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The research is concerned with analyzing and measuring the impact of exchange ratechanges and their repercussions on local investment in Iraq during the period (2004-2022), asthe relationship between them is affected by global economic conditions such as high or lowoil prices and demand for the exchange rate internationally, as the response of the investmentsectors in Iraq to changes in the exchange rate varies, as the decline in the exchange rateencourages investment in the export sector and proves investments in the import-dependentsector, unlike its rise, which negatively affects the local economy The authorities are workingto take some measures and procedures such as providing financial support and incentives tosupport projects and thus promote local investment, as well as the political and securityfluctuations in Iraq that affect investor confidence and investment decisions and thus affecteconomic stability, and the relationship between local investment in Iraq and exchange ratechanges is somewhat complicated as they are affected by each other, so the monetaryauthority and investors must understand this relationship and understand its strategies in away that enhances and supports the investment climate in the Iraqi economy, Domesticinvestment and the exchange rate significantly affect the economic relations described in theARDL model , so it is recommended to develop fiscal and monetary economic policies thatsupport domestic investments and improve exchange rate stability to achieve moresustainable economic results.

The cultural heritage buildings in Binjai City hold significant potential for cultural tourism, which can enhance the local economy and requires institutional support for development. Efforts to preserve cultural heritage while simultaneously improving the economic welfare of the community through tourism can be achieved through partnerships among involved stakeholders. Using a qualitative approach, this study analyzes the dynamics of partnerships between government, community members, business actors, academics, and the media in preserving and promoting the city’s cultural heritage. The findings indicate that multi-stakeholder partnerships are crucial for the successful development of cultural heritage tourism. Strong collaboration among various parties makes Binjai City's heritage sites attractive and sustainable tourism destinations. This research highlights the importance of cross-sector partnerships in cultural-based tourism development and provides policy recommendations for future development.

This article examines the management of marine tourism in Lanjukang Island, a tourist destination located in the Spermonde Islands, Makassar City, South Sulawesi, with a focus on the role of maritime diplomacy in increasing tourism potential while preserving marine resources. This research uses a qualitative approach with literature study methods and interviews with relevant parties, such as local governments and local communities. Lanjukang Island, with its beautiful underwater nature and beaches, faces challenges in the form of coral reef damage due to destructive fishing practices and coastal abrasion processes. Nevertheless, Lanjukang Island remains an attractive tourist destination for domestic and foreign tourists. The Makassar City Government plays an active role in promoting marine tourism through international collaboration, one of which is through the Makassar International Eight Festival and Forum (F8) event. Maritime diplomacy, which emphasizes international cooperation in marine resource management and tourism, plays a key role in facilitating sustainable tourism development on Lanjukang Island. The research found that while there is great potential in the marine tourism sector, more integrated and sustainable management is needed to support the local economy and the preservation of the marine environment. Collaboration between government, community and international partners is essential to achieve a balance between tourism development and nature conservation.

North Batu Rimpang Hamlet is known as a center for fresh fish trading; however, its utilization as a raw material for processed fish products remains low. This study aims to analyze the use of fish in improving the economy of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in North Batu Rimpang Hamlet through fish processing training. The method used is descriptive qualitative, including interviews, observations, and documentation involving SME actors. The results show that the training provided on processing fish into two types of products—fish nuggets and shredded fish—successfully increased the knowledge and skills of the SME participants. They reported higher incomes and better market access after attending the training. Moreover, more innovative and competitive processed fish products have begun to enter the market, demonstrating the program's success in supporting the local economy.

The Bangka Belitung Islands are known to be rich in tin resources so it cannot be denied that most of the people make their living from tin but are now shackled by the 271T corruption case. This study aims to evaluate how big the impact of entrepreneurship is on Bangka Island, especially Central Bangka Regency, after the rise in tin corruption cases which disrupted people's work, apart from that local fishermen were also affected by the existence of sea mines. Entrepreneurship plays an important role in building local economies and guiding a competitive future. This research aims to analyze how the Timah 271T Bangka Belitung corporation can increase its competitive capabilities through entrepreneurship that is oriented towards developing local resources and increasing community participation in the economic development process. This research applies a quantitative approach in its methodology and utilizes a questionnaire as a data collection tool. The population studied was MSME entrepreneurs in Central Bangka Regency, with a total of 39 respondents. The multiple regression analysis used, namely SPSS version 27 software, was used as a data analysis method. The test results show that the coefficient of determination is 0.288, which means that around 28.8% of the variation in the dependent variable can be seen in the independent variables studied. This value shows that the Local Economy and Competitiveness variables influence Entrepreneurship in MSMEs in Central Bangka by 28.8%. The t test results show that Local Economy (X1) has no influence on Entrepreneurship, while Competitiveness (X2) has a significant influence on MSME entrepreneurship in Central Bangka. The results of this research will contribute to the development of effective entrepreneurial strategies to increase the competitiveness of MSME entrepreneurs in Central Bangka and encourage local economic growth. 

Floating markets in Kalimantan have been an integral part of the traditional trading system in the region. Maritime activities play an important role in supporting the sustainability of these markets as they connect local traders to different regions in the archipelago through waterways. This article examines the dynamics of trade in floating markets, focusing on how changes in maritime activities can affect traditional trade structures and patterns. Modernization of sea transportation and competition from land-based markets have successfully affected the competitiveness of waterborne traders. Therefore, the article also discusses the challenges faced by traders, such as limited access to suitable maritime infrastructure and changing consumer preferences. The research suggests that while floating markets continue to play an important role in the local economy, pressures from globalization and changes in maritime governance may threaten their sustainability.

Bukit Batu Galugur is a hill tour located in Bina Bhakti village in Sematu Jaya district, Lamandau regency, Central Kalimantan. in addition to being a tourist spot in Bukit Batu Galugur, there are several places for children and adults to play and also some culinary that can be felt by the community and provide new opportunities for business tourism, hiking, green energy-friendly transportation. increase revenue to help the local economy become more independent, and strengthen local production. The approach used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method through a review of literature related to the development of local tourism village of Bukit Batu Galugur as part of Sustainable Tourism Development. The results of this study the usefulness that can be taken from the creation of sustainable tourism Bukit Batu Galugur are: sustainable tourism operations can help local communities by creating new business possibilities and improving the economy. The purpose of development is to promote the economic growth of the community while preserving and protecting the environment, especially renewable resources

This research discusses the economic potential and creativity of the community in Jatirejo Village, particularly through thematic approaches and Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises. (MSME). The village of Jatirejo is famous for its various themes, including the Thematic Village of Kolang-Kaling (KOKOLAKA) in RW 1, which has become the icon of the area. The KOKOLAKA Village has 11 businesses processing kolang-kaling, including candied treats, crackers, meatball tofu, and Nasi Guling, which is a signature cuisine of Jatirejo. In addition, Jatirejo Village also has the Chili Pepper Thematic Village (KAMBERA) in RW 2, the Red Ginger Thematic Village (KAJERA) in RW 3, and the Green Fresh Farm (GFF) in RW 4. This culinary diversity not only meets daily food needs but also becomes a product that can be exported to other regions. This research also emphasizes the importance of digital marketing strategies to enhance sales and the popularity of MSME products, as well as identifying the challenges they face. Thus, Jatirejo Village can be said to be one of the areas with strong economic potential and high creativity, with various thematic types and small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) that demonstrate the local community’s dedication to developing the local economy and improving the quality of life for its residents.

This study aims to measure the impact of Kajera Park development in Jatirejo Village as part of the KKN MB Posko 10 UIN Walisongo program on community welfare and sustainable development. The research method used interviews and participatory observation by KKN students. The results showed that Kajera Park successfully improved environmental quality and served as a center for inclusive socio-economic activities. The Kajera Thematic Village initiative also developed red ginger-based MSME products that significantly improved the local economy. Despite challenges in terms of funds and manpower, student and community collaboration has proven effective in promoting sustainable development. The Kajera Thematic Village model can be used as a reference for other community development programs in Indonesia.

This Independent Community Service Program (KKN) was implemented by students of the Muhammadiyah University of North Sumatra in Lingkungan XXIX, Rengas Pulau Village, Medan Marelan District. This activity focuses on empowering micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) through the application of batik cultural identity to leather bag crafts. Through this service, students help local craftsmen to combine batik motifs with leather bags in order to increase the aesthetic value and selling power of the product. The main objective of this activity is to increase public awareness of the importance of maintaining and preserving national cultural heritage, especially batik, as well as to provide education to craftsmen regarding the application of traditional techniques in leather bag production. This program consists of several activities, including training in making batik leather bags, socializing early savings in schools, and mutual cooperation activities to maintain environmental cleanliness. The results of this activity show an increase in the knowledge and skills of craftsmen in producing culturally valuable products, as well as increasing community participation in MSME activities. In addition, students also succeeded in motivating residents to be more active in protecting the environment and increasing awareness of the importance of health through integrated health service post activities. Thus, this KKN not only contributes to the development of the local economy, but also to the preservation of culture and improving community welfare.

This community service in Timbang Lawan Village aims to empower residents through training in planting chili seeds and making environmentally friendly dish soap. Implementation methods include needs identification, theoretical and practical training, as well as post-training evaluation and monitoring. This training is designed to help people reduce household expenses, both through planting chilies for their own consumption and making dish soap independently. Apart from that, this program also opens up new business opportunities by selling chili harvests and homemade soap at local markets, which can increase income, especially for teenagers and housewives. The results of the activity show that the community has succeeded in reducing expenses while creating independent businesses that have the potential to support the local economy in a sustainable manner.

This research aims to evaluate the use of organic waste as biowash by PKK members in the village and to find factors that support and hinder the implementation of the program. This research was conducted qualitatively with a descriptive case study approach. Data was collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and document study. Research shows that the success of the program is greatly influenced by the level of knowledge of PKK cadres regarding organic waste management. While limited tools and lack of community awareness are obstacles that need to be overcome, an effective training process and support from the village government are the main supporting factors. This research found that this program not only benefits the environment, but can also improve the local economy. The results also show that this program can be used as a model for other villages.

Processing used cooking oil into aroma candles is an innovation that provides a sustainable business solution for rural areas. Used cooking oil, usually considered household waste, can be converted into economically valuable products such as aroma candles. The process involves filtering, refining, mixing with ingredients such as stearin, colorants, and fragrances, and forming candles in various shapes and attractive scents. In addition to increasing the economic value of the village community, this business also reduces used cooking oil waste that can pollute the environment. With small capital and simple technology, this process can empower villagers, create employment opportunities, increase income, and support environmentally friendly practices. Training and education programs on entrepreneurship and waste management can also grow the business, strengthen the local economy, and raise awareness about the importance of protecting the environment.

This study explores the role of input-output (I-O) tables in promoting sustainable agricultural sector development in Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency, Indonesia. The agricultural sector is a critical component of the local economy, contributing significantly to the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and providing employment for the majority of the population. However, the sector faces challenges such as climate change, unsustainable farming practices, and limited access to modern agricultural technologies. By utilizing I-O tables, this research analyzes the interdependencies between the agricultural sector and other economic sectors, identifying opportunities for growth and the potential impact of sustainable practices. The findings reveal that integrating sustainable agricultural practices can enhance productivity, increase farmers' income, and contribute to environmental preservation. Policy recommendations are provided to support the adoption of sustainable methods, including incentives for environmentally friendly practices, education and training for farmers, and the development of supporting infrastructure. The study underscores the importance of data-driven approaches in formulating effective policies that promote both economic growth and sustainability in the agricultural sector.

The "Go Green: Empowering the Rawa Buntu Serpong Community through Planting Vegetables and Herbs" program is an initiative designed as part of the Community Service activities within the Integrated Community Service Program (KKN) of Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang (UMT). This program aims to address environmental issues while simultaneously strengthening food security in the Rawa Buntu area. By encouraging active community participation, the program promotes gardening activities in home yards or available vacant land, thus creating a greener and healthier environment. The "Go Green" program not only focuses on environmental aspects but also emphasizes the importance of economic empowerment and community self-reliance. Through the cultivation of vegetables and herbs, the community is expected not only to meet their own food needs but also to potentially increase their income through the sale of harvested produce. This initiative aims to raise awareness of the importance of urban agriculture and its contribution to environmental health and food security. The conclusion of this program demonstrates that community involvement in gardening activities not only positively impacts the environment but also strengthens the local economy and fosters more sustainable food security in the future.

This article discusses the importance of business legality, especially in obtaining Business Identification Numbers (NIB) and Halal Certificates for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Gentong Village, Pasuruan. Gentong District has many MSMEs that play an important role in the local economy, but face challenges in understanding and managing business legality, which results in limited access to wider markets. This article highlights the mentoring program carried out using the Service Learning method, which involves direct interaction between academics, students and MSME actors. This program aims to increase the understanding and skills of MSME players in managing NIB and Halal Certificates, as well as overcoming bureaucratic obstacles which often become obstacles in managing business legality. Through this approach, MSME players are expected to be able to increase the competitiveness and sustainability of their businesses. This article also examines relevant theories, such as Legitimacy Theory, Social Capital Theory, and Market Access Theory, which support the importance of business legality in building reputation, expanding markets, and reducing legal risks. The results of this mentoring program show that with adequate business legality, MSMEs in Gentong Village are able to expand business networks, increase credibility, and access larger market opportunities, both at the local and international levels. Thus, business legality is not only an administrative fulfillment, but also an important business strategy for the growth and sustainability of MSME businesses amidst increasingly tight market competition.

The advancement of digital technology has revolutionized marketing from traditional methods to online approaches. Digital marketing, leveraging digital media and the internet, including e-commerce and social media, has become a crucial element in promoting products and services. According to Kotler and Keller (2023), digital marketing not only boosts sales but also strengthens brand identity and fosters customer relationships. In Indonesia, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), which significantly contribute to the local economy, can utilize digital marketing to expand their market reach and improve efficiency. This study was conducted in Ngampel Kulon Village, Kendal Regency, Central Java, focusing on MSME operators and aspiring entrepreneurs who have not fully utilized digital platforms such as WhatsApp Business. The research method involved observation, economic potential identification, and training using a Participatory Rural Approach. The training covered four main components: an introduction to digital marketing basics, copywriting techniques, digital marketing strategies, and hands-on practice with guidance. Results showed that 34 local residents and 15 KKN students exhibited high enthusiasm and successfully applied promotional strategies through social media. The evaluation indicated an improvement in knowledge and skills in using WhatsApp Business for product marketing. The conclusion is that the training successfully enhanced MSMEs' understanding and skills in digital marketing, including digital content creation and social media utilization. The program also emphasizes the need for policy makers' involvement in planning and managing local product marketing to compete globally and adapt to ongoing technological trends.

The ceriping MSMEs in Kedungasri Village, Kendal Regency, have played an important role in the transformation of the local economy. Through innovation and appropriate business strategies, these businesses have not only managed to maintain their production sustainability, but have also been able to grow in the face of increasingly competitive market challenges. Innovations include product diversification, application of simple technology in the production process, and improved packaging quality. Meanwhile, business strategies include strengthening marketing networks, utilizing digital platforms, and improving human resource skills. This transformation has had a significant impact on increasing community income and reducing the unemployment rate in Kedungasri Village, making the ceriping MSMEs the driving force of a sustainable village economy.

The Community Service Program (KKN) of UIN Walisongo in Sendang Dawung Village, Kendal Regency, aims to develop the local economy by strengthening Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Intensive discussions with the village community identified various local potentials, such as agricultural products, handicrafts, and traditional processed foods. However, challenges faced include limited capital, restricted market access, and a lack of managerial skills. To address these issues, a series of workshops and mentoring programs were designed, covering business management training, product quality improvement, business digitalization, and ongoing support. Additionally, collaboration with various local stakeholders, such as the Cooperative and MSME Office and financial institutions, was established to enhance support for village MSMEs. The results of this program are expected to increase the competitiveness of MSME products, open up broader market access, and ultimately improve the welfare of the Sendang Dawung Village community

This research aims to improve public health and economic education in Ciantra Village through stunting counseling programs, health checks, and MSME development. The methods used include counseling at Posyandu to increase awareness about stunting and the importance of routine health checks, as well as MSME bazaars accompanied by marketing training to strengthen the local economy. The results of the study showed an increase in public understanding of stunting prevention and early detection of health problems, as well as an increase in sales of MSME products after rebranding. This program is not only successful in overcoming existing health and economic problems, but also strengthens the status of Ciantra Village as an independent village. The implementation of this program can be a model for other villages in an effort to achieve community independence and welfare.