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The problem in the study carried out is that it provides an understanding regarding student learning in Civics learning which is still not good, especially because the teacher only uses the classroom environment and places more emphasis on taking notes from textbooks. In addition, student participation in asking and answering questions during learning activities is still lacking, which makes them less motivated to learn. Using the Teams Games Tournament approach, this study aims to improve Civics learning outcomes and student involvement in the learning process in class IV SDN Blega 1 unit "GOTONG ROYONG". Planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting are the four steps of classroom action learning carried out over two cycles. At SDN Blega 1, the research participants were grade IV students. The authors tested, interviewed, and made observations while developing a data collection methodology. Based on the findings of the data analysis, it was found that students learned more about human collaboration in the Civics curriculum. Whereas in Cycle I 44% of students passed the KKM, and 56% of students did not pass, after being given instructions, Cycle II used the Teams Games Tournament approach to carry out learning achievement tests, so that the number of students who passed increased. 32 people or 89%, while the decrease in the number of students who did not pass was 4 people or 11%, and Cycle III increased the number of students who passed by 36 people or with a percentage of 100%. Civics learning outcomes for class IV SDN Blega 1 can be improved through learning activities with the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) paradigm.    

The purpose of this research was to describe the following things. First, to describe the writing skills of observation report texts of grade X SMA Negeri 1 X Koto, Tanah Datar Regency. Second, to describe the writing skills of expository texts of grade X SMA Negeri 1 X Koto, Tanah Datar Regency. Third, to analyze the comparison between the writing skills of observation report texts and expository texts of grade X SMA Negeri 1 X Koto, Tanah Datar Regency. This research is a quantitative research with descriptive analysis. Based on the research findings, the following three things were concluded. First, the writing skills of observation report texts of grade X SMA Negeri 1 X Koto, Tanah Datar Regency, were in a good qualification (76.43). Second, the writing skills of expository texts of grade X SMA Negeri 1 X Koto, Tanah Datar Regency, were in more than sufficient qualification (74.07). Third, there was a significant difference between the writing skills of observation report texts and expository texts of grade X SMA Negeri 1 X Koto, Tanah Datar Regency. Based on the hypothesis test conducted, it can be concluded that H1 is accepted because the tvalue is greater than the ttable. Therefore, there is a significant difference between the two texts.    

This study aims to reveal the anomaly of female domination: the moral message in Djarum 76 advertisement version of the genie is afraid of the wife, by representing something that is not visible on the surface. This article is a qualitative descriptive research type with Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis based on Stuart Hall's representation theory. Primary data through observation of text and audio-visual images from advertisements, and secondary data from relevant literature, then analyzed based on the concept of The Codes of Television. The results of the study show: in the Djarum 76 advertisement, the version of the genie is afraid of his wife, builds the image that men are afraid of their wives, which can be seen from the activities, sounds, expressions, camera techniques, and existing ideology. This anomaly is a reality that occurs a lot in the reality of society where a household is dominated by the wife. The research implication, narrative experience brings the consumer's mood to the narrative which is carried as a moral message. More specific research is needed to reveal the atmosphere of the relationship built on the research focus.  

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of research methodology learning with students' understanding in thesis writing. Research methodology plays an important role in equipping students with the knowledge and skills necessary to design, conduct and analyze research effectively. However, challenges in understanding the concepts of research methodology can affect students' ability to write quality thesis. Therefore, this study identified the challenges faced by students in learning research methodology and presented solutions that could be applied to increase learning effectiveness. The research method used was literature study and descriptive analysis. Data was collected through a literature review which included research articles, textbooks and other related sources of information. Data analysis was carried out by identifying common challenges in learning research methodology and recommendations that can be implemented to overcome these challenges. The results of the study indicate that a good understanding of research methodology has a positive impact on student thesis writing. Students who have a good understanding of research methodology tend to plan their research well, collect valid data, carry out appropriate data analysis, use relevant reference sources, and construct strong arguments in their thesis. However, there are challenges such as material complexity, limited resources, lack of practical experience, time constraints, and low motivation that need to be overcome. Recommendations to improve research methodology learning include developing a good curriculum, training lecturers, providing adequate resources and facilities, use of technology in learning, intensive individual guidance, and further research on the effectiveness of research methodology learning. By implementing these recommendations, students are expected to gain a better understanding of research methodology and apply it well in their thesis writing. This increased understanding will have an impact on the quality of thesis writing, a more significant contribution in the field of study, and better preparation for future academic or professional careers.

The process of learning Indonesian still often uses conventional media, there is a lack of innovation in learning media that is in accordance with current technological advances so that students tend to get bored, and there is no use of QuizAlize media and the ASSURE model in Indonesian language learning class VII at SMP Negeri 9 Semarang become the background of this research. The purpose of this study was to obtain a description of the application of the ASSURE model with QuizAlize media in learning to identify the structure and language features of grade VII news texts. The benefits of this research are as a scientific contribution regarding the application of the ASSURE model with QuizAlize media, as well as providing knowledge about the application of the ASSURE model with QuizAlize media for readers. This type of research is Classroom Action Research with two cycles. 32 students of class VII G SMP Negeri 9 Semarang became the subject of this study. The data collection technique used is an observation technique. Then, qualitative descriptive analysis is the data analysis technique used. The results of the study in cycle I, the percentage of completeness was at 46.87%, while in cycle II it was 87.5%. The percentage increase is 40.63%. In addition, 17 students did not complete the first cycle, while in the second cycle there were 4 students. The increase in the accumulation of students who achieved mastery was 13 children. So, the accumulation of students who achieved completeness in cycle II was 28 children. Based on this, it can be concluded that the increase in the percentage of completeness in class VII G of SMP Negeri 9 Semarang is very good. Then, the application of the ASSURE model and QuizAlize media to this class can be said to be successful.    

One of the goals of learning Indonesian is that students can write. Writing is an activity of expressing ideas that are in the mind which are obtained through reading, speaking, and listening activities which are described in a word to become a sentence. One of the abilities that students must have in learning Indonesian is writing review texts. The review text is one of the texts that is learned in class XI at the senior high school level. Writing review texts has not obtained optimal results following the minimum school completeness criteria. So we need a learning model that can facilitate students, namely the cooperative integrated reading and composition (CIRC) learning model. The purpose of this study was to obtain results of improving the ability to write review texts through the cooperative integrated reading and composition (CIRC) learning model. SMAN 1 Saradan became the research location. As many as 28 students in class XI MIPA 3 in the 2022/2023 school year were the subjects of the study. Classroom Action Research (PTK) is a research design that goes through four research steps namely planning (plan), action (action), observation (observation), and reflection through two cycles. Tests and observations become instruments in research. Data analysis was carried out through a qualitative approach by calculating the class average value using the percentage of classical completeness. Students who get a KKM score of ≥75 are declared complete. The results of the study were that the ability to write review texts without going through cooperative integrated reading and composition (CIRC) at SMAN 1 Saradan was 82.2, meaning that there were 23 whose grades did not exceed the KKM. While the results of the study were able to write review texts through cooperative reading and composition (CIRC) in cycle I 67.9% or 19 students in the less category. Whereas after being given cycle II it showed a result of 3.6% or 1 student in the less category. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that students' ability to write review texts through cooperative integrated reading and composition (CIRC) can be increased.  

This study aims to find out and describe how the implementation of learning traditional Minangkabau music material at UNP Laboratory Development High School. This type of research is qualitative research using descriptive methods. Data collection techniques are carried out through literature studies, interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis techniques are collecting data, classifying data, analyzing data, describing data and inferring data. The results showed that the lack of appropriate strategies and learning methods used by teachers. The strategy used by teachers in the learning process is an expository strategy, in the implementation of this expository strategy teachers use textbooks, references and other auxiliary media, but this strategy is not effectively used in learning because not all students are comfortable for learning that is only spoken. The method used in this learning is the lecture method, where learning is delivered by telling stories so as to make students feel bored and sleepy during learning, and it seems that the teacher has not been able to vary the method that is suitable for the implementation of traditional Minangkabau music learning which in fact in the delivery of learning can use several methods for the smooth achievement of the desired learning objectives.

In the current era of modernization, many things have begun to use technological developments, including the delivery and dissemination of information. This development is marked by changes in methods in various fields, leaving manual methods and replacing them with the use of modern technology. With the rapid advancement of information technology, it makes it easier for business people to develop creativity and market a product, including the digital invitation business. This type of digital invitation is gaining popularity not only because it is considered easier to distribute, low production costs, and a variety of designs. Digital invitations are visually more attractive because media such as photos, text, animation and audio can be added. This study aims to analyze several articles related to public interest in digital invitation business opportunities. The design used is literature review, articles are collected using search engines such as neti.com, google scholar, and Sciencedirect. With the criteria for articles published in 2019-2021. Based on the articles collected, the results of the analysis show that digital invitations have considerable business potential for business people and make it easier for users to convey information.

Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies phrases, clauses, and sentences. In this article, the focus is more on discussing the analysis of sentences in a text, in which the sentence itself is part of the syntax, namely syntactic units composed of basic constituents, usually in the form of clauses, supplemented by conjunctions when needed, and accompanied by final intonation. This article’s text is anecdotal from the Class X Indonesian Language Book of the Merdeka Curriculum. The anecdotal texts in the book are then analyzed for sentences to know whether direct or indirect sentences and sentences are standard. Analyzing a sentence certainly uses a method or method used. The method itself uses a qualitative descriptive method. The qualitative descriptive method is used to make a detailed description of a particular object which is carried out systematically, factually, and accurately. The results of this study found effective sentences, ineffective sentences, declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, and imperative sentences. Based on the results of the analysis found five anecdotal texts. This research can be used as a source of learning, for example in learning about types of sentences. In addition, it can be used to measure literacy levels. As well as b improving language competence, it can also shape students' character conceptually and in the form of humor, which has become a part of life today.

Syntaxis analysis on narrative text in Indonesian language book class VII middleschool Merdeka curriculum focuses on analysis of phrases. The purpose of  performing phrase analysis on this narrative text is to find, describe, and group into the types of phrases contained in narrative texts "Bola-Bola Waktu", "Pantan Terong yang Instagramable" and "Jelajah Wae Rebo" in the Indonesian language class VII SMP curricullum Merdeka. This study used two research methods, descriptive method with qualitative approach and syntactic theoretical method. Data analyzed is collected by the technique of view and note technique. The results of data analysis are presented in the form of tables with the explanation of each phrase found and grouped according to the type of phrase. In this study produces findings of some types of phrases, among others, noun phrases, verb phrase,  adjective phrases, numeral phrases, adverb phrases, and preposition phrases. The benefits that can be obtained from this implementation is to provide knowledge and type of phrases and the reader can understand and learn the contents of this analysis and use it for a good context of language as a result of this analysis.

The syntax studied has three scopes: phrases, clauses, and sentences. There are many problems regarding how to differentiate and classify clauses. Not a few equate between phrases and clauses. A collection of several words contains a clause if some of these words have subject and predicate elements, while a phrase means several words consisting of at least one predicate element without any subject element or can be said to be the opposite of a clause. The purpose of this article is to share knowledge about the grouping of clauses and provide examples of each sentence in the procedure text so that the benefits based on this analysis are expected to open and increase knowledge and broaden horizons for writers and readers so that readers can interpret and classify clauses based on analysis. the syntax. The results of the analysis in this article are expected to be useful for students and the wider community regarding language learning because it provides a lot of knowledge related to the grouping of clauses and the types of clauses in procedure texts in Buku Bahasa Indonesia Kelas VII SMP Kurikulum Merdeka. In the research context, methods and methodology are described and will be explained through a qualitative descriptive methodological approach. Qualitative methods aim to seek an in-depth understanding of symptoms and facts.

This research discusses the analysis of clauses in recon texts contained in Indonesian language school textbooks. This study was made to provide knowledge to the reader about the categories of clauses and their examples in sentences in the text. The data for this study are in the form of three recon texts, which contain the types of clauses found in the Advanced Indonesian Language Book for Class XI SMA Merdeka Curriculum. The technique employed in this study is a qualitative descriptive method where the data collected takes the form of words rather than numbers. The analysis technique used is syntactic and also uses note-taking techniques in data collection. Based on the research conducted, twenty-seven clauses were obtained according to the category of phrases or words that occupy the function of the predicate. The clause consists of 26 verb clauses, eight noun clauses, one numeral clause, and two prepositional clauses. A verb clause is a clause whose predicate elements are categorized as verbs. Noun clauses are clauses whose predicate elements are categorized as nouns. Numeralia clauses are clauses whose predicate elements are in the category of numerals. Based on these consequences, it can be formulated that the function of the results of this study is to facilitate the readers' understanding of clause analysis because it provides a detailed explanation accompanied by examples of phrases or words in each sentence that contains the type of clause.

Technological developments today make it easy for people to use social media as a means of expressing opinions, including Twitter. The case study taken by the researcher is the sentiment towards the performance of the mayor of Medan. The case was taken because it was widely discussed by Indonesian people, especially the city of Medan on Twitter social media. One of the uses of this research is to find out the trend of Twitter user comments on the performance of the mayor of Medan by conducting a sentiment analysis. Sentiment will be classified as positive, negative and neutral. The algorithm used in sentiment analysis is Naïve Bayes. The stages in conducting sentiment analysis in this study are data preprocessing, data processing, classification, and evaluation. The results of this study are using the SMOTE method, the training and testing ratio is 80:20 because it has the highest accuracy, which is 78% compared to other ratios. The prediction results resulting from the classification turned out to be more dominant towards neutral labels. In addition to classifying for sentiment analysis, this study also measures the performance of the model created. The results showed that the Naïve Bayes algorithm has a precision value of 78%, a recall of 78%, and an f1-score of 77%.

The Wedding Agreement novel by Mia Chuz is a form of written literature containing code-mixed language elements. Code mixing is presented in the form of inserting English elements into Indonesian. The purpose of this study was to describe the form of linguistic elements, the causal factors and the function of mixing the English code in the novel Wedding Agreement by Mia Chuz and the implications for learning advertising texts, slogans and posters for class VIII SMP. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach using content analysis techniques. The results of the study found 120 data containing the form of linguistic elements of English code mixing in the form of inserting elements in the form of words, phrases, basters, and clauses as well as 7 causal factors and 8 functions of English code mixing in Mia Chuz's novel Wedding Agreement.

This research aims to: (1) Describe the value of the character's self-sacrificing struggle in the novel Step by J.S. Khairen. (2) Describe the value of the struggle for unity of the characters in the novel Step  by J.S. Khairen. (3) Describe the value of the struggle for respect for the characters in the novel Step by J.S. Khairen. (4) Describe the value of the character's patient struggle in the novel Step by J.S. Khairen. (5) Describe the value of never giving up struggle of the characters in the novel Step  by J.S. Khairen. (6) Describe the value of the character's cooperative struggle in the novel Step by J.S. Khairen. (7) Describe the implications regarding the value of the character's struggle in the novel Step by J.S. Khairen on literature learning in high school. This research is descriptive research with a qualitative research approach. The data collection techniques used are library techniques, listening techniques and further note-taking techniques. The data analysis technique uses text analysis techniques.The results of this research show that there are values of the characters' struggle in the novel Step by J.S. Khairen which is in accordance with Joyomartono's theory. The author found 25 data which were divided into six, namely 9 data on the value of being willing to sacrifice, 5 data on the value of unity, 2 data on the value of respect, 2 data on the value of patience, 4 data on the value of never giving up, 3 data on the value of cooperation. Apart from that, these values can be implied by studying literature in high school. Based on the 2013 curriculum in KD 3.8 interpret the author’s view of life in the novel read. and KD 4.8 Present the results of the interprestation of the author’s views both orally and in writting. The results of this study can be used as teaching material in studying literature in high school. Teaching materials can be used as a complement to the main textbook source.

The purpose of this article is to fulfill our task. Regarding the use of Indonesian on social media on Facebook, messages have increased in recent years, and we researched the use of Indonesian on social media on Facebook, in this study, we analyzed the use of Indonesian on Facebook by using text and data analysis methods of public user accounts. We found that the use of Indonesian on Facebook tends to be informal and contains elements of slang, such as OTW, Baper, Gaje, Santuy, and SKSD. In addition, the use of words in English is also very common in the use of Indonesian on Facebook, besides that many also use regional languages, and the use of social media on Facebook is also used by many people who sell online. The use of Indonesian on Facebook also shows interest. high emotional. Negative influences also arise such as the spread of fake news information and the use of impolite and unethical language. And also positive influences such as the use of which is more concise and efficient to use.

The meaning of Abraham's call for Christian Religious Education is important in practicing Christian teachings today. By understanding Abraham's calling, Christian teachers can apply the steps that Abraham used during his life to the teaching of Christianity. The research method used is qualitative through analysis of scriptural texts and related literature. The values contained in the history of Abraham's call, such as faith, patience, obedience, and submission are very relevant to Christian religious education. This paper also discusses how to apply these values in the context of Christian education, including reflective and interactive learning. However, understanding the meaning of Abraham's call in the context of Christian religious education presents challenges, including differences in interpretation and understanding that arise from different Christian traditions. The solution to this challenge is to increase insight and understanding through dialogue between Christian traditions and interfaith studies. This paper also provides solutions to overcome challenges in understanding the meaning of Abraham's call, and the need for greater insight and understanding through dialog between Christian traditions and interfaith studies.

This study aims to describe the forms of language errors found on Instagram social media. Analysis of language errors is a method or work step that is commonly used by esearchers or language teachers to collect data, identify errors, explain errors, classify errors and  valuate the seriousness of language errors. The use of language on social media on Instagram  as a means of daily communication, one of which  is  to comment  and text.  Various languages  are  used in  communication, including Indonesian, regional languages, various languages, and  foreign languages. This study aims to  describe  the  form  of  misuse  of  Indonesian  on  Instagram  and  to describe  the  forms  of misunderstanding  of  the  use  of  Indonesian  on  Instagram.  This  research  method  uses qualitative descriptive because in this study the researcher identifies language errors that are on social media, especially on Instagram. The results showed the ineffectiveness of language users  carried  out  by  Instagram  social  media  users  in  the  form  of  using  Indonesian,  (1) spelling errors (2) use of diction (3) grammatical structural errors. There are also forms of misunderstanding  in the  use  of Indonesian  on  Instagram  (1)  variations  of  Indonesian  and English (2) variations of Indonesian with slang, English, local languages.

This research aims to determine the sticky costs behavior that occurs in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The behavior of sticky costs in this research is seen from sales, general and administration costs which are categorized into several industry groups to see the degree of sticky costs for each industry group per year. Apart from that, the factors that influence sticky costs include direct labor costs and overhead costs. goods sold. The research method used is multiple linear regression analysis which is measured using the Anderson, Banker and Janakiraman equations. The sample was determined based on the purposive sampling method with a total of 65 research samples obtained during the 2017-2019 period. The results of this research are that all manufacturing companies in Indonesia have sticky costs behavior. The largest and smallest degrees of sticky costs occur in the textile, garment and footwear sectors and others. This proves that management in companies in these sectors is inconsistent in monitoring and controlling sales, general and administrative costs. Then regarding the influence of direct labor costs and the cost of goods sold is as follows: 1) Direct labor costs have no effect on sticky costs, 2) Cost of goods sold has no effect on sticky costs.

This study aims to determine the ability to understand biographical texts for class X students of SMK N 1 Lumban Julu in the 2022/2023 academic year. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a two group post-test design. The sample in this study were students of class X RPL 1 which consisted of 30 students and students of class X RPL 2 with a total of 30 students. The data analysis technique used in this study is quantitative data by using analysis requirements test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis testing. The results showed that the average score of the ability to understand biographical texts of the experimental class students was 84.2 belonging to the good category while the average value of the control class was 59.03 belonging to the sufficient category and did not meet the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM), namely 75. Based on the t test, it was obtained a significance level value of α = 0.05 with dk = N-1 = 29, so that a ttable value of 2.045 was obtained. Thus it is concluded that tcount > ttable, namely 8.446 > 2.045 so that the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. This proves that there is a significant effect of using the Quick On the Draw learning model on the ability to understand biographical texts for class X students of SMK N 1 Lumbanjulu in the 2022/2023 Academic Year.