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Elderly is someone who has reached the age of 60 years and above, the menu is not a disease, but a continuous process that results in cumulative changes, is a process of decreasing the body's resistance in dealing with stimuli from within and outside the body. This study aims to systematically review and analyze various scientific literature related to the effect of nutritional intake on the nutritional status of the elderly, as well as the role of the family in meeting the nutritional needs of the elderly. The effects of malnutrition are also evident in social institutions such as nursing homes, where suboptimal nutritional management can improve malnutrition conditions. In other words, malnutrition has a negative impact on the biological, psychological, and social aspects of the elderly. Therefore, a holistic and integrated approach is needed to overcome this problem, including through educational interventions for families, psychological assistance, strict nutritional supervision, and support from a sustainable health service system.

Stunting was growth failure in children caused by chronic malnutrition or infectious disease, resulting in impaired physical and cognitive growth. This community service suggests using Moringa oleifera leaves to prevent stunting by making pudding. Moringa leaves are famous for their high nutritional value, containing vitamins A, C, and E and minerals such as calcium, iron, and protein. This community service program aims to increase the skills and knowledge of the community, especially pregnant women, in making Moringa leaf pudding and the importance of improving nutrition in pregnant women. The method used was descriptive, lecture, discussion and direct practice in making Moringa leaf pudding with village midwives, pregnant women at the posyandu in Loram Wetan Kudus village. The results of this community service activity can be seen from the increase in participants' knowledge and ability to make Moringa leaf pudding correctly according to the instructions that have been given previously. This community service activity concludes that participants can make Moringa leaf pudding independently and increase pregnant women's knowledge about the benefits of Moringa leaves, which are rich in nutrients and can be used to improve nutritional status to reduce the incidence of stunting.

Based on the findings of the Indonesian Nutritional Status Study Survey (SSGI), the growth rate of stunting in toddlers in East Java reached 19.2%. The prevalence of stunting in Wedoroanom Village is included in the highest category in Driyorejo District, Gresik Regency, reaching 36%. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of stunting, growth of gross motor skills, fine motor skills, and cognitive abilities, and to determine the relationship between these factors and the development of these skills in toddlers in Wedoroanom Village, Driyorejo District, Gresik Regency. This study used a cross-sectional technique and was quantitative. The sample consisted of 110 children aged between 12 and 60 months who were selected through a convenience sampling approach. Anthropometric measurements, interviews, and observations were used to obtain data. The chi-square test and odds ratio were used in data analysis to determine the relationship between variables. The study findings showed that the incidence of stunting and gross motor development were not related. However, there was a relationship between the incidence of stunting and cognitive and fine motor development. Chronic malnutrition, maternal education, maternal occupation, and history of exclusive breastfeeding are some of the factors that can cause developmental disorders in children. The findings of this study indicate that the incidence of stunting in Wedoroanom Village, Driyorejo District, Gresik Regency, is related to fine motor and cognitive development but not related to the development of gross motor functions.

Stunting remains one of the major nutritional problems in Indonesia. According to the 2024 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI), the prevalence of stunting in Papua Province reached 16.8%. A child’s nutritional status is strongly influenced by dietary intake, particularly protein, which plays a crucial role in growth. One potential source of animal protein is Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta), a type of fish commonly found in Papua. Indian mackerel is rich in protein and omega-3 fatty acids but is highly perishable, limiting its shelf life. To address this issue, the fish is processed into flour. Additionally, green spinach is used as a source of fiber and minerals, although it is also prone to spoilage. The spinach is processed by extracting its juice, which is then incorporated into noodle products. Dried noodles were chosen as a medium for fortification because they are widely consumed across age groups and often used as a substitute for rice.This study aimed to determine the effect of adding Indian mackerel flour and green spinach extract on the chemical properties and sensory acceptance of dried noodles. The research methods included nutritional content analysis and organoleptic testing. The sensory evaluation was conducted by 25 semi-trained panelists who were nutrition science students

Anemia in pregnant women is one of the contributing factors to stunting in toddlers. The consumption of iron (Fe) tablets by pregnant women requires supervision from family members to support the success of the stunting reduction program in Bangli Regency. Iron tablet intervention in pregnant women has been proven to reduce the risk of complications, lower the incidence of low birth weight in infants, and decrease maternal mortality during childbirth. This study used a cross-sectional survey design, involving 48 pregnant women. Data collection was conducted using total sampling during the period from January 2024 to January 2025 at Kintamani IV Public Health Center. Bivariate data analysis was carried out using the chi-square test. The results of the study showed that 68% of pregnant women experienced mild anemia. Most pregnancies were in the third trimester (39%), and 43% of the participants were in their first pregnancy. The majority of the pregnant women had good knowledge levels. There was a significant relationship between pregnant women’s knowledge and their adherence to consuming iron tablets, with a p-value of 0.019. The odds ratio (OR = 5.014) indicated that pregnant women with good knowledge were five times more likely to adhere to iron tablet consumption compared to those with limited knowledge. Support and monitoring of the nutritional status of pregnant women are essential to reduce the incidence of low birth weight and stunting among toddlers in Selulung Village, Kintamani District.  

Pregnant women with poor nutritional status or Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) are at risk of health complications for both the mother and fetus, such as low birth weight (LBW). This study aimed to determine the relationship between pregnant women with CED and the incidence of LBW at RSUD Sultan Muhammad Jamaludin I. The study used a descriptive correlational design with a retrospective approach using secondary data from medical records. The population consisted of 330 respondents, selected by total sampling technique. Univariate and bivariate analyses (Chi-square test) were performed. Most respondents were under 35 years old (66.4%), primigravida (62.0%), in their third trimester (100%), and had tertiary education (54.2%). Most did not have LBW infants (91.8%), and most were not diagnosed with CED (24.1%). Chi-square analysis showed a significant correlation (p=0.001) with an Odds Ratio of 11.566, indicating that CED significantly influences the likelihood of LBW.

Adolescent girls are susceptible to nutritional and psychological problems due to changes during puberty. Selective eating behavior and negative body image perceptions may affect nutritional intake, potentially leading to eating disorders and mental health issues. This study aimed to examine the relationship between food selectivity and body image with nutritional status in adolescent girls. A quantitative, cross-sectional design was used, involving 89 purposively sampled female adolescents aged 15–19 years from a population of 790. Anthropometric measurements were conducted using a microtoise and a digital scale, and data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results showed that 17.5% of participants were undernourished. There was no significant association between food selectivity and nutritional status (p = 0.454), but a significant association was found between negative body image and abnormal nutritional status (p = 0.001). In conclusion, body image is significantly associated with nutritional status, whereas food selectivity is not, among adolescent girls at SMA Negeri 2 Palu.  

One of the nutritional problems that occur in children under five is stunting, also known as chronic nutritional problems due to insufficient fulfillment for long periods of time. A child under five is considered to have stunted nutritional status if his height is less than minus two median standard deviations of the World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards. Stunting is caused by direct causes, namely nutritional intake, infectious diseases, exclusive breastfeeding, indirect causes, namely sanitation, education, parental knowledge, income, number of family members, resources, technology, and the environment. This study aims to determine the factors that affect the incidence of stunting. This study aims to determine the factors that affect the incidence of stunting. This type of research is observational research analytic case control approach. The research samples were 49 stunted children (case Group) and 49 children without stunting (control group) in the working area of Bukit Gadeng Public Health Center, Bahagia District, South Aceh Regency, Aceh province. The Data were analyzed by performing Chi-square analysis test and the value of (OR) Odds ratio. The results showed a significant value of maternal knowledge (p-value=0.00); (OR=72.45), environmental sanitation hygiene (p-value=0.001); (OR= 2.14), history of exclusive breastfeeding (p-value=0.00); (OR= 19.37), history of infectious diseases (p-value=0.064); (OR= 3.45). Conclusion maternal knowledge, environmental sanitation hygiene, and history of exclusive breastfeeding affect the incidence of stunting and infectious disease history does not affect the incidence of stunting in the Bukit Gadeng Public Health Center, Bahagia District, and South Aceh Regency. Knowledge, sanitation hygiene, and Exclusive, breastfeeding, affect the incidence of stunting and infectious disease does not affect the incidence of stunting in the Bukit Gadeng Public Health Center, Bahagia District, and South Aceh Regency.

Malnutrition significantly disrupts metabolic processes like fasting blood glucose (FBG) regulation, insulin secretion, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), especially among the elderly. Aging amplifies these effects through declining β-cell function, reduced insulin sensitivity, and chronic inflammation, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Globally, malnutrition affects 22% of the elderly, with prevalence reaching 28% in Indonesia due to food insecurity, limited healthcare access, and poor nutrition education. Malnutrition exacerbates glucose-insulin imbalances by causing muscle loss, increasing FBG levels, and inducing insulin resistance through chronic inflammation. Despite its impact, critical knowledge gaps remain, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Indonesia. This study investigates how malnutrition affects FBG, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR in elderly individuals, focusing on mechanisms like inflammation and muscle loss to inform targeted interventions and improve metabolic health in resource-limited settings. This cross-sectional study evaluated fasting blood glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR among 31 elderly participants at Panti Werdha Santa Anna. The study found no significant differences in fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, or HbA1c levels across Mini Nutritional Assessment categories (normal, at risk, malnourished; p > 0.05). These results suggest no strong association between nutritional status and metabolic parameters, highlighting the need for further research with larger samples. This study finds no significant association between nutritional status and glycemic control in the elderly, suggesting malnutrition's indirect impact via mechanisms like inflammation and muscle loss. Comprehensive nutritional assessments remain essential to understanding its effects on metabolic health.

One of the leading factors contributing to neonatal mortality is low birth weight (LBW), which is often associated with maternal conditions such as Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED). Cases of CED remain relatively common in the operational area of Puskesmas Turi. In 2022, East Java reported an LBW prevalence of 3.96%, which is 0.66% higher than the national average. The coverage of antenatal care (ANC) visits shows a declining trend: 100.8% for the first visit (K1), 94% for the fourth visit (K4), and only 83.1% for the sixth visit (K6), indicating irregular adherence to ANC schedules among pregnant women.This study aims to evaluate the relationship between infant birth weight and maternal weight gain during pregnancy, as well as the level of ANC compliance in the Puskesmas Turi area. The study design employed a cross-sectional approach with a multistage random sampling technique involving 84 mothers. Data were collected through direct interviews and documentation from the maternal and child health (KIA) book. Data analysis was conducted using the chi-square test and Fisher exact test. The results revealed a significant association between maternal weight gain and infant birth weight (p = 0.000), as well as between ANC compliance and infant birth weight (p = 0.002). The role of health cadres is crucial in improving ANC adherence and the nutritional status of pregnant women.

Undernutrition is a severe nutritional deficiency condition caused by inadequate daily intake of energy and protein, which occurs over a considerable period of time. Malnutrition generally affects children under five years old and is influenced by various factors. According to the National Basic Health Research Report (Riskesdas) in 2018, the national proportion of children aged 6–24 months with undernutrition and severe malnutrition was recorded at 17.7%. This study is a case report of a 23-month-old boy living in a village in 2025. The case was observed over a three-week period using a home visit approach. The diagnosis of undernutrition was established based on national guidelines, specifically the Regulation of the Indonesian Minister of Health No. 2 of 2020 concerning child anthropometric standards. Anthropometric measurements showed the child had a height of 81 cm and a weight of 8.12 kg. The child’s nutritional status was classified as underweight based on the Weight-for-Age (W/A) Z-score. Following diagnosis, the patient received nutritional education, supplementary food, appetite-stimulating vitamins, and growth monitoring. The study concluded that several determinants contributed to the underweight condition in this 23-month-old patient, including behavioral factors, incomplete immunization, and recurrent infections.

Frailty is a common syndrome in older adults, marked by declining physiological reserves and increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. It impacts quality of life and links to higher morbidity, mortality, and healthcare needs. Identifying frailty markers early helps prevent or delay its onset. In Indonesia, frailty affects 10–20% of the elderly, with higher rates in rural areas and those over 75, driven by poor nutrition, chronic diseases, and limited healthcare access. This study explores these factors and their relationship with frailty in elderly residents of Bina Bhakti Elderly Home. This cross-sectional study analyzed anthropometric measurement, uric acid, vitamin D, albumin, and diabetes mellitus with frailty in 42 elderly residents, excluding those with cognitive impairments, acute illnesses, or psychiatric disorders. The analysis identified fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and albumin as significant predictors of frailty, highlighting the importance of glucose regulation and nutritional status in frailty risk among the studied population. Fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and albumin emerged as key predictors of frailty, highlighting the roles of glycemic control and nutritional health in reducing frailty risk. Lower fasting blood glucose and higher albumin levels were protective, while higher HbA1c increased vulnerability. Targeted interventions in these areas may effectively mitigate frailty risk.

Nutrition is very important in human development and growth. The 2021 edition of UNICEF-WHO-WORLD BANK states that 148.2 million children aged 0-5 years worldwide are stunted, 38.9 million are overweight, and 45.4 million are severely wasted. Nutritional problems often occur at the age of 6-24 months due to inadequate nutrition because of lack of mother's knowledge, therefore it is necessary to carry out interventions to increase mother's knowledge regarding balanced nutrition of children under two. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health promotion media on changes in the nutritional status of children under two years in Paloh Punti Village, Muara Satu District, Lhokseumawe. This research method used quasi-experimental quantitative research with a one group pretest-posttest design and involved 51 children under two years. The data collection technique used was purposive random sampling. The data collected is primary data in the form of body weight which is limited to nutritional status based on body weight/age. The results showed that the nutritional status of children under two years was 92.1% in the good nutritional status category after the intervention. The change in nutritional status from malnutrition to normal nutrition from the results of the prostest compared to the pretest was 27.4%. The use of health promotion media has an effect on malnutrition status based on the Wilcoxon test with a p-value of 0.029. The conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of health promotion media on the nutritional status of children under two years in Paloh Punti Village, Muara Satu District, Lhokseumawe.

Feeding patterns are the efforts and ways of mothers in providing nutritional intake to toddlers so that the nutritional intake needs of toddlers are well met. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between feeding patterns with energy intake and macronutrients for toddlers aged 25-59 months in Karangasri Village, Ngawi Regency and the relationship between feeding patterns, energy intake and macronutrients with the nutritional status of toddlers aged 25-59 months in Karangasri Village, Ngawi Regency. The method in this study is a correlational quantitative study with a cross sectional approach. The sample of this study amounted to 80 respondents who were taken with convenience sampling technique. Data collection used Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) for feeding pattern, SQ-FFQ Form for energy and macronutrient intake, weight and height measurement for nutritional status. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square and Rank Spearman tests. The results showed that there was a relationship between feeding patterns (p<0.05) with energy intake and macronutrients of toddlers and there was a relationship between feeding patterns (p=0.000), energy intake (p=0.001), carbohydrates (p=0.000), protein (p=0.002), and fat (p=0.001) with the nutritional status of toddlers. Mothers or guardians of toddlers are expected to maintain proper feeding patterns for toddlers and pay attention to toddler food intake by providing nutritious and balanced foods that suits the needs of toddlers. 

Stunting is a condition of growth failure in toddlers due to chronic malnutrition that occurs over a long period of time, especially in the first 1,000 days of life. Several major risk factors for stunting that are often found in Posyandu include the nutritional status of pregnant women, parenting patterns, exclusive breastfeeding, and environmental sanitation. To analyze the Identification of Risk Factors for Stunting in Toddlers: A Study in the Working Area of ​​the Aek Godang Health Center, North Padang Lawas. The type of observational study with a cross-sectional design, the study population was 139 people. This study used samples from all mothers who had stunted toddlers in Hulu Sihapas District, North Padang Lawas Regency, with the total sampling method. Data collection used a research questionnaire. Data were analyzed univariately, bivariate (chi-square), and multivariate (logistic regression) with the enter method. Newborn weight (p = 0.001) and healthy toilets (p = 0.001) significantly influenced the risk of stunting, with low birth weight and poor sanitation increasing the risk of growth disorders in toddlers. This study shows that newborn weight (p = 0.001) and healthy toilets (p = 0.001) have a significant effect on the risk of stunting in toddlers. Babies with low birth weight and environments with poor sanitation increase the likelihood of stunting. More attention is needed to monitor newborn weight and increase access to healthy latrines to reduce the prevalence of stunting. The government and health workers are expected to strengthen nutrition and sanitation programs at the community level. 

Kwashiorkor is a form of protein energy malnutrition (MEP). Malnourished toddlers have short and long term effects, in the form of impaired growth and development, including impaired cognitive function, morbidity, risk of degenerative diseases in later life and death. The male patient aged 1 year and 2 months was brought by his parents to the emergency room of Cut Meutia Hospital on Tuesday, June 4, 2024 at 20:07 WIB with complaints of swelling on both backs of legs and hands and face. On the antopometric examination on the first day of treatment, the patient's nutritional status was found to be poor. Patients are given malnutrition management which is divided into 3 phases, namely stabilization, transition and rehabilitation.   Kata kunci: Antropometri, Kwashiorkor, Malnutrisi Energi Protein

Background: Maternal nutritional status plays a crucial role in determining both maternal and neonatal health outcomes. According to data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health (2021), the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women reached 48.9%, while in Gorontalo Province, around 30% experienced malnutrition. Poor nutritional status during pregnancy is associated with increased risks of complications, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and higher maternal and neonatal mortality rates. Therefore, nutrition education is considered an essential strategy to enhance knowledge and promote adequate dietary intake among pregnant women.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition education in improving the knowledge and nutritional status of pregnant women at the South Bulango Community Health Center. Methods: A quantitative study with a pre-experimental design was conducted involving 30 pregnant women selected through purposive sampling. Inclusion criteria included women aged 18–35 years, free from severe comorbidities, and willing to participate. Data were collected using questionnaires to assess nutritional knowledge, interviews to explore dietary patterns, and anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Data analysis employed descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon test to assess differences before and after the intervention. Results: Most participants were aged 20–35 years (66.6%), had secondary education (63.3%), and were housewives (60%). Post-intervention results showed a substantial increase in good nutritional knowledge from 13.3% to 60%. Nutritional status also improved progressively across trimesters, with normal MUAC increasing from 33.3% to 60%, while undernutrition declined from 50% to 13.3%. The Wilcoxon test indicated a significant difference (p = 0.000; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Nutrition education effectively enhances both knowledge and nutritional status among pregnant women and should be integrated into routine antenatal care services.

Complementary Foods for Breast Milk (MP-ASI) are additional intake given to babies aged 6–24 months to meet nutritional needs other than breast milk. Giving MP-ASI that is not in accordance with the baby's age or condition can have a negative impact on the nutritional status and digestive system of the child. This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal behavior—which includes knowledge, attitudes, and actions—and the administration of MP-ASI in infants aged 6–24 months at the Bies Health Center, Central Aceh Regency, in 2022. The design of this study was quantitative with a cross-sectional approach, involving 35 respondents who were selected purposively. The results of the univariate analysis showed that most mothers had good knowledge (45.7%), positive attitudes (74.3%), and good actions (45.7%) in giving MP-ASI. Meanwhile, the provision of MP-ASI is also mostly in the good category (48.6%). The results of bivariate analysis with the chi-square test showed a significant relationship between knowledge (p=0.007), attitude (p=0.003), and maternal actions (p=0.001) with MP-ASI. In conclusion, maternal behavior has a significant relationship with MP-ASI feeding practices. Therefore, improving nutrition education and counseling is very important to encourage optimal maternal behavior in fulfilling child nutrition.

Stunting is a global concern, impacting the quality of human resources.Purpose of Analysis of Factors Related to Stunting in Toddlers in Bangun Rejo Village, Tanjung Morawa. This study used a cross-sectional study design analytical method. The population of this study is 35 stunted toddlers in the February-March 2025 period. 16 respondents with moderate knowledge, the majority of toddlers were stunted with short height (75%), while the other 25% were very short. The results of the statistical test showed a P-Value of 0.000 (P < 0.05), 22 secondary education respondents, most of them toddlers experienced stunting, short height (72.7%), while the other 27.3% were very short. showed a P-Value of 0.003 (P < 0.05), 20 low-income respondents, 60% of toddlers experienced stunting very short height, while 40% were short. showed a P-Value of 0.015 (P < 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between income and stunting in toddlers, 24 respondents had undernourished status, 54.2% of toddlers experienced stunting, very short height, while 45.8% were short. showed a P-Value of 0.006 (P < 0.05), there was a significant relationship between nutritional status and stunting in toddlers. Knowledge, education, income, nutritional status are risk factors for stunting in toddlers.Increasing knowledge of child growth is very important to understand the factors that affect stunting and effective prevention strategies.

The prevalence of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in the Riau Islands is a concerning public health issue, with 18.7% of non-pregnant women reported to be affected. In Batam City specifically, 95 cases of undernutrition were recorded in 2024. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between food intake and the nutritional status of women of reproductive age experiencing CED. A descriptive correlational research design with a cross-sectional approach was employed. The study used total sampling, involving 31 women from the Batu Aji KUA in Batam. Data on food intake were collected and compared to recommended dietary standards. The findings indicated that a majority of women had food intake levels below the recommended daily allowance. Despite this, not all of the participants were found to be suffering from CED. Statistical analysis using the Chi-square test revealed a significant association between food intake and nutritional status (p = 0.025, where α = 0.05), suggesting that food intake plays an influential role in determining nutritional outcomes. Furthermore, women whose food intake was lower than the recommended levels were found to have a 0.611 times greater risk of experiencing chronic energy deficiency. These findings emphasize the crucial role of adequate energy and nutrient intake, especially among women of reproductive age, in preventing CED and improving overall health. Improving food consumption patterns in this demographic is essential not only for individual well-being but also as a preventive measure to reduce the risk of stunting in future generations. The study underscores the need for targeted educational interventions to increase awareness about proper nutrition and energy intake among women, particularly those in reproductive age, as a strategy to address undernutrition and its broader public health consequences.