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This study aims to analyze consumer preferences for purchasing organic products in Bandar Lampung City. With increasing awareness of the importance of a healthy lifestyle and environmental sustainability, organic products are increasingly popular among consumers. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method to collect data from consumers who purchase organic products in various markets and shops in Bandar Lampung City from November to December 2024. The variables analyzed include factors that influence purchasing decisions, namely age, education level, gender, frequency and location of purchase, and sources of information about organic products. The results show that consumers of organic products are aged between 18-56 years, with the majority being female and from those with higher education (bachelor and postgraduate). Consumers prefer organic products because of health considerations and better quality compared to conventional products. However, higher prices and product availability are inhibiting factors in purchasing organic products. This study provides important insights for organic product producers and marketers in designing more effective marketing strategies, as well as contributing to the development of the organic product market in Bandar Lampung City.

This study aims to determine the level of body dissatisfaction among individuals experiencing food addiction. Food addiction is characterized by impulsive and uncontrolled eating behavior, particularly toward high-fat and high-sugar foods, accompanied by physical and psychological dependence. This condition increases the risk of weight gain and negatively impacts body image, especially among female college students who are vulnerable to social pressure and ideal beauty standards. The research employed a descriptive quantitative approach with incidental sampling techniques. Participants consisted of six female students from the Psychology and Primary School Teacher Education (PGSD) programs at Universitas Negeri Padang, selected based on the food addiction criteria outlined in the DSM-5. The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-16A) was used to measure body dissatisfaction levels. Data were analyzed using percentage distribution to provide a general overview of body dissatisfaction among the research subjects. The results showed that 66.66% of participants experienced high to very high levels of body dissatisfaction. This indicates a positive relationship between food addiction and body dissatisfaction. Students with food addiction tend to have negative perceptions of their body shape, influenced by social pressures, media exposure, and prevailing beauty ideals in society. These findings highlight the need for appropriate psychological interventions and education about healthy eating habits and self-acceptance in university environments. Through a comprehensive approach, it is hoped that students can develop a more positive body image and avoid eating disorders that may harm their physical and mental health. Additionally, this study can serve as a basis for developing mental health promotion programs and eating disorder prevention efforts among university students.

Food security is a fundamental aspect of independent and sustainable village development. Kajarharjo Village has abundant natural resource potential, such as cassava and various herbal plants. However, the utilization of this potential is still less than optimal, both in terms of food processing and the implementation of environmentally friendly agriculture. This condition encourages the need for community service activities oriented towards food innovation and strengthening sustainable agriculture. This service activity was carried out using a participatory and applied approach at the Kajarharjo Village Hall. The main target is the village community, especially housewives and farmers. The program is implemented through two main activities, namely: (1) training in making cassava leaf nuggets as a nutritious food, an alternative local product, and a household business opportunity; and (2) training in making organic boosters from natural ingredients as a more environmentally friendly substitute for chemical fertilizers. Implementation methods include counseling, demonstrations, direct practice, and interactive discussions to ensure active community involvement. The results of the activities show an increase in community knowledge and skills. Housewives are able to process cassava leaves into products with nutritional and economic value, while farmers gain skills in mixing organic boosters that can improve soil quality and agricultural yields without relying on chemical fertilizers. The participants' enthusiasm was also evident in their active participation in the practical exercises and their desire to apply the knowledge gained in their daily activities. In conclusion, this activity successfully encouraged the utilization of local potential in Kajarharjo Village through food innovation and organic farming. Empowering the community through cassava leaf processing and organic fertilizer production not only strengthens food security but also opens up business opportunities, maintains environmental health, and supports the development of an independent, healthy, and sustainable village.

A parenting seminar on maternal and child mental health organized by KPM UI Bunga Bangsa Cirebon students in Pegagan Village is a form of community service aimed at raising awareness and understanding of the importance of mental health in parenting. The limited knowledge of mental health issues in rural communities, coupled with high levels of stress experienced by parents, often negatively impacts parenting practices. This has the potential to hinder optimal child development, both physically, psychologically, and socially. Therefore, this activity was designed with a participatory approach, where the community is not merely an object but is also involved from the beginning of the planning process. This process includes coordination with village officials, seminars, and monitoring and evaluation stages, so that the community feels ownership and plays an active role in the program. The seminar featured speakers from psychology and legal academics who explained the relationship between parental mental health and fulfilling legal obligations to protect children's rights. The material presented emphasized how parental stress and emotions can affect child development, as well as the importance of parents' ability to manage the pressures of everyday life. Participants gained an understanding of strategies for maintaining mental health, including good time management, building open communication within the family environment, and strengthening social support as an emotional support system. The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' awareness of the importance of mental health not only as an individual need, but also as a moral, social, and legal responsibility in creating a healthy, safe, and resilient family environment. Therefore, this parenting seminar can be seen as an effective educational strategy, not only strengthening parents' capacity to raise children but also building sustainable local support networks for the well-being of families and communities.

The Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) aims to develop students who possess strong character and skills that are relevant to the demands of the times, particularly in facing global challenges and technological advancements. One of the implementations of P5 at SMK NU 1 Sukodadi is the Gelar Karya activity, which serves as a platform for students to showcase their creativity and apply the values of Pancasila in real life. The theme of this activity is "Build a Healthy Body, Mind, and Sustainable Lifestyle," aimed at raising awareness of the importance of physical and mental health, as well as adopting environmentally friendly practices that support sustainability. The method used in this activity is a project-based learning approach, where students are given the opportunity to learn through direct experience. This allows them to understand and apply the theories they have learned in real-world practices. Additionally, the activity emphasizes collaboration between students and teachers, creating a supportive learning environment and strengthening the relationship between learners and educators. By utilizing experiential learning, students are directly involved in the learning process, which facilitates a deeper understanding. The results of this community service project show that the Gelar Karya activity successfully increased students' awareness of the importance of healthy lifestyles and sustainable environmental management. Students not only gained theoretical knowledge but also practical skills that they can apply in their daily lives. Furthermore, the activity strengthened students' character and supported the values of the Pancasila Student Profile. These findings can serve as a model for other schools to optimize the sustainable implementation of P5, providing a positive impact on shaping students' character and skills for a better future.

The " Toddler Family Class " program provided an opportunity for parents to actively engage in learning about the importance of appropriate parenting for toddlers. Recognizing the critical window of early childhood, the program focused on equipping parents with the knowledge and tools to promote their children’s cognitive, emotional, and social development. Parenting practices in early childhood significantly influence a child’s future academic success, emotional well-being, and ability to form healthy relationships. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that parents are well-informed about the best approaches to child-rearing during these formative years. The interactive discussions offered parents a platform to share their personal experiences, concerns, and challenges regarding parenting. Case studies presented real-life scenarios that allowed participants to apply theoretical knowledge to practical situations. This approach facilitated a deeper understanding of the various parenting styles, including authoritarian, permissive, and democratic parenting, and their respective effects on child behavior and development. Furthermore, the program emphasized the importance of nurturing a secure attachment between parents and toddlers. Participants were introduced to strategies that encourage positive reinforcement, empathy, and effective communication with their children. These strategies are key to fostering a supportive and loving environment in which children can thrive emotionally and socially. The collaborative nature of the program also helped to build a supportive network among parents. They were encouraged to form lasting relationships that could provide ongoing mutual support in their parenting journey. This communal learning environment reinforced the importance of family-centered child development practices, ensuring that parents felt empowered to make informed decisions that would benefit their children’s long-term growth and well-being.

Women's leadership is recognized as a strategic factor driving organizational success through the formation of effective and sustainable team collaboration. Beyond simply directing, women leaders build a conducive work climate where team members are valued, engaged, and have equal opportunities to contribute. Across various sectors, they demonstrate the ability to manage team dynamics with a participatory, collaborative approach, and a focus on healthy interpersonal relationships. This study uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to describe the role, benefits, and challenges of women's leadership in human resource (HR) development. Twelve articles published between 2020 and 2024 were selected based on the PICOC framework to ensure academic validity. The study results indicate that women's leadership is synonymous with a participatory style, empathy, and open communication that encourages time commitment, the flow of ideas, innovation, and productivity. Women leaders create a psychologically safe work environment, value differences of opinion, and encourage cross-functional collaboration. Their role is increasingly important in the era of flexible work and digital transformation, where empathy and communication are key to maintaining team motivation and productivity. However, challenges such as gender stereotypes, structural barriers, and cultural resistance still limit the effectiveness of women's leadership, especially in strategic positions and high-level decision-making. In many cases, women leaders still have to work harder to gain legitimacy, even though they have the same or even higher qualifications than their male counterparts. Addressing this requires more inclusive organizational policies, gender-based leadership training programs, mentoring, and consistent advocacy for equality. Companies and public institutions must actively create an ecosystem that supports women's leadership development, including equal access to strategic career opportunities.

School laboratories are learning environments that have high potential hazards, both from exposure to chemicals, the use of complex equipment, and other environmental factors. Unfortunately, the application of occupational safety and health (K3) principles in schools is still often ignored, increasing the risk of accidents and occupational diseases. In response to this issue, the S1 Occupational Safety and Health Study Program of the Batari Toja Bone Institute carried out Community Service (PKM) activities which aimed to increase students' understanding of the importance of K3 culture in the laboratory. This activity was held on August 13, 2025 at SMAN 3 Bone by involving students of class XII.F.3 as the main participants. The method of implementing the activity includes filling out an initial questionnaire to measure the level of initial understanding of students, delivering material through lectures and direct demonstrations, and interactive question and answer sessions to deepen participants' understanding. The material presented included identification of potential hazards in the laboratory, procedures for using personal protective equipment (PPE), recognition of K3 signs, and strategies to prevent the risk of work accidents. The results of the evaluation showed a significant increase in students' understanding of aspects of K3, which was shown through the comparison of questionnaire results before and after the activity. Students become more aware of the importance of using PPE, are able to recognize K3 signs, and understand preventive measures in dealing with potential dangers in the laboratory. This activity is expected to encourage the formation of a K3 culture in the school environment, so as to create a safe, healthy, and productive learning atmosphere. In addition, this program is an educational model that can be replicated in other schools as a preventive effort in managing work risks in the educational environment.

This study discusses the influence of parenting patterns on children's social development in Maukeli Village, Mauponggo District, Nagekeo Regency. Community service activities in the form of socialization carried out on May 14, 2025 aimed to increase the understanding of mothers and the community regarding the importance of healthy and positive parenting patterns in supporting the growth and formation of children's character. The methods used include lectures, discussions, simulations, evaluations, and feedback, involving mothers and children as participants. The results of the activity show that the parenting patterns applied in Maukeli Village are still diverse, so this socialization provides knowledge and practical skills in child care that can shape children's character and emotional development optimally. This activity emphasizes the importance of the active role of mothers as primary caregivers and collaboration between the village government, health workers, and the community in creating a conducive family environment for child development. With ongoing assistance, it is hoped that children in Maukeli Village can grow into independent, responsible, and highly competitive individuals.

Drug abuse among adolescents is a serious problem that requires comprehensive and sustainable prevention efforts. Adolescence is a developmental phase characterized by the search for identity, emotional instability, and high levels of influence from the social environment, including peers. In this context, family education plays a central role as the first line of defense in protecting adolescents from the negative influence of drugs. Through open communication, wise supervision, and consistent love and emotional support, parents can create a safe and supportive environment for their children's mental development. Effective family education includes strengthening moral, religious, and social values, aiming to shape adolescents' character and resilience to environmental pressures. In certain situations, family education also needs to be supported by a scientific approach, one of which is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). CBT is a psychological approach that focuses on improving negative thought patterns and behaviors. In the context of discussing drugs, CBT can help adolescents identify the emotional and social triggers that lead them to try illicit substances and equip them with strategies to cope healthily. The integration of family education and CBT therapy creates a comprehensive approach—from the home to professional support—to strengthen adolescents' mental resilience. This collaboration not only reduces the risk of addiction but also encourages adolescents to become more self-aware, emotionally healthy, and productive individuals. Therefore, synergy between families, schools, and mental health professionals is crucial in creating a drug-free generation of young people ready to face the challenges of modern life. Therefore, the active involvement of all parties, including educational institutions and the community, is essential to creating an environment that supports early drug prevention.

Worm infestation due to Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) infection remains a public health problem, especially among elementary school children who frequently interact with contaminated soil. This condition is a major concern because it can cause long-term health problems, particularly in terms of physical growth and development of children. This study aims to identify the presence of STH worm eggs and larvae in soil and fecal samples of children in Bekoso Village, Pasir Belengkong District, Paser Regency, East Kalimantan. This study used a descriptive approach with a cross-sectional design. The samples used consisted of 23 soil points taken from oil palm plantations with sandy and loose soil criteria, as well as 16 fecal samples from elementary school children. Fecal examination was carried out using the Kato-Katz method to detect worm eggs, while the soil was examined using the Baermann technique to detect worm larvae. The results showed that 25% of children's fecal samples were infected with worm eggs, with 12.5% containing hookworm eggs, 12.5% Taenia sp. eggs, and 6.25% Ascaris lumbricoides eggs. In soil samples, 60.87% tested positive for Strongyloides stercoralis larvae and 26.09% tested positive for Ascaris lumbricoides eggs. These findings indicate a high risk of STH infection in children in the area. Environmental factors such as soil moisture, soil texture suitable for worm breeding, and poor personal hygiene practices are suspected to be the main causes of the spread of infection. This study emphasizes the importance of education on clean and healthy living behaviors (PHBS) and improving environmental sanitation to reduce cases of worm infection, especially in endemic areas such as Bekoso Village. More comprehensive prevention efforts are urgently needed to address this problem and improve public health, especially among elementary school children.

Drug abuse among adolescents is a serious problem that requires a comprehensive prevention strategy. One key element in this effort is family education, which plays a frontline role in protecting adolescents from the negative influence of drugs. Through consistent education, supervision, and emotional support, families can build a foundation for positive behavior and mental resilience in adolescents. Effective family education includes open communication between parents and children, teaching moral and religious values, and creating a safe, harmonious, and warm home environment. Healthy communication allows adolescents to feel comfortable discussing problems or pressures they face, thereby minimizing the risk of falling into drug abuse. In addition to the role of the family, psychological approaches such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) have proven effective in strengthening adolescents' resilience to social pressures and the temptation of drugs. CBT focuses on helping individuals recognize and change negative thought patterns and risky behaviors that trigger abuse. With CBT techniques, adolescents can learn stress management skills, improve decision-making skills, and develop healthier, adaptive behaviors. The integration of family education and CBT therapy results in a more holistic prevention approach. Families provide a foundation of morals, values, and emotional support, while CBT strengthens adolescents' psychological abilities to face life's challenges. This synergy can increase resilience, reduce vulnerability to negative influences, and equip adolescents with effective strategies for resisting drugs. By optimizing the role of the family and combining it with psychological interventions, it is hoped that a healthy, productive young generation will emerge, free from the threat of drugs, enabling them to contribute positively to society and the future of the nation.

Exposure to food advertising, particularly UPF (Ultra-Processed Food), not only impacts children's short-term food choices but also influences the formation of long-term unhealthy eating habits. Several studies have found that advertising's influence on children is not only direct but is also reinforced by environmental factors such as family eating habits, peer influence, and food accessibility at home and school. For example, children who regularly watch television unsupervised or who have personal devices with internet access are more likely to be exposed to UPF advertising, which is typically designed with bold colors, cartoon characters, and memorable slogans. This makes children more susceptible to influence and develop preferences for the promoted foods. Furthermore, UPF advertising often features emotional messages or positive associations such as fun, friendship, and rewards, further strengthening its appeal to children. When these advertisements are repeatedly exposed, children can internalize these messages and make them part of their eating experience. In the long term, this risks causing children to associate unhealthy foods with comfort or happiness, which can trigger emotional eating and increase the potential for eating disorders and the risk of non-communicable diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to involve various stakeholders, including parents, educators, industry players, and policymakers, in building a healthy eating environment. Media literacy education for children is also a crucial step in equipping them to be more critical of advertising messages. Strict regulations on food marketing aimed at children, such as banning UPF advertising during children's broadcast hours, regulating the use of cartoon characters, and providing clear and easy-to-understand nutrition labeling, are important strategies to reduce the negative impact of UPF advertising on children's health in the long term.

Waste management is a major challenge in sustainable development, particularly in areas with tourism potential. Paya Jeget Village, Pegasing District, Central Aceh Regency, a developing tourist destination, is addressing waste management issues that require serious attention. The increasing number of tourists visiting the village has the potential to significantly increase the volume of waste generated. Without proper management, this condition can threaten environmental sustainability and public health. Therefore, a community-based waste management approach is needed that involves the active participation of all stakeholders, from village government, community leaders, tourism operators, and the general public. The objectives of this community service activity are to increase public knowledge and awareness about sustainable waste management, develop an integrated community-based waste management system, and establish independent community waste management groups to realize a clean and healthy tourist destination. Implementation methods include outreach and education, practical training, the formation of working groups, and ongoing mentoring to ensure the program runs consistently. The community service activities carried out on June 2, 2025 have achieved the following results: 45 participants participated in the outreach activities, 90% of participants understood the importance of waste from a religious and environmental perspective, the formation of collective awareness to maintain environmental cleanliness, the formation of a waste management group consisting of 15 members, the availability of waste sorting places at three strategic points, the implementation of waste sorting activities at the household level, and the start of organic waste composting activities. In addition, this activity also succeeded in fostering a spirit of mutual cooperation in waste management and improving residents' skills in processing organic waste into compost.

This study aims to analyze the influence of work-life balance and workload on turnover intention, with work stress as a mediating variable in employees of PT Semarang Garment. The phenomenon of high turnover in the garment industry is the background of this study, which is triggered by large production targets, high work pressure, and imbalance between work and personal life. These conditions have the potential to reduce employee welfare and increase the desire to leave the company. This study uses a quantitative method with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis techniques using AMOS version 24. The research sample of 360 respondents was selected through a simple random sampling technique, and data was collected using a structured online questionnaire. The results of the analysis show that: (1) Work-life balance does not have a significant effect on turnover intention, but has a significant negative effect on work stress, which means the better the work-life balance, the lower the level of work stress; (2) Workload has a significant positive effect on work stress, but does not have a significant effect on turnover intention; (3) Work stress has a significant positive effect on turnover intention, which indicates that the higher the work stress, the greater the employee's desire to leave. Furthermore, it was found that job stress mediates the relationship between work-life balance and turnover intention, so improving work-life balance can indirectly reduce turnover intention through reduced job stress. Theoretically, this study adds to the human resource management literature on factors influencing turnover intention. Practically, the results recommend that company management create a healthy work environment, manage workloads proportionally, and design policies that support work-life balance to reduce turnover intention.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in Indonesia, and its prevention can begin at school age through the adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviors. Low health literacy among students, teachers, and parents poses a challenge in cancer prevention efforts. This community service program aimed to improve knowledge, awareness, and healthy lifestyle behaviors in the school community through the School Cancer Awareness Movement at UPT SDN 060831 Medan. The method used was Participatory Action Research (PAR), which actively involved students, teachers, and parents. The program stages included preparation, joint planning, interactive education, training for teachers and Cancer Ambassadors, practical actions such as Fruit Day and morning exercise, and evaluation. The results showed an average increase in student knowledge by 38% and teacher knowledge by 42%, the development of healthy habits such as bringing healthy lunches, reducing unhealthy snacks, and participating in physical activities. Additionally, new school practices emerged, such as regular Fruit Day, morning exercise, and the establishment of a Cancer Information Corner. This program proved effective in fostering behavioral change and building a culture of healthy living in the school environment.

Scabies is a contagious skin disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei infestation, and generally affects children and adolescents, especially those living in crowded and unhygienic environments such as orphanages. This disease is highly contagious through direct contact and the sharing of personal items, such as towels, clothing, and bedding. Therefore, ongoing promotional and preventive efforts are crucial to prevent the spread of scabies in vulnerable communities. This community service activity was carried out at the Harapan Kita Orphanage within the Ariodillah Community Health Center (Puskesmas) working area. The main objective of the activity was to increase children's knowledge, awareness, and skills in preventing scabies transmission. The activity methods used included two-way discussion-based health education, providing real-life examples of personal hygiene, and distributing educational leaflets that are easy for children to understand. The education was conducted interactively by involving participants in questions and answers, handwashing simulations, and education on the importance of washing clothes and maintaining clean bedding. Post-activity observations showed that all participants did not experience active scabies symptoms, and there was an increase in participants' understanding of clean and healthy lifestyles. The children showed high enthusiasm and were able to reflect on the information presented. Overall, this activity proved effective in raising awareness of the importance of personal and environmental hygiene. This counseling model is highly relevant for regular implementation in orphanages or other institutions at high risk of spreading infectious skin diseases, as part of an education-based public health strategy. With the active involvement of the orphanage caregivers, it is hoped that this program can be sustainable and become part of the routine health education for children.

Digital Health Edupreneurship is a concept of student empowerment that integrates health education, digital technology, and entrepreneurial skills. Through this approach, students are not only passive recipients of information but also active creators of digital innovations,such as mobile apps, social media content, educational videos, and online platforms,designed to promote healthy behaviors within schools and the broader community. The main objective of this initiative is to explore and analyze how student innovation in digital health can serve as an effective tool for health promotion while simultaneously fostering entrepreneurial spirit among students. The method used in this program involves lectures and interactive demonstrations. The activity was carried out in three stages: planning and preparation, implementation and process, and finally evaluation and monitoring. Throughout the implementation phase, students were guided to form innovation groups, develop relevant digital content, and collaboratively present their ideas. These activities not only encouraged creativity but also enhanced student engagement in real-world applications of both health promotion and entrepreneurship.The results revealed a significant improvement in students’ knowledge. Prior to the program, only 25.9% of students were categorized as having good knowledge. After the digital health edupreneurship session, this number increased to 88.9%. These findings indicate that the Digital Health Edupreneurship approach is effective in improving health literacy and cultivating student creativity and entrepreneurial mindset in a practical and collaborative learning environment

Adolescent reproductive health is a crucial aspect in creating a physically, mentally, and socially healthy generation. Adolescence is a critical phase in individual development marked by biological, psychological, and social changes, requiring special attention, particularly regarding understanding reproductive health. Unfortunately, many adolescents still have limited knowledge in this area, which can increase the risk of risky behavior, unwanted pregnancy, and sexually transmitted infections. In this context, families play a crucial role as the primary source of education, supervision, and emotional and moral support. This community service activity aims to increase the knowledge and understanding of adolescent reproductive health among families in Uma Sima Village, Sumbawa District. The methods used included interactive counseling, group discussions, and the distribution of educational media in the form of leaflets to families with adolescent children. The activity was conducted over two days and was attended by 30 families. To measure the effectiveness of the activity, pre- and post-tests were conducted to assess the increase in participants' knowledge before and after the activity. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in families' understanding of adolescent reproductive health issues. This was evident in the increase in the average post-test score compared to the pre-test. Furthermore, participants demonstrated high enthusiasm in participating in the activities, actively participating in discussions, and expressing their readiness to provide education to their children at home. In conclusion, this activity was effective in increasing family knowledge and demonstrating the importance of the family's role in preventing adolescent reproductive health issues. It is hoped that similar activities can be conducted on an ongoing basis to create a supportive, open, and communicative family environment that supports adolescent growth and development.

This study aimed to compare the inhalation anesthetic profiles of ether and chloroform in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) using a modern pharmacological approach. Five healthy male rats (8–10 weeks old) were randomly divided into three groups: ether, chloroform, and control (ketoprofen). The main parameters observed were the onset time of loss of the righting reflex and the duration until its recovery. In theory, ether works by enhancing GABAergic transmission and inhibiting NMDA channels, thus having a slow but stable induction effect (IKAPI, 2009; Arqom, 2023). In contrast, chloroform works by stabilizing the neuronal membrane through activation of the K₂P TREK-1 channel and inhibition of Na⁺/Ca²⁺ currents, resulting in rapid induction with a short duration (Pavel et al., 2020). The experimental results support this theory: chloroform showed an average onset of 167.83 seconds and an anesthesia duration of 84.67 seconds, while ether had a slower onset (307.17 seconds) but a longer duration (169.33 seconds). The difference between the two was statistically significant (ANOVA, p<0.05). The coefficient of variation for chloroform was nearly four times higher than that of ether, indicating that ether provides a more consistent anesthetic effect across individuals. These findings are consistent with previous studies, such as Fathiyah & Anretha's (2023) report on the variability of chloroform effects and the results of in vivo amethyst anesthesia studies (Aprira, 2022; Genta et al., 2021). Overall, ether is more suitable for medium-term procedures requiring stable anesthesia, while chloroform is suitable for short interventions requiring rapid induction. This study emphasizes the importance of controlled inhalation environments, adequate sample sizes, and chamber standardization to enhance the external validity of the results.