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To respond to the challenges and needs of contemporary society, the public sector must rapidly adapt to digital transformation. The objective of this research is to examine relevant and adaptive human resource development strategies for the digital ecosystem and to evaluate how they impact the quality of public services in the era of technological disruption. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature review and policy analysis. It analyzes best practices from government institutions, both national and international, in developing human resources oriented towards the digital era. Key findings indicate that optimizing human resources requires not only improving technological capabilities or digital expertise; it also requires reconstructing leadership paradigms, flexible organizational cultures, and implementing meritocratic systems and data-driven performance management. It is evident that technologies such as big data analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT) can help improve public services, but the success of these technologies depends heavily on the capabilities and readiness of the employees who manage these systems. An integrated digital talent ecosystem must be built, encompassing continuous training (learning for life), collaboration between government, academia, and business (the triple helix model), and a regulatory framework responsive to technological developments. Furthermore, it is emphasized that developing digital integrity and ethics is crucial as a pillar of good governance in the digital era. Optimizing human resource development strategies systematically and sustainably will enable Indonesia to improve the efficiency of public services and strengthen the competitiveness of its bureaucracy globally. By 2045, adaptable, innovative, and highly integrated human resources will be the primary drivers of a digital government transformation that is inclusive, responsive, and future-oriented.

Tedunan Beach in Seluma Regency, Bengkulu, holds exceptional potential as an ecotourism asset, attributed to its authentic and untouched natural landscape, featuring white sand stretches and a unique mangrove ecosystem. Sustainable tourism development, however, demands active participation and entrepreneurship from the local community, which is key to ensuring the equitable distribution of economic benefits and environmental preservation. This research aims to analyze the current community entrepreneurship models, identify challenges hindering business growth, and formulate strategic opportunities for development. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, data was collected through in-depth interviews with business actors and community leaders, participant observation, and documentation studies. Findings indicate that community-based businesses have grown organically, albeit on a micro scale, encompassing fresh seafood culinary stalls, tourist hut rentals, and local guide services. Nevertheless, this growth is hampered by fundamental constraints: limited access to formal working capital, minimal promotion hindering market penetration, and a lack of professional training in financial management and tourism service standards. In response, an integrated development model is formulated recommending: increasing human resource capacity through business management and tourism awareness training, facilitating access to capital through partnerships, and strengthening digital-based promotion. In conclusion, Tedunan Beach tourism can be sustainable if supported by a comprehensive empowerment program that not only boosts economic income but also essentially fosters a sense of ownership and community responsibility towards the destination's preservation.

This study analyzes the role of millennials and Gen Z in driving the growth of halal e-commerce in Indonesia. The global halal industry is projected to reach US$3.36 trillion by 2028, underscoring the importance of strengthening halal e-commerce in Indonesia, which has the largest Muslim population in the world (Kawsar, 2025). Millennials and Gen Z are the dominant users of the internet and digital marketplaces, thus playing a strategic role in expanding the digital halal economic ecosystem. This study uses a qualitative approach with literature studies and in-depth interviews with consumers and halal digital business actors. The analysis focuses on digital behavior, halal product preferences, and awareness of sharia economic principles. The results show that millennials and Gen Z contribute through three main roles. First, as smart consumers who show high preference and loyalty to certified halal products. Second, as creative business actors who create sharia startups and marketplaces with innovative digital marketing strategies. Third, as agents of change who promote digital halal literacy and strengthen public awareness of the importance of halal products and services. In conclusion, the role of these two generations is not only in consumption, but also in creating a sustainable digital halal business ecosystem, strengthening Indonesia's competitiveness in the global halal industry, and supporting national sharia economic development.

The integration of blockchain technology with Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) presents a promising solution for optimizing resource allocation and ensuring security in decentralized network environments, particularly in 5G and 6G network slicing. This research proposes a model that combines the security features of blockchain with the adaptive, decentralized decision-making capabilities of MARL. Blockchain ensures the integrity and transparency of resource allocation by providing a secure, tamper-proof ledger for transaction validation, while MARL allows agents to dynamically allocate resources based on real-time network conditions. The simulation results demonstrate significant improvements in resource allocation efficiency, fairness among users, and resilience to cyberattacks. By combining these two technologies, the proposed model overcomes many of the challenges posed by traditional centralized systems and offers an enhanced, secure, and fair solution for resource distribution in future mobile networks. However, scalability remains a challenge, especially in large-scale networks where transaction processing and consensus overhead can create bottlenecks. Additionally, training complexity in MARL models presents computational challenges, particularly in highly dynamic network environments. The model's performance trade-offs, including the balance between high security and system overhead, are also discussed. Future research should focus on optimizing blockchain consensus mechanisms to improve scalability and enhancing MARL model training techniques to reduce computational costs and improve real-time decision-making. This integration holds significant potential for revolutionizing resource allocation in 5G and 6G networks, enabling more efficient, secure, and fair management of network resources in the increasingly complex and decentralized digital ecosystem

The rapid advancement of intelligent systems has accelerated the adoption of data-driven solutions across diverse industries, creating an increasing need for models that are both efficient and privacy-preserving. While traditional centralized machine learning approaches offer strong predictive capabilities, they often struggle with challenges related to data privacy, network latency, and computational inefficiency-especially in distributed environments with heterogeneous devices. To address these limitations, recent research has explored hybrid learning frameworks that integrate federated learning, edge computing, and dynamic model optimization techniques. These hybrid approaches enable models to process and learn from data closer to the source while maintaining stringent privacy requirements by keeping raw data localized. Additionally, the incorporation of pruning strategies, adaptive model compression, or multimodal data fusion contributes to improved speed, scalability, and accuracy in real-time inference tasks. Such frameworks have demonstrated notable promise in settings characterized by high data volume, operational complexity, and the necessity for fast anomaly detection or decision-making. However, despite these advancements, several challenges remain, including synchronization delays across edge nodes, variability in hardware capabilities, and the need for more efficient aggregation algorithms. Future developments may involve leveraging next-generation pruning techniques, energy-aware edge scheduling, decentralized orchestration protocols, or the integration of digital twin technologies to further enhance performance. Overall, hybrid distributed learning frameworks represent an important evolution toward more intelligent, secure, and autonomous computational ecosystems capable of supporting the next wave of smart applications.

Illegal streaming sites are one of the forms of copyright infringement that are rampant in the digital era and have a significant impact on the creative industry, the economy, and law enforcement. This research analyzes the Indonesian legal framework consisting of Law No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright, Law No. 11 of 2008 jo. Law No. 19 of 2016 on Electronic Information and Transactions, as well as the technical regulations of the Ministry of Communication and Information (Kominfo) in addressing these violations. The findings indicate that although the legal framework is in place, enforcement still faces technical, legal, social, and complex cross-border challenges. These sites often utilize foreign servers, mirror domains, and anti-blocking technology to evade blocking, thus requiring international cooperation thru mechanisms such as Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA) and coordination with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). An effective counter-strategy must be multidimensional, encompassing regulatory strengthening, the use of detection technologies such as digital watermarking and content ID systems, as well as public education to curb the demand for illegal content. A comparison with the United States, Japan, and South Korea shows that proactive enforcement, a quick notice-and-takedown mechanism, and industry cooperation have proven effective in reducing violations. In conclusion, the eradication of illegal streaming sites in Indonesia requires continuous synergy between the government, industry, and society to protect copyright and the sustainability of the creative industry ecosystem in the digital era.

This study aims to analyze the forms, processes, and impacts of agricultural entrepreneurship service and product innovation conducted by university students on the development of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Sumbawa Regency. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis as data collection techniques. The participants included student entrepreneurs, agricultural MSME actors, and academic supervisors. The findings indicate that students play a significant role in developing knowledge- and technology-based innovations, particularly through local product branding, digital marketing, and the application of design thinking. These innovations contribute to increasing product value, expanding market reach, and enhancing managerial capacity among MSME actors. However, challenges such as limited resources and low digital literacy still affect the sustainability of innovation programs. The study highlights the importance of a quadruple helix collaboration model—linking universities, local governments, industries, and communities—to establish a sustainable and inclusive agricultural innovation ecosystem.

This study aims to analyze the challenges and opportunities of social entrepreneurship within the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector in Sumbawa Regency during the 2020–2025 period. A descriptive qualitative approach was applied using in-depth interviews, field observations, and policy document analysis. The results indicate that social entrepreneurship in Sumbawa faces several constraints, including limited access to capital, low digital literacy, and inadequate business incubation and infrastructure support. Nevertheless, significant opportunities exist through local government policies, digital transformation, and growing consumer awareness toward sustainable local products. Cultural values such as gotong royong (mutual cooperation), solidarity, and self-reliance serve as key social capital in strengthening community-based entrepreneurship models. The study highlights the importance of a holistic and collaborative ecosystem approach among stakeholders to ensure the sustainability of social enterprises at the local level. These findings are expected to serve as a foundation for inclusive policy formulation and capacity-building strategies for social entrepreneurs across Indonesia.

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the Jakpreneur program in reducing unemployment in South Jakarta. Jakpreneur is a strategic initiative launched by the Jakarta Provincial Government as a concrete effort to empower Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This program is designed with various forms of support, such as skills training, business mentoring, legal licensing facilitation, product marketing support, and easy access to capital. This aims to create an inclusive and sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystem, especially amidst the complex challenges of the urban economy and the ongoing unemployment rate. However, in its implementation on the ground, the program's effectiveness still faces several obstacles. One of the main problems identified is the suboptimality of information technology-based training. Many participants have not yet mastered basic digital skills, making it difficult to keep up with developments in training methods that rely on technology. In addition, the low level of responsiveness of program facilitators to participant needs, as well as the limited digital literacy of MSMEs, also hinders maximizing the benefits of this program. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation studies. The findings indicate that, despite some shortcomings, the Jakpreneur program has been generally successful in improving participants' entrepreneurial knowledge and skills, reaching the right target audience, and having a tangible impact on increasing business capacity and reducing unemployment. Therefore, strengthening outreach, improving the quality of digital training, and providing more active and responsive mentoring is necessary to further enhance the program's effectiveness.

This community service program is designed to enhance the competence of English teachers at SMP N 33 Purworejo in utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based learning media, particularly deep learning technology. In the digital era, many teachers still face limitations in integrating intelligent technology into classroom activities, which affects the effectiveness of learning. The program was carried out in four stages: the provision of basic materials on AI and deep learning, technical training on the use of AI applications, practical development of learning media, and mentoring combined with evaluation. The results of this activity show an increase in teachers’ understanding and skills in operating AI tools, with each participant producing at least one AI-based learning media product. Through workshops, teachers learned to use applications such as chatbots, speech-to-text, text-to-speech, and AI-assisted language tools to enrich students’ learning experiences. In addition, teachers were guided to design contextual media tailored to curriculum goals and student needs. Mentoring ensured that the products created were tested, improved, and ready to be applied in the classroom. The novelty of this activity lies in its focus on practical implementation of deep learning in junior high school English teaching, positioning teachers not only as users but also as creators of innovative media. Beyond technical competence, this program fosters collaboration among teachers to sustain innovation. In the long term, the outcomes are expected to improve students’ engagement, motivation, and communication skills, and contribute to the establishment of a digital learning ecosystem that supports interactive, effective, and future-oriented education.

This community service program is designed to enhance the competence of English teachers at SMP N 33 Purworejo in utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based learning media, particularly deep learning technology. In the digital era, many teachers still face limitations in integrating intelligent technology into classroom activities, which affects the effectiveness of learning. The program was carried out in four stages: the provision of basic materials on AI and deep learning, technical training on the use of AI applications, practical development of learning media, and mentoring combined with evaluation. The results of this activity show an increase in teachers’ understanding and skills in operating AI tools, with each participant producing at least one AI-based learning media product. Through workshops, teachers learned to use applications such as chatbots, speech-to-text, text-to-speech, and AI-assisted language tools to enrich students’ learning experiences. In addition, teachers were guided to design contextual media tailored to curriculum goals and student needs. Mentoring ensured that the products created were tested, improved, and ready to be applied in the classroom. The novelty of this activity lies in its focus on practical implementation of deep learning in junior high school English teaching, positioning teachers not only as users but also as creators of innovative media. Beyond technical competence, this program fosters collaboration among teachers to sustain innovation. In the long term, the outcomes are expected to improve students’ engagement, motivation, and communication skills, and contribute to the establishment of a digital learning ecosystem that supports interactive, effective, and future-oriented education.

This study aims to examine the influence of product quality, price, and promotion on consumer purchase decisions of Compass shoes through the Shopee application in South Jakarta. The research was motivated by the rapid growth of e-commerce in Indonesia, particularly among urban consumers who are digitally literate and highly responsive to marketing stimuli. A total of 100 respondents were selected using a non-probability sampling method with an accidental sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires measured on a Likert scale and analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 22. The findings reveal that product quality, price, and promotion each have a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions. Product quality was identified as a key determinant that enhances consumer trust through durability, comfort, and authentic design, while price competitiveness supports perceived fairness and affordability in a highly competitive digital marketplace. Promotion emerged as the strongest factor, demonstrating the effectiveness of creative digital campaigns, influencer collaborations, and flash sale programs in stimulating consumer interest and driving purchases. These results highlight the importance of integrating product excellence with strategic pricing and innovative promotional activities to influence purchase behavior, especially among Gen Z and millennial consumers. From a theoretical perspective, this study enriches the literature on digital marketing and consumer behavior in the context of local brands competing in online marketplaces. Practically, the findings provide valuable insights for Compass and other local SMEs to formulate effective marketing strategies that align with consumer expectations and strengthen competitiveness in the dynamic e-commerce ecosystem.

The Community Service Program (Kuliah Kerja Nyata/KKN) conducted by Mulawarman University in Muara Badak Ulu Village, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, focused on introducing and strengthening the existence of the Muara Berau Biccu Forest Farmers Group (Kelompok Tani Hutan/KTH) to the wider community. This group plays an important role as a community forum for managing forests in a sustainable and equitable manner, encompassing the utilization of both timber and non-timber forest products. As part of the program, the students designed and implemented several activities aimed at raising public awareness and encouraging participation. The methods included creating an identity signboard for KTH as an official symbol of recognition, installing educational boards highlighting the importance of mangrove planting for coastal ecosystems, conducting mangrove planting using the silvofishery system that integrates environmental sustainability with aquaculture productivity, and developing a blog as a digital information platform accessible to the public. Through these initiatives, the program sought to enhance community knowledge about the ecological functions of mangrove forests, the importance of sustainable pond management for long-term productivity, and the benefits of having an online information medium to promote, document, and expand the networks of KTH Muara Berau Biccu. The results demonstrated an increased level of environmental awareness among community members, active participation in mangrove planting activities, and the establishment of a new communication medium that has the potential to strengthen the group’s position at both local and regional levels. Overall, the KKN program contributed significantly to supporting sustainable community-based forest and coastal resource management.

In today’s digital era, the internet and social media have become an essential part of teenagers’ daily lives. Almost every day, they communicate, search for information, and share stories through various digital platforms. However, many are still unaware of how important it is to protect personal data and understand ethics when using social media. This lack of awareness often leads to problems, ranging from account misuse, the spread of hoaxes, to cases of online bullying that can harm many people.To address this issue, a training program was specifically designed for junior high school students to equip them with safe and responsible digital skills. The training not only provided theoretical explanations but also included real case simulations and hands-on practice so students could easily understand and apply the lessons. The materials covered simple ways to protect accounts, recognize signs of hoax news, and build healthy and positive interactions in the digital space.The results of the training showed that students became more aware of the importance of protecting privacy, more cautious before sharing information, and more respectful of ethics in every digital interaction. With a fun and practical approach, this program has proven effective in improving students’ digital literacy and fostering wise attitudes in using social media. In the future, such training is expected to be continuously implemented in schools as an effort to build a safer, healthier, and more cultured digital ecosystem

This study examines the implementation of care governance in environmental public administration by highlighting the role of non-human actors. Based on Actor–Network Theory (ANT), exploratory qualitative research was conducted in the densely populated area of Tanjungpinang (April–June 2025). In environmental management, success is determined not only by technical skills, but also by the capacity of citizens to manage digital documents, spatial data, and technological infrastructure. Through interviews, observations, and document analysis. This approach was chosen because it allows for in-depth exploration of complex, contextual, and previously unstudied social phenomena, especially in the context of care governance to involve the relationship between humans and non-human objects in the local government ecosystem. Findings show that flood sensors, digital SOPs, inter-agency WhatsApp groups, and monitoring dashboards function as actors that trigger, direct, and accelerate coordination and decision-making. The integration of sensors and dashboards automates early warnings and the distribution of instructions, enabling rapid response. Implications: digital systems need to be designed as administrative actors with ethics, accountability, and capacity building. This study concludes that the implementation of care governance in environmental public administration at the local level cannot be separated from the active role of non-human actors such as flood sensors, digital documents, and online communication systems. Findings show that entities Findings show that these entities function not only as technical tools, but also as an integral part of a decision-making network capable of directing, accelerating, and streamlining administrative responses to environmental situations.

Generation Z grows up in a digital ecosystem that shapes their mindset, relationships, and expressions of faith, presenting both significant opportunities and challenges. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method with a library research approach, drawing from books, scholarly journals, and biblical references. The findings highlight opportunities such as easier access to Scripture, virtual faith communities, and creative forms of ministry, but also challenges including digital distractions, spiritual identity crises, and the influence of secular culture. In conclusion, the church, Christian education, and families play an essential role in guiding Generation Z to use technology wisely so that their spirituality can grow in a relevant, profound, and transformative way.

Digital technology chance in Indonesia presents both occasions and constraint for the development of Islamic economics, particularly in implementing Islamic business strategies through e-commerce. The adoption of digital technology, including Islamic fintech and halal e-commerce, has expanded market access, improved efficiency, and strengthened MSME competitiveness while adhering to sharia principles. This study employs a qualitative method using library research and the maqāshid shariah framework to examine the role of digital innovations such as fintech and blockchain in supporting Islamic entrepreneurship. The findings indicate that Islamic business strategies in the digital era have the potential to broaden international market reach, enhance transaction clarity, and reinforce compliance with sharia principles. Furthermore, digital innovation aligns with maqāshid shariah objectives, focusing on the protection of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and wealth. However, challenges remain, including low digital literacy, complex sharia regulations, and the risk of platform misuse. Therefore, cross-sector collaboration, the enhancement of digital and Islamic economic literacy, and strengthening the role of sharia e-commerce supervisory bodies are essential to build a fair and sustainable business ecosystem. With these strategic measures, digital technology integration can serve as a key instrument in strengthening the ummah’s economy, promoting financial inclusion, and positioning Indonesia as a global hub for Islamic economics.

The rapid growth of e-business in the digital transformation era has brought significant cybersecurity challenges. This study aims to analyze holistic defense strategies to comprehensively protect e-business assets and operations. Utilizing a systematic literature review of 50 reputable scientific publications (2020–2024), the study identifies five key pillars of cybersecurity strategy: (1) multi-layered security architecture, (2) AI-powered threat detection, (3) Zero Trust security model, (4) continuous security monitoring, and (5) human-centric security culture. The integrated implementation of these pillars has been shown to reduce cybersecurity risks by up to 78% and accelerate threat detection by 89%. These findings highlight the importance of integrating advanced technologies, mature processes, and strong security awareness to establish a resilient cybersecurity ecosystem for e-business.

This research explores the crucial role of cybersecurity in building and maintaining digital trust for e-business sustainability. The rapid digitalization era has increased business dependence on digital platforms but also brought cyber risks that can threaten customer trust and operational sustainability. This systematic literature review analyzes recent research (2021–2025) from various academic databases including Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and ACM Digital Library. The research objectives are to identify the impact of cyber incidents on customer trust, analyze digital trust-building strategies, and formulate recommendations for e-business sustainability. Study results show that cyber incidents can reduce customer trust by up to 60% and cause average financial losses of $3 million per incident. However, implementing comprehensive cybersecurity strategies, communication transparency, and rapid recovery can restore trust and enhance business resilience. The research emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach that integrates security technology, risk management, and crisis communication to build a sustainable and trusted e-business ecosystem.

The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in the Indonesian economy, contributing significantly to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), employment, and national food security. Conventional financing is often poorly suited to the unique characteristics of the agricultural sector, prompting the exploration of more adaptive alternatives. Islamic banking, with its principles of fairness and risk-sharing, offers innovative financing solutions. One such contract with significant potential but underutilized is the Salam contract, a purchase-and-sell contract where payment is made upfront and goods are delivered at a later date. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of the Salam contract in depth, identify challenges and opportunities in its implementation in the Islamic agricultural sector, and formulate strategies for optimizing its application. Using a qualitative descriptive research method based on literature review and comparative analysis, this article finds that the Salam contract offers an effective financing solution for farmers' working capital needs, price risk mitigation for farmers, and supply security for buyers. Key challenges include the risk of crop failure, quality risk, moral hazard risk, and limited supporting infrastructure and market understanding. Optimizing the Salam contract can be achieved through the development of innovative contract models, strengthening risk management through takaful instrumentation, utilizing digital technology, improving Islamic financial literacy, and collaboration between stakeholders. The implications of this research are expected to provide practical guidance for Islamic financial institutions, farmers, and policymakers to create a more inclusive and sustainable Islamic agricultural financing ecosystem. With the right approach, the Salam contract has the potential to become a key instrument in Islamic agricultural financing. Its widespread implementation can drive the transformation of the agricultural sector toward a more productive and equitable direction. Sustainable efforts are needed to ensure its effective implementation in the field.