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The development of information technology has encouraged the transformation of government administration toward digital-based governance, including correspondence management systems. Digital correspondence governance plays an important role in improving administrative effectiveness, bureaucratic efficiency, and the quality of public services. However, the implementation of digital correspondence systems in local government institutions still faces several challenges, including limited system integration, inadequate human resource capacity, and unstandardized electronic archive management. This study aims to analyze and construct a digital correspondence governance model in realizing administrative effectiveness at Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika, Statistik dan Persandian Kabupaten Gowa. This study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. Data collection techniques were conducted through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Research informants were selected using purposive sampling techniques, while data analysis employed the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the implementation of digital correspondence governance has improved the speed of document disposition, administrative efficiency, accessibility of documents, and organizational work coordination. However, the implementation has not been fully optimal due to constraints in system integration, human resource capacity, and digital archive management. This study produced a digital correspondence governance model emphasizing the strengthening of information technology, enhancement of employee competence, integration of administrative systems, and development of a digital work culture. It is recommended that government institutions strengthen the integration of digital correspondence systems, improve employee competencies, and establish sustainable electronic archive management standards.

Land rights disputes arising from overlapping land certificates remain a complex agrarian law issue frequently encountered in Indonesia. This phenomenon reflects weaknesses in the land administration system, particularly in data collection, land measurement, and certificate issuance. Such disputes create conflicts, legal uncertainty, and reduced public trust in the land registration system. In practice, these disputes are generally resolved through civil litigation procedures in the District Court. This study aims to comprehensively analyze civil procedural law in resolving land rights disputes involving overlapping certificates and to examine the evidentiary strength of land certificates in judicial proceedings. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches, supported by primary and secondary legal materials. The findings indicate that dispute resolution begins with the filing of a lawsuit, followed by mediation, court examination, and the evidentiary process as the most crucial stage in determining lawful ownership. Land certificates serve as strong evidence; however, they are not absolute, as they may be challenged if administrative or substantive legal defects are identified. Judges play a central role in assessing certificate validity by considering land history, physical possession, good faith, and compliance with legal procedures. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of dispute resolution still requires improvement through better land administration, enhanced data accuracy, and stronger institutional integration.

This study investigates the performance of Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring systems using a mobile hotspot and IoT sensors for temperature and humidity data transmission. The research is based on the IoT concept, which enables electronic devices to communicate and exchange data through internet networks without direct human intervention. System performance was evaluated using standard Quality of Service (QoS) parameters, including throughput, packet loss, delay, and jitter. The experimental setup utilized a NodeMCU ESP32 microcontroller and a DHT22 sensor, with measurements conducted at various transmission distances through wireless communication media. The objective was to determine the reliability of hotspot connectivity and sensor communication in supporting IoT applications. The results indicate that the optimal performance was achieved at a distance of 20 meters using a 40-lambda variation. Furthermore, the communication signal between the ESP32 device and the mobile hotspot remained detectable up to a maximum distance of 32 meters. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed IoT system for environmental monitoring applications within specific transmission ranges.

Digital transformation in the judicial system represents a strategic step to improve the quality of legal services in Indonesia. One of the innovations implemented by the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia is the E-Court system, which enables case administration and court proceedings to be conducted electronically. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of E-Court in realizing the principles of simple, fast, and low-cost justice, as well as to identify the obstacles faced by parties who do not utilize the system. The research method employed is a normative legal approach, involving the analysis of statutory regulations and scholarly literature. The results indicate that, normatively, E-Court has been effective in supporting judicial efficiency; however, in practice, it still encounters various challenges, including technical, social, and institutional aspects. These obstacles vary among different legal subjects, namely advocates, individuals, private legal entities, and government legal entities. Therefore, comprehensive efforts are required to optimize the implementation of E-Court to ensure that the objectives of judicial reform can be fully achieved. Furthermore, the findings reveal that, from a normative perspective, E-Court provides a more efficient mechanism compared to conventional systems, particularly in terms of case administration and communication between parties. However, this effectiveness has not been evenly realized due to constraints such as the digital divide, limited technological infrastructure, and low user readiness. Consequently, the implementation of E-Court still requires reinforcement in both technical and cultural aspects to ensure optimal accessibility for all segments of society.

This study is motivated by the importance of the recruitment process of Government Employees with Work Agreements (PPPK) in shaping perceptions of decent work among State Civil Apparatus (ASN). The objective of this research is to analyze the effect of the PPPK recruitment process on the perception of decent work among ASN in Tebing Tinggi City. This study employs a quantitative approach using a survey method by distributing questionnaires to 92 PPPK ASN respondents. The data analysis techniques include classical assumption tests, simple linear regression, coefficient of determination, and hypothesis testing using SPSS. The results show that the PPPK recruitment process has a positive and significant effect on the perception of decent work among ASN, with a contribution of 78.2%. This indicates that the better the implementation of a transparent, objective, and merit-based recruitment process, the higher the employees’ perception of decent work. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of improving the quality of the PPPK recruitment system to support the creation of professional ASN and enhance employee trust and job satisfaction within government institutions.

The rapid growth of digital commerce has encouraged companies to integrate digital and physical marketing channels to create seamless and consistent customer experiences. This study aims to analyze the role of integrated marketing channels through omnichannel strategies, the utilization of Artificial intelligence (AI), and their impact on customer experience in the context of digital commerce. The study employs a Systematic literature review (SLR) approach by examining relevant scholarly articles related to omnichannel marketing, AI technologies, and customer experience. The findings indicate that integrated marketing channels supported by AI enhance service personalization, customer engagement, operational efficiency, and the quality of interactions between companies and customers. Furthermore, the implementation of omnichannel strategies contributes to higher customer satisfaction and loyalty by providing a more connected experience across multiple customer touchpoints. However, the implementation of integrated marketing channels still faces several challenges, including fragmented channel integration, technological complexity, high investment requirements, and concerns regarding customer data privacy and security. Therefore, effective management of integrated marketing channels is essential for improving customer experience while creating sustainable competitive advantages for companies in an increasingly dynamic digital era.

This research was designed to explore the extent to which public beliefs influence the implementation of Digital traceability  systems in the halal industrial sector. The approach used was quantitative with a survey method, where questionnaires were distributed to 60 respondents who were consumers of halal products in Indonesia. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression via Microsoft Excel. Research findings indicate that public confidence has a positive and significant influence on the adoption of Digital traceability  systems, with a regression coefficient of 0.476 and a significance level of 0.000 (<0.05). In addition, the coefficient of determination (R Square) value of 0.219 indicates that public confidence contributes 21.9% to the implementation of the Digital traceability  system, while the rest is determined by other factors that were not researched. These findings confirm that public trust is an important element in encouraging acceptance of digital technology, especially in the halal industry which relies heavily on transparency and consumer confidence. Thus, implementing a Digital traceability  system that is supported by information openness and easy access to technology can be an effective strategy to strengthen consumer trust while expanding technology adoption.

This research is motivated by the problems in manual attendance systems at schools, which remain vulnerable to fraud, time-consuming, and inefficient. The expected solution is to develop an automated attendance system based on face recognition that can operate in realtime with high accuracy. The research object is vocational high school students, with the applied method implementing the YOLO v10 algorithm for face detection, followed by the face_recognition library for identification. The instruments used include an Imou CCTV camera as the input device, a mid-range laptop as the hardware platform, and Python with SQLite as the software environment for data processing and attendance storage. The results show that the developed system achieved an average face detection accuracy of 96% under normal lighting and 91% under low lighting, with an average processing speed of 27 FPS. The implementation of an anti-duplication feature also ensured data validity by allowing each student to be recorded only once per day. In conclusion, the use of YOLO v10 in face-based attendance proved to be effective, efficient, and capable of reducing fraud. The implication of this study is that the system can be applied in both Islamic boarding schools and general schools as a modernization of attendance systems, with a recommendation for further development through web-based application and cloud database integration.

Bullying is a serious problem that can disrupt the learning process and mental development of students, including in Islamic boarding schools. Early detection of bullying is essential to creating a safe and conducive learning environment. This study aims to apply the You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm to automatically detect bullying through video recordings in the environment of the SMK Skill Village Islamic School Business Boarding School. The method used involves collecting a video dataset representing various types of bullying behavior, labeling the data, and training an object detection model using the YOLOv5 algorithm. The developed system is capable of detecting and classifying bullying behavior in real- time with detection accuracy reaching [accuracy value if known]. The implementation of this system is expected to assist school authorities and boarding school administrators in monitoring, preventing, and addressing bullying incidents more quickly and effectively, while also serving as an initial step in leveraging artificial intelligence technology to create a safer and more comfortable educational environment.

Social crimes at the village level require participatory and sustainable prevention approaches. This study aims to analyze the synergy between the Sidoarjo Police Resort through its BINMAS unit and the residents of Waruberong Village in implementing the “4D” anticipation framework (Corruption, Narcotics, Bullying, and Sexual Harassment). A descriptive qualitative method was employed, utilizing data collection through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation analysis of socialization activities and police-community forums. The results indicate that this partnership successfully shifts the security paradigm from a reactive enforcement model toward proactive collaboration grounded in education and early reporting. BINMAS functions effectively as an administrative liaison, coordinating Senkom Mitra Polri, village officials, and residents, thereby standardizing and streamlining report handling processes. The implementation of the 4D framework significantly enhances public legal literacy, strengthens trust in the DUMAS Presisi system, and encourages active community participation in security patrols and awareness campaigns. Although minor administrative challenges, such as limited reporting literacy and fluctuating attendance, were identified, they can be mitigated through structured mentoring. Overall, the 4D-based partnership model proves highly relevant for strengthening participatory security ecosystems at the village level. This study recommends standardizing educational modules, providing continuous administrative training for Senkom members, and integrating digital reporting platforms to ensure the program's long-term sustainability.

QRIS (Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard) has become a widely used national digital payment standard. User satisfaction with this service needs to be monitored continuously to ensure its sustainability. This study aims to predict the level of QRIS user satisfaction based on their experiences and perceptions expressed organically on the Twitter social media platform. The method used is sentiment analysis with the Naive Bayes classification algorithm implemented using RapidMiner software. The research data was obtained from Twitter user comments collected through web scraping techniques. The text data then went through a preprocessing stage that included cleansing, stopword filtering, stemming, and tokenizing to be prepared as features ready to be processed by the model. The data was divided into training (80%) and testing (20%) subsets for model training and validation. The results showed that the Naive Bayes model was able to predict user satisfaction sentiment with an accuracy of 80.99%. These findings indicate that the model is highly accurate in identifying satisfied comments and sufficiently sensitive in detecting dissatisfaction. This study concludes that sentiment analysis of Twitter UGC data using Naive Bayes is an effective and efficient approach for predicting QRIS user satisfaction in real time. The practical implication of this study is to provide an automatic feedback system for service providers to monitor public sentiment and take targeted corrective actions.

The enactment of Indonesia's Law Number 20 of 2025 on the Code of Criminal Procedure (KUHAP 2025), effective January 2, 2026, introduces a paradigmatic shift in the coordination between investigators and public prosecutors: Article 58 mandates active coordination from the investigation stage, fundamentally departing from the sequential-passive model of the former KUHAP, while Article 70 imposes a strict seven-day deadline for indictment drafting after case files are declared complete. This study examines two interconnected questions: (1) how the legal framework governing investigator–prosecutor coordination is structured under KUHAP 2025 and related legislation; and (2) how that framework is implemented in practice at the Purwakarta District Prosecutor's Office. A normative–empirical mixed-method design was employed, integrating statutory, conceptual, and case-study approaches. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with prosecutors and investigators at Purwakarta District Prosecutor's Office and Purwakarta Police Resort, case document analysis, and field observation. The theoretical framework combines Lawrence M. Friedman's Legal System Theory and Soerjono Soekanto's Law Enforcement Theory. Findings reveal that KUHAP 2025 delivers substantial normative advancement yet harbours three critical regulatory gaps: the absence of binding technical protocols for implementing mandatory active coordination, the lack of uniform and measurable case-file completeness standards, and no formal mechanism for resolving institutional disagreements on legal interpretation. On the ground, coordination at Purwakarta still operates under the old sequential-passive pattern despite the new law: case-file returns (P-19) remain frequent, driven primarily by absent expert testimony, insufficient factual narration in examination records, and mismatches between charged articles and legal facts. A Friedman–Soekanto diagnostic reveals simultaneous dysfunction across all three legal system components substance, structure, and legal culture with the entrenched 'waiting culture' between the police and the prosecution identified as the most resistant obstacle to reform.

This study aims to examine the position of Pancasila as a grundnorm within the Indonesian constitutional system and the role of Islamic Religious Education as an ethical foundation in strengthening constitutional principles from the perspective of Islamic sociological legal theory. The methodology employed is a qualitative approach using library research, involving the analysis of various relevant literature sources. The findings indicate that Pancasila plays a fundamental role in the Indonesian legal system, serving as the highest norm in the hierarchy of laws, while also functioning as an ethical guideline in the life of the nation and the state. Islamic Religious Education plays a significant role in shaping the moral constitution through the understanding of values such as honesty, justice, responsibility, and trustworthiness, in line with the principles of Pancasila. The integration of Pancasila values and Islamic teachings, viewed through the lens of sociological law, demonstrates that effective law is not merely normative but also responsive to social realities. Therefore, Islamic sociological legal theory can strengthen the Indonesian constitutional system through the integration of normative, moral, and sociological values, resulting in a more responsive, just, and contextually relevant legal system.

This study aims to examine in depth the professional competence of mathematics teachers through a literature review approach. The method used in this research is a literature review by analyzing ten relevant scientific articles obtained from various credible national and international sources. The study was conducted to identify the factors influencing the professional competence of mathematics teachers and its implications for the quality of learning and students’ learning outcomes. The findings reveal that mathematics teachers’ professional competence plays a significant role in improving the effectiveness of the learning process, students’ critical thinking skills, and mathematics learning achievement. Factors influencing professional competence include continuous training, academic supervision, teacher certification, teaching experience, intrinsic motivation, and the integration of digital technology in learning activities. In addition, professional competence is closely related to pedagogical competence in supporting students’ mathematical skills. The findings of this study emphasize that the development of mathematics teachers’ professionalism should be carried out systematically, continuously, and adaptively to technological advancements in order to improve the quality of mathematics education in the digital era.

Microplastics are extremely small plastic particles that have become a major concern in public health and environmental studies. This literature review aims to discuss the sources of microplastics, their routes of exposure to the human body, their distribution in organs, and their potential health impacts. The method used was a literature review of scientific articles and reports published from 2021 onward, retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and official websites of organizations such as the WHO, OECD, and the World Bank. The review findings show that microplastics originate from plastic waste, synthetic clothing, cosmetics, vehicle tires, and food packaging. These particles have been detected in blood, lungs, the placenta, feces, and various human tissues, indicating that human exposure is widespread. However, evidence from human studies is still limited, so cause-and-effect relationships cannot yet be confirmed with certainty. Based on these findings, further research is needed to better understand the long-term health effects of microplastics. In addition, efforts to reduce single-use plastics, improve waste management systems, and increase public education are essential to reduce exposure and prevent future health risks.

This study aims to examine the debate regarding the effectiveness of traditional learning methods in science education at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) amid the development of educational digitalization. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design conducted in Jember Regency for three months, from February to April 2026. The research informants consisted of 16 participants, including madrasa principals, teachers, parents, and community members. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, observations, and documentation, which were then analyzed using descriptive qualitative techniques. The findings revealed that traditional methods are still considered effective in helping students understand basic science concepts because the learning process is systematic and easy to comprehend. However, limited access to technology in several schools remains an obstacle to the equal implementation of digital learning. In addition, although digital learning can increase students’ motivation and engagement, it does not necessarily lead to an optimal improvement in conceptual understanding. Therefore, this study concludes that a combination of traditional and digital learning methods is the most appropriate approach in science learning at elementary schools and Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, considering students’ needs as well as the availability of facilities and infrastructure. structure.

This study examines strategic management practices in the administration of nonformal education programs within Indonesia’s 3T regions areas characterized by geographical isolation, limited infrastructure, and socioeconomic challenges. The research aims to identify effective management strategies that enhance institutional sustainability, leadership performance, and community participation in nonformal educational settings. Employing a qualitative narrative review approach, this study synthesizes findings from 45 peer-reviewed publications published between 2019 and 2025, encompassing themes of adaptive management, participatory leadership, policy integration, and digital innovation. The analysis reveals that institutions adopting flexible and context-responsive strategies supported by collaborative governance and technological integration demonstrate higher resilience and alignment with local educational needs. Furthermore, the review highlights the importance of leadership adaptability, stakeholder engagement, and community-based governance as central pillars for achieving sustainable education outcomes in resource-limited contexts. The study contributes theoretically by proposing a model of “localized strategic adaptability,” which integrates principles of strategic management with participatory education governance, and practically by offering evidence-based insights to guide policymakers and administrators in strengthening nonformal education systems.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of fixed asset accounting systems and procedures at the Department of Transportation of Medan City. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method to gain an in-depth understanding of actual field conditions. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and literature review, involving four informants directly engaged in fixed asset management. The results indicate that the implementation of fixed asset accounting systems and procedures has been relatively effective, as reflected in the execution of asset management stages in accordance with applicable regulations and the utilization of information technology-based systems. These systems support more structured recording and reporting processes. However, the effectiveness has not been fully optimized due to several constraints encountered during implementation. Factors influencing effectiveness include the quality of human resources, the use of technology, data completeness, and coordination among work units. The identified challenges involve data inaccuracies, limited user competence, weak internal control, and technical issues within the system. These conditions affect the quality of financial reports, particularly in terms of accuracy and timeliness, and also influence the effectiveness of internal control. This study contributes by identifying key issues and highlighting the importance of improving system quality and human resource capacity to support more effective and accountable fixed asset management.

This study aims to analyze the position of customary law in the new Criminal Code and the integration of restorative justice in resolving criminal cases in Indonesia. The method used is a qualitative approach with normative juridical research through legislative and conceptual approaches. The results indicate that the new Criminal Code recognizes living law, including customary law, as part of the national legal system. However, its status remains complementary and subordinate to state law. The integration of restorative justice into the criminal justice system is a progressive step that emphasizes restoring relationships between perpetrators, victims, and the community. This approach aligns with customary law values ​​that prioritize deliberation, balance, and social harmony. However, its implementation still faces various challenges, such as unclear regulations, limited official capacity, and potential conflicts with human rights principles. Therefore, regulatory strengthening, procedural standardization, and institutional capacity building are needed to ensure the integration of customary law and restorative justice can be implemented effectively, fairly, and sustainably within the Indonesian criminal justice system.

This study aims to analyze the quality of public services at the Kelurahan Air Putih, Samarinda Ulu District, Samarinda City, East Kalimantan. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collected through interviews and questionnaires. The findings indicate that public service quality at Kelurahan Air Putih is generally categorized as good, as reflected in the majority of respondents agreeing with most service quality indicators, including procedural clarity, staff friendliness, service speed, and administrative requirements. Service completion targets approximately 15 minutes when all requirements are met. However, several aspects still require improvement, particularly in terms of information accessibility, service speed, facility availability, and reduction of service barriers. The study concludes that routine internal evaluation and openness to community feedback are key factors in maintaining and improving service quality. In addition, strengthening employee competence through regular training, optimizing digital service systems, improving public communication, and enhancing supporting infrastructure are expected to increase service effectiveness and customer satisfaction. These improvements will also contribute to more transparent, accountable, responsive, efficient, and citizen-oriented public services while supporting sustainable improvements in local government administrative performance and public trust.