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This research aims to explore the potential of siwalan skewer woven plates as a typical local product of Pragaan Daya Village, Sumenep, and consider the need for Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection for these products. The background of this research is the great potential of local handicraft products that have not been fully utilized and legally protected, so that they are at risk of unauthorized reproduction. The formulation of the problems raised includes the potential cultural and economic value of this product, as well as challenges in the IPR registration process. The research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach, involving in-depth interviews and participatory observation to collect data from artisans and local community leaders. The results of the study show that siwalan skewer woven plates have unique raw materials and traditional woven techniques that are inherited from generation to generation. IPR protection is expected to increase product added value, strengthen local identity, and encourage the economic welfare of the Pragaan Daya community. Support from the government is needed to facilitate the IPR registration process and overcome the obstacles faced by the community in understanding the procedures and registration costs.

This study aims to assess the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on the consolidated statements of PT Mayora Indah Tbk. At PT Mayora Indah Tbk, exchange rate fluctuations have a major influence on financial statements, this can happen because of the influence of global commodity prices where subsidiaries are located abroad, third party cooperation for export sales, loans and also the cost of purchasing the main raw materials for the company's production. The method used in this research is qualitative research, where the object of research is PT Mayora Indah Tbk. Collecting data and information using library research methods and PT Mayora Indah Tbk data taken from the annual consolidated financial statements of PT Mayora Indah Tbk. The results showed that the treatment of foreign exchange and foreign currency differences at PT Mayora Indah Tbk, is in accordance with the applicable PSAK.

Local food-based Entrepreneurship Training will be one of the important things for the community in utilizing products. However, there are several major problems in the Production sector such as the continuity of local food products not being available at all times because the community does not utilize raw products to be processed into new products that have added value. In addition, there are problems in the managerial and marketing fields. The problems in the managerial field are lack of planning, organization, lack of organization, lack of directors in the division of work in groups and lack of supervision. In the marketing field, there are still problems in promoting and selling products where in addition the products have not been accepted by the Community. The method of implementing Community Service activities from the UNIMOR Research and Community Service Institute (LPPM) provides solutions in answering the problems that exist in the Kasih Setia Women Farmers group. The method of implementing the activities in question is by identifying problems using the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) model. The results achieved are that Farmers gain Knowledge in the Empowerment Program through Entrepreneurship Training activities by changing Purple Sweet Potato and Yellow Pumpkin materials into pumpkin sticks and purple sweet potato sticks so that they have added value to the product. There are several suggestions that need to be considered in empowering the Kasih Setia Farmer group, namely that Farmer Empowerment activities must continue to be encouraged in other villages or in the village with an empowerment model in the form of other processed foods to increase farmers' knowledge in processing local products into new products so that the added value of the product becomes higher to penetrate the market.    

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in the economy by creating jobs and fostering local economic growth. However, MSMEs, especially in the culinary sector, often face challenges in managing finances, including accurately calculating the Cost of Goods Manufactured (COGM). COGM, which includes raw materials, labor, and overhead costs, is essential for setting appropriate prices and maintaining profitability. Miscalculations can lead to inaccurate pricing, impacting competitiveness and profit margins. This study analyzes COGM calculations at U&Mie, a culinary MSME known for its chili oil chicken noodles, to understand its pricing strategy. Findings from this research and prior studies by Harefa and Purwanto reveal that the full-costing method provides consistent results, highlighting the need for comprehensive COGM calculations to avoid overlooking variables that could affect pricing. This study aims to offer guidance for MSMEs in managing production costs and setting prices effectively, enhancing their market competitiveness.

This study discusses the implementation of Sharia values in the production process of the small-medium enterprise (SME) "Tempe Kupas Kulit Mbah Anik," a business established in 1978 on Jln. Mangaan 1 gg. Ali, owned by Siti Nurhayani with four employees. Sharia principles in business practices, such as honesty, cleanliness, and fairness, serve as essential foundations for managing a food-related business. This research aims to examine the application of Sharia values at every stage of production, from raw material selection and processing to product distribution. The study uses a qualitative approach, collecting data through interviews and direct observation. The findings reveal that Sharia values are consistently applied in the SME's production processes, particularly in the selection of halal, high-quality raw materials, maintaining cleanliness in production, and treating employees fairly. The implications of this study suggest that implementing Sharia principles in SMEs has the potential to enhance consumer trust and foster sustainable and ethical business development. This study is expected to inspire other SMEs to incorporate Sharia principles in their operational practices.

This study aims to analyze the calculation of Cost of Goods Manufactured (COGS) and sales strategies at MSME Boembu Rumah Catering. Using a direct interview method with the business owner, this research explores the components of production costs which include raw materials, labor, and overhead costs. The results showed that Boembu Rumah Catering was able to determine a competitive and efficient selling price, thus achieving a profit of 98%. In conclusion, accurate COGS calculation and proper understanding of cost components can improve the efficiency and profitability of MSME businesses, while strengthening competitiveness in the catering market.  

Crude Oil, which has long been a mainstay sector in Indonesia's exports, contributes greatly to state revenue, thus driving the pace of national economic growth. In the context of the Indonesian economy, the crude oil industry plays an indispensable role, especially over the past few decades. This study aims to identify the factors that affect the volume of Indonesia's crude oil exports to nine main destination countries—including Japan, South Korea, China, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, the United States, and Taiwan—in the period from 2003 to 2022. Some of the variables analyzed include exchange rates, foreign investment, production, and world oil prices. Through the regression analysis method of panel data, the results of this study indicate that simultaneously, exchange rates, foreign investment, production, and world oil prices have a significant effect on Indonesia's crude oil exports to these countries. Separately, the world exchange rate and oil price variables had a significant negative influence on Indonesia's crude oil export volume, while the foreign investment and production variables showed a positive and significant influence on export volume during the 2003-2022 research period.

Foodstuffs are raw materials in the form of agricultural, vegetable and animal products that are used by the food processing industry to produce a food product. Food ingredients consist of plant foods and animal foods. Food is the most basic need for human resources in a country. Food prices sometimes experience erratic increases or decreases. The aim of this research is to determine the results of food price predictions in the Deli Serdang Regency area using the Backpropagation algorithm. The data used in this research is food price data from 2020 to 2023 which comes from the official National Food Ingredients website. This research uses the Backpropagation algorithm artificial neural network method which uses several architectural models and the results of this test will produce the best accuracy values. The test results show that the best architecture for research on implementing the backpropagation algorithm in predicting food prices in Deli Serdang Regency is 2-10-1 with an accuracy of 87.5% and the 2-3-8-1 architecture with an accuracy of 87.5%.

The filler in asphalt concrete layers usually uses Portland cement, whose raw materials are limestone and clay, these resources are limited and cannot be renewed. Therefore, teak wood charcoal can be an alternative filler. Charcoal contains non-polar carbon compounds, such as asphalt, which have adhesive properties to hold different particles together. So, in this research, it is hoped that teak wood charcoal can be used as a filler in accordance with the General Specifications of Bina Marga 2018 Revision 2. This research uses variations in filler levels of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%. Based on the Marshall test results, the optimum asphalt content value was 6.40% and the optimum filler content value was 0.58%. The addition of teak charcoal as a filler increases the stability, Marshall Quotient, VIM and VMA values, but reduces the flow and VFA values. In conclusion, the addition of teak charcoal as a filler to the AC-WC mixture can increase the strength of the road pavement, but excessive use can make the road pavement porous and damaged.

Mental workload has a significant influence on employee performance in doing work. PT XYZ is a state-owned company engaged in the agro-industrial sector that produces fertilizer and non-fertilizer products. To maintain the quality of raw materials to products, laboratory personnel are needed. Production laboratory personnel 1A PT. XYZ has a routine job of analyzing raw materials and by-products to main products. This study aims to identify the mental workload of 1A production laboratory employees and identify appropriate intervention methods to reduce mental workload. The process of measuring mental workload uses the NASA-TLX scale and the AHP method to determine the proper intervention method. The results of this study showed that 26% of employees experienced a high mental workload. The selected intervention using the AHP method to reduce mental workload is meditation.

Independent Community Service (KKN) in Desa Besar II Terjun by students of the Faculty of Islamic Studies, University of Muhammadiyah North Sumatra aims to improve the quality of education and optimize MSMEs. Through an in-depth survey, the author identified four main problems: the use of chemicals in agriculture, inappropriate educational curriculum, and less than optimal innovation and marketing of MSME products. The implementation method involves face-to-face (on the spot training) with coordination of village officials, as well as the use of chemical raw materials and promotional media to support marketing. The results of the activity show that the author understands the importance of effective communication in building relationships with the community and gaining valuable experience outside the classroom. MSME actors feel helped by the support of students, while the community feels a more lively village atmosphere. This activity is expected to provide significant benefits for the community of Desa Besar II Terjun and be the first step in sustainable empowerment.

Kendari Beach is said to be strategic because it is crowded with residents both in the city and outside the city of Kendari to just hang out, go for a walk or enjoy various culinary delights. The Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on the shop and restaurant business. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on shop and restaurant businesses in terms of work environment, workforce, procurement of raw materials, number of customers and business turnover and income in the Kendari Beach area, West Kendari District, Kendari City. The determination of the research area was carried out purposively with the consideration that the Kendari Beach area is one of the culinary tourism areas that is quite popular with the community. The number of respondents in this study were 28 shop businesses and 3 restaurant businesses. Data analysis used descriptive analysis through a Likert scale and quantitative analysis through paired t tests. The results of the study show that the Covid-19 pandemic has no impact on employment and raw material procurement. However, the Covid-19 pandemic has had quite an impact on the environment and work operations. Furthermore, the Covid-19 pandemic has greatly impacted the number of customers as well as turnover and income. The strategy adopted by several shop and restaurant businesses in the Kendari Beach area to maintain and develop their business is to open a business earlier than usual and comply with all the requirements in order to receive assistance from the government.

Wood is the main element that determines the quality of a furniture product or other wooden crafts. Furniture was originally a wood carving craft industry, so that the furniture products produced emphasize the artistic aspect (carvings). The lack of knowledge of furniture companies and laypeople in this industry results in difficulties in determining the decision to choose wood to be used as a material for good and quality furniture crafts. Determining the quality of wood for furniture crafts needs to be strengthened by the increasing needs of the furniture industry. This industry has a high demand for quality wood raw materials to produce durable and aesthetic furniture products. Therefore, determining the quality of wood is crucial in ensuring the success of production and customer satisfaction..    

The rapid growth of the business world is forcing companies to adopt automation and efficiency to survive and compete. PT. Varia Usaha Beton, a concrete manufacturer, relies heavily on an accounting system for raw material purchasing to ensure efficient operations. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the company's raw material purchasing accounting system, identify problems and recommend improvements. The research method used is descriptive and qualitative with a case study approach. Primary data was obtained through interviews and observations, while secondary data was obtained through company documents. The research results show that the system works well and supports cost control, inventory management and quality monitoring. However, there are several vulnerabilities such as human error, technical issues with the ERP system, and weather-related delays in shipping raw materials. Recommended improvements include improved employee training, optimizing the ERP system, and developing more efficient inventory management. This research provides insights into the importance of evaluating accounting systems to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of business operations. Further research is recommended to conduct comparative analysis with other companies and explore new technologies to increase purchasing management transparency and efficiency

Opportunities and challenges faced in developing MSMEs definitely exist in the MSME development process. Pati Angkrik as a local tuber food offers significant potential opportunities in improving community welfare. Pati Angkrik, which belongs to the group of tubers, can be processed into various processed food and beverage products. And the challenges faced by Pati Angkrik MSMEs include limited raw materials, limited human resources, time requirements, and ineffective marketing access, making the development of Pati Angkrik MSMEs also experiencing obstacles. Triharjo Village, Gemuh District, Kendal Regency, has the Pati Angkrik micro and small and medium enterprise (MSME) as one of the community businesses in Triharjo Village. However, there are challenges and opportunities it faces. The aim of this service is to provide MSME development to the challenges and opportunities faced by Pati Angkrik MSME actors in Triharjo Village, so that they can help Angkrik starch MSME actors by replacing more modern packaging and designing packaging for Angkrik starch MSME products. This devotion uses method Participatory Action Research is a method of raising public awareness regarding potential and existing problems and encouraging community participation in change activities that will be implemented. This service has succeeded in providing development for pati angkrik MSMEs by changing product packaging to modern packaging and creating packaging designs, so that the development of pati angkrik MSMEs can benefit the angkrik starch MSMEs in Triharjo Village.

The problem faced by the Bmrsign Wallgallery company is that products are found that do not match the specifications set by the company. The types of product damage are wrong size frames, broken frames, and uneven corners. To solve this problem, the SQC method is used to reduce the causes of defects in the product. The purpose of this method is to reduce the risk of damage to the product. The object studied was Bmrsign Wallgallery with a sample of 29 days. The use of the SQC method is accompanied by analysis tools in the form of control charts (p-charts), Pareto diagrams, cause and effect diagrams (fishbone). Based on the results of data analysis implementing the Statistical Quality Control (SQC) method using the P-Chart control map, the largest value of the Upper Control Limit (UCL) can be shown as 0.272, while the Lower Control Limit (LCL) is -0.013. The results show that the number of defective products during the frame making process is still within normal control limits. The analysis using the Pareto diagram shows that the types of frame defects are dominated by broken with a percentage of 35% or a total of 66 pcs, inappropriate size shapes as much as 33% or a total of 62 pcs, and uneven corners as much as 32% or a total of 60 pcs. Based on the results of the fishbone diagram analysis, defective products are caused by workers who are not focused, work standards are not adhered to, machine maintenance is not given attention, and there is a decrease in the quality of raw materials.

This thesis aims to: (1) To determine the marketing strategy of the tofu production business in increasing sales results according to an Islamic economic perspective at the Pinta Tofu Factory in Neighborhood VII, Sibuhuan Market, Barumun District. (2) To find out the advantages and disadvantages of marketing strategies used by Pinta Tofu Factory in Neighborhood VII, Sibuhuan Market, Barumun District.  This research is a type of field research (field research), where this research uses qualitative research methods. The subjects in this study were the owners and employees of the Pinta tofu factory. Data collection techniques in this study were through observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques used in this research are data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed that: (1) The marketing strategy applied by Pinta Tofu Factory is a market segmentation strategy, market positioning, differentiation and targeting. Then in the application of market segmentation, it suggests three segments such as psychographic segmentation, geographic segmentation and demographic segmentation. This is done so that it has a good impact on the business run by Mrs. Uba Roisa Lubis. (2) The advantages of choosing a location that makes the selling power of the Pinta Tofu Factory, having a strategic production site and directly marketing the products owned directly to traditional markets are also an attraction because it is easier for people to buy the products offered. While the shortcomings of the Pinta Tofu Factory are in capital problems in developing the business, the scarcity of production raw materials, namely soy beans, is also an obstacle in meeting public demand and the many competitors that appear in the target market by offering the same product.

Mitra Toraja Markisa is a family business in Rantetayo sub-district which produces passion fruit into a drink that is rich in benefits. Production at Mitra Markisa Toraja has several obstacles that often affect the production process, including the limited passion fruit as the raw material in making the product, resulting in the expected production target sometimes not being achieved. This limitation of raw materials is caused by several things such as the failure of the passion fruit harvest due to plant pests or other things, the type of passion fruit needed sometimes experiences a decrease in stock because it is much sought after and other problems. In recording its production reports/budgets, Mitra Markisa Toraja still records manually in the ledger, which is recorded for one period/year. The products produced by Mitra Markisa Toraja have been distributed throughout Tana Toraja and North Toraja and have even been shipped outside Toraja. The purpose of the research to be achieved is to determine the results of the production budget analysis at the Mitra Toraja Markisa Industry.

This research discusses the application of the sales budget as a tool for planning and controlling finished goods inventory. The aim of this research was carried out based on the application of a sales budget to find out how to implement a sales budget which can be used as a planning and control tool for finished goods inventory to optimize profits at CV Wecono Asri. The type of research used in this research is descriptive quantitative, namely providing a picture of the actual situation of the object under study based on facts, by collecting data processing such as collecting related data, namely raw material costs, labor costs and factory overhead costs. The data examined in this research is from 2021 to 2022 as a basis for calculating sales forecasts in 2023 which will then be prepared for implementing the sales budget. From the results of the research that has been carried out, it shows that the implementation of the sales budget at CV Wecono Asri is more controlled compared to before the sales budget was prepared because the resulting acquisition costs also increase due to the difference between the profit and loss budget report and the profit and loss realization report, which produces results The final difference in profit and loss was IDR 16,660. So with these results it is recommended that CV Wecono Asri prepare a sales budget, production budget, raw materials budget, labor budget and factory overhead budget, the company will get a greater profit than the previous year.  

Critical Control Point (CCP) a point, stage, or procedures where the danger that related with food can be prevented, eliminated or reduced to the point that can be accepted (allowed or secure point). The purpose of this research is to know the level of the determination of Critical Control Point (CCP) on the process of fish canning sardinella,SP and know the critical control point on the process of fish canning sardinella,SP. This study uses qualitative data obtained from interviews, surveys, observations and documentation using data reduction analysis, data presentation, verification and decisionmaking trees. The results of this study show that the Application of Critical Control Point (CCP) in the Lemuru Fish Canning Process (Sardinella Lemuru) at PT Sarana Tani Pratama has been effective even though there are several elements that need more attention so that its application can be in accordance with the guidelines for good food production methods. Critical control points (CCP) in the process of canning lemuru fish (Sardinella, sp), are as follows: 1) Acceptance of raw materials (frozen & fresh), 2) Closure of cans (seammer), 3) Sterelization / Retort.