, OR 0.436).  Heredity is a well-established risk factor for myopia. This literature review provides evidence on the positive correlation between family history and the occurrence of myopia in children. 

Radiographic examination of the wrist plays a crucial role in diagnosing fractures, particularly in traumatic cases, and requires precise projection selection, proper immobilization, and adequate radiation protection to obtain high-quality diagnostic images. In theory, wrist radiography commonly includes anteroposterior (AP) and lateral projections; however, observations at the Radiology Installation of RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Delanggu showed that fracture examinations are generally limited to posteroanterior (PA) and lateral projections. This difference highlights a gap between theoretical recommendations and clinical practice, as several references emphasize the importance of projection variation to enhance diagnostic accuracy. This study aimed to describe the wrist joint radiographic examination procedures for fracture cases at RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Delanggu and to examine the immobilization techniques applied during the procedure. A descriptive qualitative design with a case study approach was used, conducted from May to June 2025. The subjects included three radiographers, while the object of study was wrist radiography in fracture cases. Data were obtained through direct observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed descriptively. The findings showed that PA and lateral projections were consistently used, with immobilization achieved using sandbags and foam pads to ensure stability and minimize motion artifacts. Radiation protection was implemented through lead aprons, collimation, and appropriate exposure adjustments. Overall, the procedures followed established radiography guidelines, particularly the Bontrager standard, ensuring both diagnostic quality and patient safety.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of disability among the elderly population. This degenerative joint disease is characterized by progressive damage to the articular cartilage and structural alterations of the knee joint, resulting in pain, reduced mobility, and diminished quality of life. This Community Service Program (PKM) aimed to promote early detection of knee OA through simple radiological screening as a preventive strategy to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disability. The activity was conducted at Asisi Church, South Jakarta, involving 87 participants aged 54–87 years (mean 70.77 ± 7.32 years). Radiological examination was performed using standard anteroposterior knee X-rays, and results were classified according to the Kellgren–Lawrence grading system. Findings revealed that 98.9% of participants exhibited radiological signs of OA, predominantly grade II (60.9%), followed by grade III (21.8%), grade I (11.5%), and grade IV (4.6%), while only 1.1% showed normal results. Female participants (74.7%) predominated across all OA grades, indicating hormonal and biomechanical influences on disease progression. The mean age increased with OA severity, supporting the degenerative theory that aging leads to decreased chondrocyte function and cartilage elasticity. In addition to screening, participants received education on weight management, muscle strengthening exercises, and injury prevention. The results demonstrate that simple radiological screening is an effective, practical, and cost-efficient community-based approach for early detection of knee OA. Integrating such preventive strategies within primary care systems could significantly reduce the burden of disability among the elderly population.