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This study examines the development of Christological understanding in various cultural, historical and social contexts. Christology, as the study of the person and work of Jesus Christ, is central to the Christian faith and influences mission and religious practice. This study analyzes the basic understanding of Christology, its relationship to mission, its role in cultural contexts, and its development from the first Christian generation to contemporary life. Christological challenges identified include the tension between Jesus' humanity and divinity, and the contextualization of Christ's teachings in a pluralistic society. The findings show that a comprehensive christological understanding can bridge cultural differences and enrich interfaith dialog. The study also underscores the importance of applying Christological principles in daily life to create positive social impact and strengthen mission commitments.

This study aims to examine the contribution of Islamic education management in enhancing organizational effectiveness through the application of sharia-based values. Using a qualitative approach and content analysis method, this research explores the benefits, challenges, and implementation strategies of Islamic educational management through a systematic literature review. The findings indicate that Islamic education management plays a key role in efficiently managing educational resources, grounded in the Qur’an, the Sunnah, and national regulations. Core principles such as efficiency, ethics, and da'wah mission are essential in its practice. Furthermore, this management contributes to strengthening the social and spiritual capital of educational institutions. These results are expected to provide both theoretical and practical contributions to the development of Islamic education institutions that are relevant and adaptable to current dynamics.

This scientific paper examines various types of contracts and products in Islamic banking based on the principles of Islamic law. Islamic banks have a mission not only as financial intermediary institutions, but also as drivers of the values ​​of social justice, transparency, and blessings. This study aims to examine the implementation of Islamic contracts such as mudharabah, musyarakah, murabahah, ijarah, wakalah, and product development based on the principles of tabarru' and tijarah. The methods used are literature studies and descriptive analysis of DSN-MUI fatwas, OJK regulations, and empirical practices of Islamic banking in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that although the implementation of contracts has referred to Islamic principles, there are still legal challenges, such as dualism of the legal system, disharmony of fatwas, and limited human resources. Therefore, synchronization of regulations and strengthening of Islamic literacy are needed to ensure sustainable Islamic compliance.

Organizational culture is a collection of values, rules, and beliefs held by members of an organization, influencing the way they think and act in achieving goals. This study aims to describe the basic concepts, roles, impacts, and challenges in implementing organizational culture in educational institutions. The type of research is a literature study. Data were collected from accredited national books and journals using Google Scholar and PoP, with an analysis of 15 articles filtered into 5 main articles. The results of this study (1) Organizational culture in educational institutions contributes to creating a conducive work environment, increasing the professionalism of educators, and strengthening work discipline, (2) A strong culture can improve performance, collaboration, and adaptability, while a culture that is not in line with the vision and mission can cause disorientation and (3) Challenges in implementing organizational culture include resistance to change, understanding organizational values, differences in understanding between members and technological adaptability.

The Surabaya Mengajar Batch 7 Program aims to study the profile of SD Negeri Manukan Kulon VI, the vision and mission implemented, the organizational structure and work procedures of the school, the culture and values ​​adopted, the activities of general and special teachers, the student learning process, and formal ceremonial activities. The Surabaya Mengajar Batch 7 Program will run from February to June 2025. The purpose of this program is to provide teaching experience, broaden horizons, training and development of skills, independence, responsibility, and the ability to develop professionalism in the field of teaching or education. The program will also provide opportunities for students to apply their own discoveries. At SD Negeri Manukan Kulon VI, the Surabaya Mengajar Batch 7 Program runs from September 10 to June 2, 2024. To start the Surabaya Mengajar Program work program, observations were carried out both physically and non-physically to see how the school looks as a whole, including facilities, infrastructure, teaching materials, and other learning equipment. Based on the results of the observations, a schedule was made for the preparation and implementation of the Surabaya Mengajar Program. With the Surabaya Mengajar Program at SD Negeri Manukan Kulon VI, students can improve their teaching skills, implement activity programs that aim to optimize the potential in schools, provide opportunities for students to learn and recognize problems in schools related to the learning process and school administration, and exchange knowledge, skills, and attitude values ​​that have been learned in real life at school.

This study examines PERHUMAS's strategies in managing its reputation as a leading organization in public relations, amidst the dynamics brought by the emergence of the IPRA and PR Indonesia. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the research relies on in-depth interviews and observations involving relevant informants. In the identification and planning phase, PERHUMAS utilizes social media, media monitoring, and media listening while collaborating with other parties. Their strategies are based on the organization's vision, mission, values, and code of ethics. Daily activities include routine monitoring, while long-term efforts position PERHUMAS as a benchmark for public relations practices and an educator for PR professionals. The action and communication phase involves programs such as national and international forums, accreditation, competency development, and positive image-building campaigns. PERHUMAS prioritizes transparent, structured, and sustainable communication. In the evaluation phase, the focus is on impact and feedback using the AMEC Integrated Evaluation Framework and Customer Satisfaction Index surveys. These results assist in measuring success and refining reputation management strategies.

This study aims to determine the pedagogical competence of teachers in class VII MTs Muhammadiyah Al Fatah Nangahale and to determine student learning motivation in class VII MTs Muhammadiyah Al Fatah Nangahale. By using descriptive qualitative. Primary data from this study came from subject teachers, head of Madrasah, students. Meanwhile, secondary data using supporting documents of this research are learning tools, profiles, vision and mission. The data collection techniques used are interviews, observation and documentation. To analyse the data, researchers carried out activities in data analysis, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.The results of this study indicate that pedagogic competence in the category is quite good, namely the competence of mastering the characteristics of students and curriculum development competencies, communication competencies with students while pedagogic competence in the category is lacking, namely the competence of mastering learning theory and the principles of educational learning, the competence of educational learning activities, the competence of developing the potential of students, as well as the competence of assessment and evaluation and student learning motivation at MTs Muhammadiyah Al Fatah Nnagahale can be said to be still low.

Political culture plays an important role in determining the dynamics of general elections, especially in the context of Regional Head Elections (Pilkada) in Indonesia. This research focuses on Ciwaringin Village in Ciwaringin District, Cirebon Regency, which shows low community political participation due to a parochial political culture. People in this village tend to be inactive in the election process, are influenced by the practice of money politics, and choose based on personal closeness and material lures, without understanding the vision and mission of potential leaders. This research uses a qualitative approach with literature study and interview methods to explore the factors that influence political participation, including social, economic, and educational aspects and the use of information media. Findings show that low political literacy and indifference to political issues result in apathy toward elections. Therefore, educational efforts and increasing political awareness are needed to encourage active community participation in the democratic process. It is hoped that this research can contribute to understanding political culture and community participation in Ciwaringin village and promote improvements in implementing the upcoming regional elections.

This study examines the role of the church in dealing with political dynamics in Indonesia, especially in the context of colonial and post-independence history. Indonesia is a country with historical and cultural uniqueness, including in terms of religious diversity that grew amidst the dominance of colonial powers. Although Islam developed rapidly under the Christian Dutch colonialism, the spread of Christianity continued significantly, especially through Portuguese Catholic missions and non-Dutch Protestant mission organizations. The role of the church in Indonesian history shows the tension between political authority and the autonomy of religious institutions, where the church often fell victim to colonial political control but survived and developed through social, educational, and public service roles. This study highlights how the church continues to have relevance and influence in the context of modern nationality and politics, despite facing historical and structural challenges. Through a historical-critical approach, this study seeks to uncover the dynamics of the church's role in the trajectory of Indonesian politics and its contribution to building a just and plural society.

This project aims to implement the AIDA and StoryBrand models in writing the script for the Educourse company profile video, with the aim of increasing the effectiveness of business communication. This project uses a practice-based approach by compiling a structured script through the integration of the AIDA (Attention, Interest, Desire, Action) model to create a persuasive message and the StoryBrand framework to strengthen narrative coherence. The writing process includes identifying core messages, compiling an outline, and creating a final draft based on the principles of strategic communication and storytelling. The result of this project is a final script ready for production, containing the latest information about the company, user testimonials, and visual directions optimized for the YouTube digital platform. The application of both models allows for clearer, more engaging messages that are in line with Educourse's mission and audience. This project emphasizes the importance of implementing a structured communication model in media production and can be a reference in writing scripts that focus on branding strategies in the future. In addition, this project also contributes to the development of academic discourse in the field of digital content writing through the application of relevant theoretical approaches.

Women continue to be victims of domestic violence, sexual harassment, and other forms of gender-based violence in various places. This research aims to deeply understand the synodality of the Church in shaping the congregation's understanding of gender. The meaning of synodality is closely related to the mission or service of the Church, which also involves women, thus requiring principles to further shape the understanding of gender from the perspective of Mulieris Dignitatem. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method where the tools used for data collection are observation and interviews. The research results show that the community's understanding of gender is still limited to the equality of men and women. Understanding how to honor women as partners in God's creation and act like God in holiness has not yet been fully realized in real life. All congregants must comprehend gender understanding in the Church to prevent discrimination that can cause women to feel marginalized and perceive themselves as a weak, small, alienated, and useless group. However, on the contrary, women must always be taken into account, especially their role in responding to God's work of salvation. Synodality becomes a bridge to understanding gender and a key to further understanding gender in the perspective of Mulieris Dignitatem.

This study explores the challenges of evangelism in the modern era, particularly in reaching groups that are apathetic towards the gospel. Using 1 Corinthians 9:19-27 as its foundation, which highlights the importance of flexibility in evangelistic approaches to reach people from various backgrounds, this research applies the Apostle Paul’s concept of adaptability to contemporary evangelism among apathetic groups. Specifically, it examines how biblically-based adaptive strategies can be utilized by churches and individual Christians in their evangelistic mission. The primary aim of this study is to analyze the application of the principle of flexibility in 1 Corinthians 9:19-27 for apathetic groups and to assess how this principle can enhance the effectiveness of evangelism in today’s context. Through this research, it is hoped that new, more relevant approaches for ministry in a diverse society will be identified. This study employs a qualitative method, using biblical text analysis and systematic theological reflection. Findings indicate that applying the principle of flexibility in evangelism is not only effective in addressing apathy, but also allows evangelists to build more personal and empathetic relationships with those they seek to reach. In Paul’s sense, flexibility involves adapting without compromising gospel truth, offering a pertinent strategy for meeting the challenges of evangelizing to apathetic individuals.

Evaluation of Islamic educational institutions is a systematic process to assess the extent to which Islamic educational institutions carry out their functions, achieve their goals, and meet the established quality standards, both in terms of managerial, administrative, and academic aspects. This evaluation not only functions as a performance measurement tool, but also as a means of reflection and continuous improvement in order to improve the quality of education based on Islamic values. The dimensions of institutional evaluation include various important aspects such as the vision and mission of the institution, curriculum, educators, students, community facilities and infrastructure, institutional management, and the relationship between the institution and. The main purpose of this evaluation is to ensure the quality of education, encourage public accountability, and ensure the relevance of the institution to the needs of the times and the demands of Islamic law. In its context, institutional evaluation is not only administrative and technocratic, but also transformative, namely serving to guide institutions in carrying out comprehensive structural and cultural improvements in order to be able to produce generations that excel spiritually, intellectually, and socially.

Catechists hold a crucial role in accompanying the faithful on their spiritual journey. This study aims to explore the dimensions of spirituality and the vocational dynamics of catechists within the pastoral context of the Catholic Church, employing a descriptive qualitative approach. Unlike previous studies that primarily emphasized the catechist as a doctrinal instructor, this research highlights the depth of the catechist's personal relationship with Christ as the foundation of their spirituality. The main findings reveal that catechist spirituality manifests in three key dimensions: (1) a contemplative and intimate relationship with Christ as a source of inspiration and strength, (2) a commitment to service that goes beyond institutional routines, and (3) active engagement within the faith community as a space for growth and mission. Furthermore, this study identifies that the awareness of the catechist’s vocation evolves through theological reflection on concrete pastoral experiences—an aspect often overlooked in prior research. These findings underscore the urgency of continuous formation programs that are not only pedagogical but also spiritual and contextual, in order to strengthen the identity and missionary resilience of catechists amid contemporary pastoral challenges.

This study aims to identify and analyze the challenges faced by schools in the Riau Archipelago in implementing their vision and mission. School vision and mission are crucial guidelines in the educational process, as they reflect the goals and direction that the educational institution seeks to achieve. However, the challenges in their implementation often affect the effectiveness of achieving those goals. This study focuses on local factors that may influence the implementation of school vision and mission in the Riau Archipelago, such as limited resources, infrastructure issues, and cultural and social barriers in the archipelago region. The methodology used in this study is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that, although the vision and mission of schools in the Riau Archipelago are clear and well-defined, the main challenges lie in the lack of adequate facilities and resources, as well as difficulties in reaching remote and isolated areas. Additionally, local cultural factors and public perceptions of education also affect effective implementation. This study suggests the need for improved access to educational resources, training for teachers and school principals, as well as the utilization of technology to overcome geographical and social barriers. Therefore, this study is expected to contribute to the improvement of the education system in the Riau Archipelago and other remote areas

Moral education in Indonesia today faces serious challenges, particularly as many educators place greater emphasis on conceptual aspects rather than real-life exemplification. In fact, moral education plays a central role in shaping students’ character, as taught in Islam and exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). This study aims to emphasize the importance of the teacher's role not only as a transmitter of knowledge but also as uswah hasanah (a good role model) for students. Through a literature review of the thoughts of figures such as Imam Al-Ghazali, Ki Hajar Dewantara, KH. Ahmad Dahlan, and the interpretation of Surah Ali-Imran verse 164, it is found that exemplification holds a strategic position in the process of character education. These figures stress the importance of integrating knowledge, attitudes, and behavior in moral education. The interpretation of the Qur'anic verse also shows that the Prophet's mission included not only conceptual teaching but also practical application through exemplary conduct. Therefore, the success of moral education depends heavily on the teacher’s ability to integrate cognitive, affective, and psychomotor approaches in a balanced manner. Real-life role modeling by teachers serves as an effective means of transmitting moral values to students in a holistic and sustainable way.

The rise of authoritarian leadership in higher education institutions has become a pressing global issue, affecting academic freedom, institutional autonomy, and the wellbeing of faculty and students. This phenomenon, observed not only in traditionally authoritarian countries but also in democratic contexts, manifests through centralized power, top-down decision-making, and suppression of critical voices. Despite its growing prevalence, empirical research on authoritarian leadership in academia remains limited, with significant gaps in understanding its contextual dynamics, direct impacts on academic communities, and cross-cultural variations. Recent studies have introduced novel theoretical frameworks tailored to academic settings and employed innovative mixed-method approaches to explore mediating factors such as emotional exhaustion and moderating personality traits. These advances have highlighted the complex and contextual nature of authoritarian leadership’s effects, which generally undermine innovation, morale, and performance, although it may increase compliance in specific situations. The negative consequences of authoritarian leadership are evident in reduced creativity and critical thinking, which are fundamental to the academic mission. Faculty members and students may experience heightened stress, diminished job satisfaction, and a decline in engagement. However, some studies suggest that in certain environments, authoritarian leadership can impose order and enhance efficiency in situations requiring immediate decisions. This paper underscores the urgent need for further research and practical interventions to promote adaptive, collaborative, and wellbeing-oriented leadership models in higher education. Such leadership approaches are essential to foster institutional resilience, democratic governance, and inclusive educational practices in an era of global uncertainty and disruption. By shifting towards more participatory leadership styles, higher education institutions can better address the evolving needs of faculty and students, ensuring a thriving academic environment that supports innovation, diversity of thought, and overall wellbeing.

This study aims to analyze the role of competitive human resources (HR) as a determinant of business success and development at the Sumber Berkat Abadi Maumere Cooperative. The method used was descriptive qualitative through interviews, observations, and document review. The results indicate that the implementation of competitive HR is carried out through development, training, performance management, and vision-mission-based strategies. The main factors supporting competitiveness are competence, education, motivation, discipline, innovation, communication, work ethic, work environment, and leadership. Indicators of success are evident in the expansion of branches to several regions and high public trust. Obstacles identified include the lack of a written performance appraisal system and limited technology-based training. This study concludes that competitive HR is the key to the cooperative's progress.

Pastoral ministry is a divine calling that demands faithfulness, vigilance, and wholehearted love in caring for God’s flock. However, in the reality of ministry, many church shepherds face complex and burdensome challenges in fulfilling this responsibility. A failure to understand and implement authority based on the character of Christ often becomes the root problem in pastoral ministry. This study aims to explore the dynamics of pastoral ministry in the context of today’s church, particularly in light of 1 Peter 5:1–4. The approach used is qualitative descriptive, based on a literature review, with a focus on relevant theological and pastoral works. The findings reveal that many pastors experience spiritual and emotional exhaustion, especially when their ministry lacks support from an adequate organizational structure, or when the congregation’s expectations are misaligned with the church’s mission. In this context, true shepherding—as explained by figures such as Bill Lawrence and Phil Pringle—must be rooted in Christ as the Head of the Church. A pastor is called to serve with humility, not to dominate or pursue personal interests. Furthermore, a deep understanding of the biblical metaphor concerning the relationship between shepherd and sheep is essential to avoid distortions in meaning and deviant ministry practices. An emphasis on love, responsibility, and exemplary conduct becomes the foundational framework for building an integrous pastoral ministry. This study concludes that pastoral ministry will be more effective when supported by clear church organizational policies, a deep theological foundation, and pure ministry motivations. Thus, pastoral ministry is not merely an administrative task, but a manifestation of God's love expressed through the lives of His servants.

The role of leaders in da'wah institutions is very strategic in improving the quality of human resources (HR) who are the driving force of da'wah activities. Leaders function not only as directors of the organization's vision and mission, but also as facilitators of competency development, motivators, and role models in the implementation of da'wah values. This study aims to analyze how leadership styles, HR development strategies, and coaching approaches contribute to increasing the capacity of members in da'wah institutions. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with interview techniques and documentation studies. The results showed that adaptive, communicative, and value-based leaders were able to encourage significant individual and collective capacity building. Effective strategies include regular training, mentoring, empowering individual potential, and creating a supportive organizational culture. Thus, the success of a da'wah institution in achieving its goals is highly dependent on the effectiveness of the leader's role in fostering and improving the quality of human resources.