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This research aims to explore the dynamics of the lives of women who have worked as female sex workers in their efforts to live a life that is considered normal by society after being involved in the prostitution business. This research also seeks to identify the motivating factors that encourage these women to leave the profession and switch to a life that is in line with the values ​​and norms prevailing in society. The research methods used include in-depth interviews and participant observation to understand the challenges, adaptation process, and social support that play a role in their reintegration process. It is hoped that the research results will provide insight into their transformation journey, the social and psychological obstacles they face, as well as the crucial factors that play a role in helping them rediscover their identity and social roles that are recognized in their community. It is hoped that these findings can provide input for policy makers and social institutions in designing effective rehabilitation and reintegration programs.

This study examines the dynamics of Christian families in navigating modern lifestyles, focusing on the congregation of GKII Efata Bonet Engkabang. Modernity characterized by digitalization, high mobility, economic pressure, and shifting social values has significantly influenced family communication patterns, emotional relationships, and spiritual formation within Christian households. The purpose of this study is to describe the changes experienced by congregational families in the context of modernity and to analyze the role of pastoral counseling as a relevant form of support for family well-being. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method, collecting data through in-depth interviews, limited observations, and a review of church documents. The findings indicate that Christian families face challenges such as declining communication quality, reduced family time, the pervasive influence of gadgets on daily interactions, and weakened spiritual disciplines. Furthermore, shifting parenting patterns and increasing psychological pressure also affect family stability. Within this context, pastoral counseling in GKII Efata Bonet Engkabang plays an essential role in providing spiritual, emotional, and practical guidance through empathetic, relational, and faith-based approaches. Pastoral care has proven effective in helping families realign life priorities, strengthen communication, and cultivate sustainable spiritual practices. The implications of this study highlight the urgency of enhancing structured family support programs in the church, improving pastoral leaders’ capacity as counselors, and encouraging families to develop healthy digital discipline to maintain relational and spiritual quality amid the demands of modern life.

Early marriage conducted through siri (unregistered religious marriage) remains a complex social phenomenon in Indonesia, often influenced by emotional ties, religious beliefs, and family expectations. This study explores the intersection between love, faith, and family in shaping decisions surrounding early siri marriage and religious conversion. Through a qualitative approach, the research examines how young individuals navigate personal relationships while facing moral, spiritual, and cultural pressures. The findings reveal that early siri marriage is frequently chosen as a solution to preserve family honor or legitimize romantic relationships, yet it also creates legal and psychological vulnerabilities, especially for young women. Furthermore, the decision to convert religions is shown to be deeply connected to marital commitments and familial influence, reflecting the struggle between personal conviction and social acceptance. This study highlights the need for broader legal protection, education, and social support systems to address the long-term impacts of unregistered early marriage and religious transition. Ultimately, the research emphasizes that decisions regarding marriage and faith are rarely individual choices alone, but rather shaped by powerful emotional and familial dynamics.

This research is motivated by the researcher’s curiosity about discrimination and social conflict, which are the central themes in the novel Maryam by Okky Madasari. The main character in this novel, Maryam, faces an inner conflict between maintaining her personal beliefs and coping with the social pressures exerted by her community and family. The internal and external conflicts experienced by Maryam illustrate the psychological dynamics of individuals living in an intolerant environment. To understand these conflicts, this study applies Sigmund Freud's psychological approach, emphasizing the interaction among the id, ego, and superego. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, employing a literature review. The analysis reveals that while Maryam’s id drives her to uphold her freedom and personal beliefs, her superego imposes pressure through societal norms and family expectations. Meanwhile, Maryam's ego functions as a mediator, seeking a compromise, though this leads to emotional distress. These internal and external conflicts reflect the social realities faced by individuals from minority groups, which can significantly influence their life choices.

Using a mixed-method approach, This study examines emotional support for Quranic memorization students (santri tahfidz) in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren). Quantitative analysis of 515 santri tahfidz revealed high levels of emotional support (M = 3.74, SD = 0.68) with two primary dimensions: reliable relationships (74.96%) and trusted guidance (75.17%). Multiple regression analysis uncovered a significant relationship between emotional support and Quranic memorization achievement (β = 0.42, p < .001, R² = 0.18). A meta-analysis of 28 studies (N = 3,627) confirmed a positive correlation between emotional support and students' psychological well-being (r = 0.39, 95% CI [0.34, 0.44]). MANOVA results indicated significant differences in santri tahfidz's perceptions of emotional support based on gender (Wilks' λ = .97, F(2, 512) = 7.85, p < .001, partial η² = .03) and age (Wilks' λ = .95, F(4, 1022) = 6.73, p < .001, partial η² = .03). These findings extend previous research by Hasfi (2018) and Vista (2018) by identifying the specific roles of teacher support (β = 0.31, p < .01) and peer support (β = 0.28, p < .01) in enhancing student resilience. Furthermore, this study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of emotional support dynamics in pesantren tahfidz education, integrating Bronfenbrenner's (1979) ecological perspective and Deci and Ryan's (2000) self-determination theory. Finally in a practical context, the researcher evaluates this study has implications for the development of more structured and efficient emotional support intervention programs in tahfidz pesantren.

This study examines the dynamics of personal adjustment in Quranic memorization students using a mixed methods approach, combining quantitative field analysis as primary data and meta-analysis as secondary data. The field study involved 515 students from two Indonesian Islamic boarding schools: Pesantren Tahfizh Daarul Qur'an and Yayasan Islamic Centre Sumatera Utara. The meta-analysis included 30 studies (N = 4,827) from international databases. The quantitative analysis showed a high level of personal adjustment among students (M = 3.66, SD = 0.52), with the highest score on acting objectively according to one's conditions and potential (M = 3.85, SD = 0.48). Regression analysis revealed that self-acceptance significantly predicted overall personal adjustment (β = 0.42, p < .001). The meta-analysis confirmed a positive relationship between self-acceptance and personal adjustment (r = 0.53, 95% CI [0.47, 0.59]). Moderator analysis indicated a stronger effect for female students (r = 0.58) than males (r = 0.49). These findings extend the research of Ahmad et al. (2022) and Rahma (2023) by identifying unique factors influencing personal adjustment of Quranic memorization students, such as memorization intensity (β = 0.31, p < .01) and social support in Quranic boarding schools (β = 0.28, p < .01). Additionally, the integration of primary and secondary data provides a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of personal adjustment in Quranic memorization students, emphasizing the importance of evidence-based interventions to enhance the psychological well-being of these students.

This exploratory study is the influence of individual psychology on the development of acculturation through the integration of psychological and social perspectives. The purpose of this study is to provide a better understanding how psychological and social factors influence statements made in the accounting context. Using a multidisciplinary approach, this study identifies and analyzes cognitive biases, social norms, and group dynamics that influence the process of developing acceptance attitudes. The findings of the study indicate that psychological biases such as overconfidence, self-isolation, and herd behavior have a significant impact on attitudes held by individuals and groups. In addition, psychological factors such as social support and organizational culture take an important part in fostering trust. In the hope of providing more detailed information on how psychological and social elements interact in the accounting context.

This study examines social norms in the short story "Good Morning, Unemployed!" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma using a literary sociology approach. This work describes the dynamics of the life of an unemployed person who is often the target of community stigma. Social norms, such as the pressure to be economically independent and the hope of success, are examined through the narratives and characters in this short story. The study reveals the psychological impact of stigma, unfair access to opportunities, and the importance of solidarity amid social pressure. This analysis shows the role of short stories as a medium of reflection and criticism of social reality that is often overlooked. With a qualitative descriptive approach, this study emphasizes the relevance of social issues in literature as a reflection and driver of public awareness.

This qualitative research delves into the psychological demarcations within Amitav Ghosh’s “The Shadow Lines” by an intensive study of the characters’ intricate relationships with each other, creating a sense of internationalism. Set against the backdrop of the Indian subcontinent’s partition, the novel explores the artificial divisions of caste, nation, and identity, and their profound impacts on human relationships. This study examines both primary and secondary sources to dissect the intricate relationships among the characters, highlighting the devastating effects of psychological borders compared to physical ones. While geographical demarcations physically separate people, the psychological borders ingrained in individuals’ minds create deeper, more enduring divisions. This research underscores how these mental boundaries perpetuate alienation, contrasting with the moments of collective unity despite physical separations. Through a meticulous analysis of character dynamics, the paper argues that psychological borders are more harmful, influencing emotions and identities on a fundamental level. The study offers significant insights into the themes of identity, trauma, and demarcation in literature, contributing to a deeper understanding of how mental and social divisions shape human interactions and societal structures.

This study aims to explore the influence of biological factors, specifically DNA, on men's decisions regarding celibacy, monogamy, and polygamy. In this context, sexual and relationship decisions may be influenced by various genetic factors underlying individual behaviors and preferences. By analyzing genetic data from male samples who choose celibacy, monogamy, or polygamy, and collecting information about their social and psychological backgrounds, this research identifies genetic patterns that may be associated with tendencies toward one of these three options. Initial findings suggest that certain genetic variations may be related to relationship preferences and sexual behavior. This study provides new insights into how genetic factors can affect decisions related to relationship structures, with significant implications for further research on the interaction between biology and social behavior. The results of this research are expected to open up further dialogue regarding the role of genetics in determining human relationship dynamics.

This research analyzes the novel "Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wijck" by Hamka using a literary psychology approach, specifically using the personality structure according to Sigmund Freud, namely Id, Ego and Superego. The research method used is an explanatory qualitative approach using data from the novel. Data collection techniques were carried out through skimming and notation to quote quotes that were relevant to the characters and conflicts in the novel. Content and discourse analysis is used to identify the main themes, conflicts and character development in the novel. The results of the analysis show the psychological conflict experienced by the main character, Zainuddin, in his interactions with his environment, as well as a deep inner conflict due to love that does not reach Hayati. This research provides a comprehensive understanding of the characters and dynamics in the novel. Thus, this research can contribute to further understanding of literary and psychological works, as well as their relevance in understanding the human condition in everyday life.  

This research analyzes the novel "Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wijck" by Hamka using a literary psychology approach, specifically using the personality structure according to Sigmund Freud, namely Id, Ego and Superego. The research method used is an explanatory qualitative approach using data from the novel. Data collection techniques were carried out through skimming and notation to quote quotes that were relevant to the characters and conflicts in the novel. Content and discourse analysis is used to identify the main themes, conflicts and character development in the novel. The results of the analysis show the psychological conflict experienced by the main character, Zainuddin, in his interactions with his environment, as well as a deep inner conflict due to love that does not reach Hayati. This research provides a comprehensive understanding of the characters and dynamics in the novel. Thus, this research can contribute to further understanding of literary and psychological works, as well as their relevance in understanding the human condition in everyday life.

This study aims to determine the nusyuz behavior of husbands to wives in the dynamics of contemporary community marriage. By using literature research and descriptive qualitative methods, the researcher seeks to understand the various aspects that contribute to the emergence of nusyuz behavior. Based on the results of the study, the researcher found several factors at play, including economic problems that burden the family, differences in socio-cultural values that may not be aligned, psychological issues that affect relationship dynamics, lack of deep religious understanding, and the influence of a less supportive family and social environment. Overcoming this problem requires strategic and collaborative measures involving various parties. The government and related institutions must take the initiative to create programs that educate the public about the importance of understanding and practicing Islamic teachings in accordance with the current context. Educational and religious institutions must be active in spreading the values of love, compassion and harmony taught by Islam. In addition, increasing public awareness about rights in marriage and the importance of gender equality is also key to preventing nusyuz.

This research discusses the phenomenon of sexual violence against children in Indonesia with a focus on a case involving an elementary school student in Serang, Banten. Through a framing analysis approach, this research explores how the media, especially Detik.com and Radar Banten, frame news about the case. The research results show that psychological, social and environmental factors influence perpetrators of sexual violence in targeting minors or their own children. The framing of reports by the media also plays an important role in shaping public perceptions about the case, by highlighting aspects such as the perpetrator's psychological condition, the role of parents, and the urgency in handling sexual violence cases. The implications of this research are the importance of a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the relationship between perpetrators and victims of sexual violence, as well as the need for preventive measures and stronger law enforcement to protect children from sexual violence.      

The psychodynamic approach includes a deep understanding of the complex interactions between culture and individual psychological aspects. This approach combines elements of psychodynamics, such as unconscious conflict and psychosexual development, with sensitivity to the role of culture in shaping a person's identity and thought patterns. The aim of this research is to understand in depth the multicultural view in the psychodynamic approach. By using literature study research methods which involve collecting, reviewing, and synthesizing information from relevant text sources to answer research questions or develop arguments. This study supports the aspect of cultural integration in psychodynamic practice to understand mental dynamics in a multicultural context. Psychodynamics in multiculturalism tends to emphasize the importance of understanding the complexity of individuals by considering their cultural background. These conclusions indicate the need to integrate multicultural aspects in psychodynamic practice to understand and respond to the diversity of human experience more holistically

Cervical cancer is a gynecology disease and primarily cause of woman death, hysterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove partially or totally the uterus. Hysterectomy is one of the surgical actions that causes anatomical changes. This research aims to examine the dynamics on overview of  post traumatic growth emergence women with servical cancer post hysterectomy. This study used a qualitative approach three participants who were joined this study were gained by purposive sampling method. Data obtained through observation and interview with subject and significant others. The data collection technique is interview with general guidelines. The study subjects were three early adult woman 30-45 years old, who have hysterectomy between 1-2 years in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta.  Results showed in the process of post traumatic growth, all subjects demonstrated positive change toward higher level of change in perception, relation with others and change in philosophy of life. Change in philosophy of life was found to be the most dominant dimension. Subjects can develop themselves toward psychological growth which is better than ever. This process is also influenced by the presence of presence of social support and believe in God

This study aims to analyze the impact of hoax news on bullying behavior in SMP Nasrani 2 Medan. The proliferation of hoax news, facilitated by social media, has become a concerning issue affecting various aspects of society. Bullying, a prevalent problem among children and adolescents, manifests in various forms such as verbal, physical, and psychological abuse. Both phenomena have significant implications for individuals and communities, leading to distrust, conflict, and unhealthy societal values.Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this research delves into the dynamics between hoax news and bullying behavior among students at SMP Nasrani 2 Medan. Data collection involves literature review and observation of student characteristics, facilitated by interviews with students, class teachers, and school principals. The analysis interprets the relationship between misinformation and bullying behavior, aiming to identify patterns and insights to understand their impact comprehensively. The findings underscore the intertwined nature of hoax news and bullying behavior. Hoax news spreads rapidly through social media, exacerbating tensions and conflicts among students. Fear, hatred, and prejudice triggered by misinformation can fuel bullying behaviors, perpetuating a cycle of intimidation and harassment. The study reveals the importance of addressing both phenomena holistically to create a safe and inclusive school environment. Strategies to mitigate the impact of hoax news on bullying include education and awareness campaigns, strengthening school policies, fostering collaboration with parents, and implementing disciplinary measures. Teachers play a crucial role in educating students about critical thinking and empathy, recognizing signs of bullying, and mediating conflicts. By adopting a proactive and collaborative approach, schools can effectively address the challenges posed by hoax news and bullying, fostering a positive learning environment for all students.

This article addresses the pastoral problem of congregants who experience persistent feelings of worthlessness, a condition that often appears at the intersection of shame, fragile self-worth, social isolation, and distorted religious interpretation. The objective is to construct a Christian pastoral counseling framework that is biblically grounded, psychologically informed, and ecclesially accountable. This study uses a qualitative constructive literature design through critical synthesis of recent journal articles and classical pastoral counseling. The analysis identifies four main findings. First, worthlessness should not be reduced to moral weakness or lack of faith because it involves psychological, relational, and spiritual dynamics. Second, churches may either intensify shame through stigma and spiritual reductionism or become restorative communities through hospitality, lament, and safe accompaniment. Third, pastoral counseling requires a movement from empathic assessment, validation, and narrative clarification toward theological reframing of identity in Christ. Fourth, responsible pastoral care includes collaboration with mental health professionals when risk, trauma, or clinical symptoms exceed pastoral competence. The implication is a constructive model in which pastoral counseling helps congregants reinterpret self-worth through grace, embodied community, and disciplined referral rather than through advice-giving or doctrinal correction alone.

Bullying is a form of violence that occurs in teenagers. Bullying is a form of violent behavior with the power to hurt a person or group verbally, physically or psychologically. The impact that victims of bullying have is having various mental problems and physical health complaints. Therefore, social support from the family is really needed by victims of bullying. This research is a qualitative study which aims to obtain an overview of family social support for adolescent victims of bullying so that they can restore their social functioning and regain trust. himself so that he can carry out his role in society as usual. The data source selection technique used in this research uses Qualitative methods using verbal data obtained by researchers can reveal information in more depth. So, researchers can describe the psychological dynamics of victims of bullying behavior among teenagers at school. Where the approach cannot be expressed by numbers or quantitatively.  The research results show that social support has an important role in protecting victims of bullying from psychological and physical illnesses. However, support from the family has several inhibiting factors, including rejection and withdrawal from the victim. Apart from that, family busyness, indifference or ignorance are also factors inhibitor.

In higher education settings, undergraduates also face complex dynamics that include academic pressures, social changes, and personal development demands which can negatively impact aspects of psychological well-being in students. Various elements can affect a person's psychological well-being, including culture, age, gender, and the way a person interprets experiences in their life. This study aims to determine the effect of optimism and problem-solving skills on psychological well-being in college students. This research is correlational quantitative research. The subjects in this study amounted to 135 students. The sampling technique used is random sampling. The results showed that the F value was 152.525 with a significant value of p = 0.000 where (p <0.05) which means that there is a significant effect of optimism and problem-solving ability on psychological well-being, so Ha is accepted and the R2 coefficient value (R Square) of 0.835 or (84%) which this value shows the influence of optimism and problem-solving ability on psychological well-being by 84% while the remaining 16% is influenced by other variables not examined. This study concludes that optimism and problem-solving ability affect psychological well-being positively and significantly, which means that the more optimism and problem-solving ability increase, the more psychological well-being levels will increase