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Diarrhea is a condition characterized by increased frequency of bowel movements (BAB) of ≥3 times/day with a more liquid consistency. Diarrhea can be caused by infectious or non-infectious agents. Diarrhea can occur acutely, lasting less than 2 weeks, or chronically, lasting more than 2 weeks. The prevalence of diarrhea in toddlers is 12.3% and in infants is 10.6%.3 Based on data from the Medan City Health Office, the incidence of diarrhea in 2023 is estimated to be 66,802 cases across all ages and 32,324 cases in toddlers, with almost half of diarrhea sufferers being children. The Medan City Health Office reported the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers was 2,894 cases and adults 14,112 cases, or approximately 20.5%. Parents are one of the closest people and act as caregivers for children, so they have a crucial role in controlling diarrhea in children, including early management and prevention. Good parental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding the management and prevention of diarrhea can reduce diarrhea morbidity and mortality in children.

The empowerment of rural communities is a strategic effort to improve the well-being and economic self-reliance of communities in rural areas. One of the instruments developed by the government to support this objective is the establishment of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) as economic institutions managed by the village and the community in a participatory manner. This study aims to analyze the role of BUMDes in Semaran Village, Pauh Subdistrict, Sarolangun Regency, in empowering the rural community through the management of local potential, the development of productive business units, and the increase in community income. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and analysis of various business programs run by BUMDes. The results indicate that the Semaran Village Government plays a crucial role as a facilitator, initiator, mentor, and supervisor in the management of BUMDes Maju Bersama. The village government is involved in providing initial capital, institutional development, and training to enhance community capacity. Supporting factors for success include Village Fund support, visionary leadership from the Village Head, and active community participation. The main challenges faced include limited capital, a lack of business innovation, low human resource capacity, and limited market access. However, with effective and sustainable management, BUMDes have the potential to serve as a driving force for rural economic development as well as a means of inclusive and sustainable community empowerment.

This study aims to analyze the impact of women’s dual roles and work stress on the work quality of female employees in the Production Division of PT Unggulrejo Wasono, Purworejo. The background of this research arises from the phenomenon of married female workers who must balance household responsibilities with factory production demands, a condition that often leads to stress and decreased work performance. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model. The findings reveal that dual roles significantly influence work quality, with many female employees experiencing physical and mental fatigue that lowers concentration, accuracy, and productivity. Work stress is triggered by excessive workloads, high production targets, uncomfortable working conditions, and limited interpersonal support. There are three findings: (1) negative impacts on female employees without family support; (2) dual roles serve as a motivator when supported by spouses or parents; and (3) fluctuating effects depending on household and work conditions. The research implications affirm that PT Unggulrejo Wasono's efforts to address dual roles and work stress remain limited but somewhat helpful. Counseling programs and stress management training have had a positive impact on some female employees, although the effects are not yet widespread due to the absence of structural policies such as workload adjustments or childcare support. As a result, the work quality of employees who receive support tends to be more stable, while those without support remain vulnerable to decreased productivity and increased absenteeism. Therefore, while the existing  efforts  are beneficial,  their  effectiveness  needs  to  be improved  to  achieve broader  positive outcomes.

This study aims to analyze digital transformation in public administration as a strategy to improve the efficiency and transparency of government services in Poso Regency. The study uses a qualitative approach with library research methods, sourced from various scientific literature, both national and international journals relevant to the research topic. The results show that digital transformation plays a significant role in improving the efficiency of public services through the automation of administrative processes, thereby accelerating service times and reducing the potential for human error. Furthermore, digital transformation also increases transparency and accountability through the openness of public information that is widely accessible to the public. However, the implementation of digital transformation in the regions still faces various challenges, such as limited technological infrastructure, low readiness and competence of human resources, and suboptimal system integration and data security. Therefore, a comprehensive strategy is needed, including strengthening digital infrastructure, increasing the capacity of government officials, and optimizing open data-based policies. This research is expected to contribute to the development of sustainable digital transformation policies at the regional level.

This community service activity aims to improve students' understanding of entrepreneurship through the Socialization of Basic Entrepreneurship for Individual Businesses at SMKN 1 Banyudono, Boyolali Regency. Entrepreneurship education plays a crucial role in preparing vocational school students to enter the workforce and become independent entrepreneurs. However, students' understanding remains limited, both conceptually and practically, particularly regarding individual businesses. This activity was designed using a community organizing approach by actively involving students in all stages of the activity. The implementation method included entrepreneurship socialization, interactive discussions, case studies, simple business simulations, and short interviews. A mixed-method approach was used, namely qualitative through observation and discussion, and quantitative through pre-test and post-test evaluation. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in student understanding, marked by an increase in the average score from the pre-test to the post-test. In addition, there was a positive change in attitude in the form of increased participation, self-confidence, and student awareness of the potential of individual businesses as a realistic business option.

Bureaucratic reform in Indonesia has encouraged the strengthening of civil service management oriented toward performance through the policy of appointing Government Employees with Work Agreements (PPPK) in order to improve the effectiveness of public organizations. This study aims to analyze the performance of PPPK in supporting the implementation of tasks at the Environmental Agency of Jambi City by using Mangkunegara’s performance theory as the analytical framework. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and documentation, and then analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing techniques. The results show that the performance of PPPK is generally in the good category and contributes positively to organizational effectiveness. This is reflected in the aspects of work quality, work quantity, and responsibility as explained in Mangkunegara’s performance theory. The alignment between job placement and competence, increased work motivation due to employment status certainty, and organizational support through training and coaching are the main factors supporting performance optimization. However, there are still constraints, particularly the suboptimal understanding of main duties and functions, thus requiring strengthened organizational communication and continuous capacity development. This study confirms that competency-based management and systematic development of PPPK play an important role in improving the effectiveness of task implementation in the public sector.

This community service project aims to accentuate inclusive values among the youth of Tanjung Dapura, Makassar City, to strengthen social cohesion in a heterogeneous urban environment. The implementation methods included team consolidation, material preparation, and strategic coordination with local government authorities. The core activities were conducted through participatory counseling and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) to independently analyze social exclusion challenges. The materials focused on the importance of respecting diversity and the strategic role of youth as inclusive agents of change. The results indicated a significant increase in participants' understanding of inclusion literacy and their ability to formulate creative solutions for local discrimination issues. Evaluation through observation and reflection confirmed a paradigm shift among the youth from passive tolerance toward active participation in embracing differences. This project concludes that the synergy between critical education and collaborative dialogue successfully transforms youth into resilient pillars of social harmony. The accentuation of these inclusive values is expected to become the foundation for a more just and sustainable coastal community in Makassar.

Non-hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease (CVD) results from blood flow obstruction in the brain due to thrombus or embolus formation, often leading to balance disorders that affect standing and walking. This loss of motor function increases the risk of falls and fractures, which are major complications. Additionally, reduced physical activity can lead to depression. Active exercise has been shown to improve motor function in CVD patients, with nurses playing a key role in supporting these exercises. One effective intervention is the bridging exercise (BE), used for lumbopelvic stabilization, which enhances muscle strength and coordination. BE is particularly beneficial for improving balance in post-CVD patients with hemiplegia. This case study examines the effects of evidence-based bridging exercise (EBP) on balance in three hospitalized non-hemorrhagic CVD patients. Over eight 15-minute sessions, balance was assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). All patients showed significant balance improvement, with an average BBS score increase of 40 points. These results highlight the effectiveness of non-pharmacological bridging exercises in enhancing balance in CVD patients and recommend BE as a routine therapy to continue at home after discharge.

English is an international language that plays a vital role in education and technology; therefore, students are required to master reading comprehension skills, especially narrative texts, to face the challenges of globalization. This study, entitled "Improving Students' Reading Comprehension of Narrative Texts Through Storytelling Activities Using Webtoons in Grade I of MA Daruttholibin Watumalang," aims to improve students' reading comprehension of narrative texts through storytelling activities using Webtoons as a learning medium. This study employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection. Data were collected using descriptive qualitative methods through interviews, tests, and classroom observations. The research procedure began with a pre-test, followed by the implementation of treatment and post-tests in each cycle. The findings indicate that the use of storytelling supported by Webtoons effectively improved students' reading comprehension. This improvement was reflected in students' increased learning motivation, better understanding of narrative text elements, and improved ability to accurately retell stories.

The digital era demands a fundamental transformation in the role of early childhood educators, shifting from passive technology consumers to active architects of digital literacy. However, the dominance of technocentric views often acts as a substantial psychological and pedagogical barrier for teachers in regional areas. This collaborative community service project aims to reconstruct the paradigm of 50 kindergarten teachers in Bulukumba Regency by integrating "unplugged coding" logic and deep learning into play-based learning. Utilizing a Product-Based Intensive Training method with a "Logic over Laptop" strategy, the program focused on deconstructing technology-related stigmas and reconstructing teachers' ability to transform abstract concepts into safe, concrete media for children. Data analysis revealed a significant shift in teacher paradigms; while the majority were initially in the "less successful" category, 100% of participants reached positive categories (successful and very successful) post-intervention. Statistically, the program's effectiveness was evidenced by a dramatic increase in mean scores from 18.04 to 31.24 (p < 0.05) and an N-Gain score of 0.778, classified as highly effective. Furthermore, the partner satisfaction index reached 4.82 (very satisfied), confirming that the tri-campus collaboration model (STAI Al-Gazali, UNM, and Unismuh) is highly relevant to the implementation of the Merdeka Belajar curriculum. This project concludes that strengthening digital literacy through non-digital algorithmic reasoning effectively dismantles technical barriers for teachers while ensuring the safety of child development in the digital age.

Stunting remains a major nutritional problem in Indonesia, impacting the quality of children's growth and development, both in the short and long term. This impact not only affects physical growth but also affects children's endurance and future productivity. Although the national prevalence of stunting shows a downward trend, cases of stunting are still found in various regions, including Banyusari Village, Tegalrejo District. The stunting problem in this region is closely related to parents' low understanding of fulfilling balanced nutrition, especially protein intake, which plays a crucial role in the growth and development of toddlers. This community service activity aims to increase parents' knowledge and awareness in stunting prevention efforts through applicable nutrition education. The activity was carried out by students of the Community Service Program (KKN) of Tidar University. The method used was a socialization method of presenting material on stunting prevention combined with fun cooking practices as a learning medium for serving balanced nutritious meals. In addition, this activity was also accompanied by the provision of Supplementary Food (PMT). The results of the activity showed that participants participated enthusiastically and were able to understand the material presented. The educational approach of fun cooking has been deemed effective in increasing parents' understanding of balanced nutrition and encouraging a shift in mindset from the "just to get full" paradigm to ensuring quality nutrition. This activity is expected to become a practical and sustainable alternative for nutrition education in supporting community-based stunting prevention efforts.    

The Secretariat of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) of Southwest Sumba Regency plays an important role in supporting local government administration. In carrying out its duties, the Secretariat produces various administrative documents that must be properly managed and maintained. However, archive management is still conducted conventionally through physical storage, which increases the risk of document damage, loss, and inefficiency in retrieval. This study aims to develop a web-based archive management information system to improve the effectiveness of document management. The research methodology involves several systematic stages, including needs analysis, system design, development, and system implementation. Data were collected through observation and interviews to identify existing problems in archive management practices. The results show that the developed system provides significant improvements in managing archives electronically. It enables faster data access, better document organization, and reduced risk of physical damage. Therefore, the system offers a practical solution to enhance administrative efficiency and support digital transformation within the DPRD Secretariat of Southwest Sumba Regency.

This study aims to analyze the persuasive communication carried out by Bank Sampah Mutiara Timor in educating waste management among the people of Kupang City and to identify the obstacles faced in the communication process.This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method and is based on a constructivist paradigm. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. The informants consist of the managers of Bank Sampah Mutiara Timor and community members who participate as waste bank customers. Data analysis is conducted using the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing and verification. The theoretical framework applied in this study is Joseph A. DeVito’s persuasive communication theory.The results show that the persuasive communication of Bank Sampah Mutiara Timor is implemented through several strategies, including direct socialization, waste management education, storytelling approaches, and hands-on practices in waste sorting and management. The communication process is carried out in three stages: preparation, implementation,and evaluation. This persuasive communication has been able to increase public awareness and understanding of the importance of proper waste management, although community participation has not yet been fully optimal. The obstacles encountered include cognitive or perceptual barriers, technical limitations, and a lack of public awareness and consistency in sorting waste.This study concludes that persuasive communication plays an important role in community-based waste management education. Therefore, Bank Sampah Mutiara Timor is encouraged to continuously develop innovative and sustainable communication strategies to further enhance community participation in waste management efforts in Kupang City.

This research aims to describe the forms and functions of representative speech acts found in the YouTube video “The Basic Concept of Understanding Humans” by Cania Citta. The study arises from the phenomenon of digital communication, which demonstrates a shift in speech patterns from merely delivering information to constructing intellectual discourse that is both reflective and argumentative. A descriptive qualitative method with a pragmatic approach was employed. The data, consisting of representative utterances, were collected through observation and note-taking techniques on video transcripts, then analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model, which involves data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the dominant representative speech acts include stating, explaining, reporting, concluding, and speculating. Each utterance functions not only to convey information but also to build rational argumentation and foster critical awareness among audiences regarding the concept of humanity. Illocutionarily, these utterances perform informative, argumentative, and reflective functions, emphasizing the speaker’s epistemic responsibility toward the truth of the propositions delivered. The perlocutionary effects include an increased interest and heightened critical awareness among audiences concerning philosophical issues about human nature. This study contributes to the development of pragmatic studies, particularly in understanding the role of language as an instrument of knowledge and persuasion in digital media.

Digestive health in children plays a vital role in their overall growth and development. Diarrhea remains the most frequent illness occurring among children. The use of probiotics can both treat and prevent this condition. Kombucha is a fermented beverage that can function as a probiotic source. The objective of this activity was to educate members of the PKK (Family Welfare Movement) regarding probiotics and to practice making probiotics at home. The methodology employed a combination of counseling, demonstrations, and hands-on practice. The results of this activity showed an increase in knowledge among all participants concerning probiotics. Participants were enthusiastic and eager during the direct practice of brewing kombucha. Overall, this activity provided a positive impact on the PKK members, with the hope that it can be maintained sustainably to establish the home as the primary foundation for health.

This study aims to determine the effect of educational activities on the management of ARI through infant massage practices on increasing maternal knowledge and reducing complaints of coughs and colds in infants in Majungan Village. The research method used was descriptive with a mixed methods approach (quantitative and qualitative). The study subjects consisted of 25 mothers with infants aged 0–12 months. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and pre-test and post-test questionnaires. The results showed that the level of maternal knowledge increased from 28% to 88% after being provided with education and demonstrations of infant massage. In addition, 76% of mothers reported a decrease in complaints of coughs and colds in infants after routine infant massage for one week. Qualitative results indicate that this activity is not only physically beneficial, but also increases the role of mothers in the management of mild ARI and awareness of the importance of cleanliness and environmental health. Thus, education on the management of ARI through infant massage practices can be one of the supporting efforts in maintaining infant health, especially in areas with limited access to health services.

This community service program aims to revitalize religious and social-value-based worship services for people with mental disorders (ODGJ) level 4 to support the rehabilitation process at the Sidoarjo Regency Social Service. ODGJ level 4 are individuals with mild mental disorders who still have the potential to develop socially and spiritually if they receive appropriate support. However, in practice, the rehabilitation program tends to focus on medical and psychological aspects, while spiritual guidance has not been optimally integrated. The implementation method uses a participatory approach involving companions, families, and the social environment under the coordination of the Sidoarjo Regency Social Service. The results of the activity indicate that the revitalization of religious and social-value-based worship services can increase the involvement of ODGJ in worship activities, improve social interactions, and have a positive impact on the emotional stability of participants. In addition, this program also encourages the active role of families and communities in supporting the spiritual-based rehabilitation process. Thus, the approach worship assistance based on socio-religious values ​​can be an alternative model in supporting the holistic rehabilitation of ODGJ level 4, which includes spiritual, social, and psychological aspects, especially in the context of community-based services at the Sidoarjo Regency Social Service.

The performance of Asphalt Concrete – Wearing Course (AC-WC) is greatly influenced by the characteristics of the mixture, one of which is the void value which plays a role in stability, durability, and resistance to damage. Rainwater is the most dominant environmental factor accelerating pavement damage through stripping mechanisms, bond release, and a decrease in the structural strength of the layer. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study on changes in void value with soaking duration, the relationship of void value to the design life of the road pavement, and an empirical model of the design life based on void value with variations in soaking in the mixture using a laboratory test approach. Based on the results of laboratory tests, it can be seen that changes in void values ​​due to variations in soaking time using rainwater indicate that the longer the mixture is soaked, the changes in VIM and VMA values ​​tend to decrease, while VFA increases. The relationship between VIM values ​​and the design life of road pavements in AC-WC layers due to soaking variations shows that the design life decreases sharply when the VIM value is <3%. Thus, long-term immersion can reduce the road life by more than 35% of its ideal design life and based on a simple empirical model equation to estimate the design life of the pavement based on the void value and immersion conditions, N0 = 12.5 years is obtained (Ideal mix design life at VIM = 4%).

Adolescence is a transitional period prone to problematic behavior due to significant physical, emotional, and social changes. One of the main factors influencing adolescent behavior is parenting style. This study aims to examine the importance of parenting styles in preventing problematic behavior in adolescents. The method used in this study is a literature review. The results of the study indicate that democratic (authoritative) parenting plays a protective role in preventing delinquency, aggressive behavior, and maladaptive behavior. Conversely, authoritarian and permissive parenting styles tend to be positively correlated with increased deviant, aggressive, and antisocial behavior in adolescents. Furthermore, self-control and morality act as mediators that can strengthen or reduce the influence of parenting styles on juvenile delinquency. Thus, the role of the family as the primary and primary environment is crucial in early detection and prevention of problematic behavior in adolescents.

Adolescence is a transitional stage of development characterised by rapid biological, psychological, and social changes that increase vulnerability to the emergence of problematic behaviour. The increase in cases of juvenile delinquency highlights the importance of early detection as a prevention strategy. This study aims to examine the role of families and schools in the early detection of problematic behaviour in adolescents through a systematic literature review. The study used a systematic literature review method by analysing scientific articles published between 2021 and 2026 that discussed family involvement, the role of schools, and early detection of adolescent behaviour. Data were collected through a structured process of searching, selecting, critically evaluating, and synthesising the literature. The results showed that family factors such as parenting styles, emotional support, communication quality, and supervision have a significant influence on adolescent behavioural development. Schools also play a strategic role through counselling services, behavioural screening, mental health education, and collaborative interventions. Effective early detection occurs when families and schools work together through continuous communication and coordinated monitoring. Therefore, the role of families and schools is to strengthen efforts to identify and prevent behavioral problems so that interventions can be carried out more quickly to support the social and emotional well-being of adolescents. Strengthening collaboration and structured detection systems are important steps in reducing the risk of problematic behaviour in adolescents.