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This community engagement program aimed to strengthen entrepreneurial capacity and digital literacy among santri at Asy-Syifa Al-Islami Islamic Boarding School, Parung Bogor, Indonesia. The program was designed in response to the growing importance of entrepreneurship and digital competencies in supporting youth empowerment, economic participation, and sustainable community development. The activities involved Islamic boarding school students who had limited access to entrepreneurship education, digital business training, and practical technology-based learning opportunities. To address these challenges, participatory workshops, mentoring sessions, collaborative discussions, and practical digital entrepreneurship training were implemented over a three-month period involving 55 participants. The program focused on entrepreneurial mindset development, digital marketing, financial literacy, social media utilization, and small business management skills. The findings demonstrated significant improvements in entrepreneurial awareness, digital literacy, communication skills, creativity, teamwork, and self-confidence among participants. Qualitative results also revealed increased motivation among santri to develop small businesses and utilize digital platforms productively. Participants showed greater readiness to engage in entrepreneurship activities and adapt to technological developments after completing the program. The integration of entrepreneurship education and digital skills training proved effective in promoting youth empowerment and sustainable community participation. Overall, the program highlights the importance of community-based entrepreneurship and digital literacy initiatives in strengthening the socio-economic capacity of Islamic boarding school students

This community engagement program aimed to strengthen community empowerment through human resource development and employability skills training in West Java Indonesia. The program involved youth groups, unemployed individuals, women’s associations, and local community members who experienced limited access to professional training and workforce readiness opportunities. To address these challenges, participatory workshops, leadership training, career mentoring, and collaborative learning activities were implemented over a three-month period involving 65 participants. The findings demonstrated significant improvements in communication skills, teamwork, leadership competencies, career planning awareness, and problem-solving abilities among participants. Qualitative results also revealed increased confidence, stronger motivation for professional development, and greater participation in community and economic activities. Participants showed improved readiness for employment and entrepreneurship opportunities after completing the program. The integration of human resource development and participatory educational approaches proved effective in promoting employability and sustainable community empowerment

This community engagement program aimed to strengthen community empowerment through legal and financial literacy initiatives designed to support sustainable social development in Uttarakhand, India. The program involved rural and semi-urban communities, including local residents, youth groups, small entrepreneurs, and women’s associations, many of whom demonstrated limited understanding of legal rights, financial management, and sustainable economic practices. These limitations reduced their participation in local development initiatives and community decision-making processes. To address these challenges, the program implemented participatory workshops, legal awareness campaigns, financial literacy training, and mentoring activities over a three-month period involving 60 participants. The findings indicated significant improvements in participants’ understanding of legal rights, budgeting practices, savings management, entrepreneurial planning, and financial decision-making skills. Qualitative results further revealed stronger community participation, increased confidence in social engagement, and improved awareness regarding social responsibility and sustainable development. Participants also became more actively involved in local economic and community activities after completing the program.

This community engagement program aims to strengthen community empowerment through inclusive education practices using a participatory approach for sustainable development. The program was conducted in multicultural community settings involving local educators, parents, youth groups, and community leaders. Although inclusive education has gained increasing global attention, many communities still face challenges related to unequal educational access, limited awareness of diversity, and insufficient participation in inclusive learning activities. The program utilized participatory educational workshops, collaborative learning sessions, community mentoring, and inclusive capacity-building activities over a three-month period. A total of 50 participants from different community groups participated in the program. Quantitative findings indicated improvements in participants’ understanding of inclusive education principles, intercultural communication skills, and community collaboration practices

This study examines the transformation of business education curricula in response to the rapid expansion of the digital economy. The increasing integration of artificial intelligence, big data analytics, cloud computing, and digital platforms has significantly reshaped industrial demands and professional competencies. Using a qualitative research approach and content analysis, this study explores the challenges and strategic opportunities associated with curriculum transformation in higher education institutions. The findings reveal that universities face critical challenges related to technological infrastructure, faculty readiness, curriculum relevance, and industry alignment. However, digital transformation also provides opportunities for interdisciplinary learning, experiential education, global collaboration, and technology-driven innovation. The study emphasizes the importance of adaptive leadership, faculty development, industry partnerships, and student-centered pedagogies in supporting sustainable curriculum reform. Ultimately, transforming business education curricula is essential for preparing graduates with digital competencies, critical thinking abilities, and innovative skills necessary to compete effectively in the global digital economy.

This study examines the role of inclusive curriculum reform in promoting educational equity within multicultural education systems. The research focuses on the interconnected roles of curriculum transformation, educational policy, and transformative leadership in fostering inclusive and socially just learning environments. Using a qualitative content analysis approach, the study analyzed scholarly articles, policy documents, educational reports, and academic literature related to multicultural education, inclusive pedagogy, leadership, and equity-oriented policies. The findings reveal that inclusive curriculum reform serves as a fundamental strategy for recognizing cultural diversity, reducing discrimination, and enhancing equal participation among students from diverse backgrounds. Furthermore, effective educational policies and transformative leadership practices were identified as essential factors in supporting sustainable inclusive educational reform. However, the study also found that the implementation of inclusive curriculum reform continues to face significant challenges, including inadequate teacher preparation, limited institutional resources, policy inconsistency, technological inequality, and sociocultural resistance

The enactment of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) and the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) represents a significant transformation in India’s criminal justice system. Although environmental protection in India has traditionally been governed by specialized environmental statutes, the newly enacted criminal laws also contain provisions capable of addressing environmental crimes and ecological harm. This article examines the role of the BNS and BNSS in promoting environmental accountability and strengthening green justice within India’s legal framework. The study adopts a doctrinal and analytical legal research methodology based on statutory interpretation, constitutional analysis, and judicial precedents. The research finds that provisions relating to public nuisance, water pollution, atmospheric contamination, hazardous substances, and acts likely to spread disease collectively establish a broader criminal law framework for environmental protection. Judicial interpretation of Article 21 of the Constitution, together with principles such as the polluter pays principle, precautionary principle, and sustainable development, has further strengthened environmental jurisprudence in India. The article argues that the BNS and BNSS contribute toward mainstreaming environmental protection within criminal law, but effective enforcement, institutional coordination, and stronger implementation mechanisms remain necessary for achieving sustainable environmental justice.

This study explores the development of a sustainable framework for Syariah and legal studies within the context of contemporary educational transformation. Employing a qualitative research approach through content analysis, this study examines relevant scholarly literature, Islamic legal sources, and contemporary educational perspectives to identify key strategies for strengthening Syariah and legal education in response to evolving societal challenges. The findings reveal that the sustainability of Syariah and legal studies requires an integrated approach that combines classical Islamic scholarship with modern legal, social, and technological developments. Several essential dimensions are identified, including institutional reform, curriculum innovation, pedagogical transformation, research advancement, international academic collaboration, and technology integration. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of interdisciplinary engagement between Syariah studies and other fields, such as constitutional law, international law, economics, sociology, and digital studies. The findings also emphasize the significance of student-centered learning, critical thinking, and research-based education in enhancing academic quality and intellectual engagement

The rapid growth of the global halal economy has positioned halal products and services as important contributors to international trade, economic development, and evolving consumer markets. This study investigates the role of halal consumer protection law in supporting the advancement of the halal economy from both legal and economic perspectives. Employing a qualitative approach with a juridical normative framework, this research examines regulatory structures, halal certification mechanisms, consumer protection principles, and the broader economic implications of halal governance. The findings indicate that effective halal consumer protection frameworks are essential for establishing legal certainty, preserving product authenticity, strengthening consumer trust, and improving market transparency. From an economic perspective, comprehensive halal regulations contribute to enhancing product competitiveness, expanding global market access, encouraging industrial innovation, attracting investment, and promoting sustainable economic growth. Nevertheless, this study highlights several ongoing challenges, including the lack of harmonization among international halal standards, limited regulatory enforcement capacity, the financial burden of certification processes for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), and the increasing complexity of digital trade and cross-border e-commerce.

This study contributes to the advancement of Islamic social finance discourse by developing a conceptual framework for a digitally integrated zakat governance model within the agricultural sector. The study addresses a critical gap between productive zakat practices and the emerging landscape of digital agricultural transformation. While previous research has largely focused on the redistributive function of zakat as a mechanism for poverty alleviation, limited scholarly attention has been directed toward its potential transformation into a technology-enabled and productivity-oriented instrument that supports sustainable development objectives. Employing a qualitative research approach through content analysis, this study synthesizes interdisciplinary perspectives from Islamic economics, zakat governance, agricultural technology innovation, and digital sustainability studies. The study proposes a Digital Farming Zakat Platform framework consisting of five interconnected dimensions: geospatial-based beneficiary identification, smart farming empowerment, sharia-compliant financial mechanisms, agricultural market integration, and data-driven monitoring systems.

This study examines the growing debate surrounding the possibility of granting legal personhood to artificial intelligence (AI) systems within contemporary legal frameworks. As AI technologies become increasingly autonomous in decision-making, innovation, and economic interactions, questions arise concerning accountability, liability, and ethical governance. Using a qualitative library research approach, this study analyzes scholarly literature, legal theories, and global regulatory developments related to AI personhood. The discussion explores historical precedents of non-human legal entities, including corporations and natural objects, and compares them with emerging proposals for electronic legal personality. The findings reveal that while functional legal recognition may offer practical solutions for liability and compensation, current AI systems lack consciousness, moral agency, and intentionality required for full legal personhood. Consequently, most jurisdictions prefer human-centered regulatory models emphasizing transparency, oversight, and institutional accountability. The study concludes that extending legal personhood to AI remains premature and that adaptive governance frameworks are more appropriate for managing future AI-related legal challenges

Digital democracy and e-governance have emerged as transformative instruments for promoting transparency, accountability, and efficient public administration in India. This study examines the role of digital governance initiatives in strengthening democratic participation and reducing corruption through technology-driven governance mechanisms. Using a qualitative and doctrinal research methodology based on secondary sources, the study analyses major initiatives such as Digital India, Aadhaar, DigiLocker, BharatNet, BHIM-UPI, and MyGov. The findings demonstrate that digital governance has improved accessibility to public services, enhanced administrative efficiency, and minimized bureaucratic corruption through automation and electronic monitoring systems. Furthermore, digital platforms have expanded citizen participation in democratic processes by facilitating communication between governmental institutions and the public. However, challenges such as digital inequality, cyber-security risks, infrastructural limitations, and privacy concerns continue to affect the effectiveness of digital democracy in India

This paper offers a comparative analysis of character education through the lens of Islamic and secular humanistic paradigms. Recognizing the increasing cultural and religious diversity in contemporary educational settings, the study emphasizes the importance of an integrative approach that respects both spiritual and rational ethical frameworks. Islamic character education centers on virtues derived from divine guidance, fostering a moral compass anchored in faith, while secular humanistic education promotes critical thinking, autonomy, and universal ethical principles grounded in reason and empathy. By synthesizing these approaches, educators can cultivate learners’ moral resilience, empathy, and ethical commitment within pluralistic societies. The paper further highlights the benefits of intercultural dialogue, pedagogical innovation, and cultural competence for teachers, parents, and communities in supporting holistic moral development. Ultimately, the integration of these models enriches character education, preparing students to become ethically responsible and socially engaged citizens in globalized contexts

Hot material dumping in the chemical industry is an important process stage that affects occupational safety, process stability, and product quality reliability. In manual processes, dumping activities may cause variation because they are influenced by operator condition, pouring angle, work speed, and exposure to hot materials. This study aims to analyze the consistency of the hot material dumping process and formulate a B2B strategy based on process reliability. The research method uses a descriptive-quantitative case study approach with data from 20 batches, analyzed through three indicators: dumping time, pouring flow stability, and material temperature change or ΔT. The data were primary data obtained directly through field observation, production-process documentation, and recording of process parameters; journal literature was used only as the theoretical and interpretive basis. The results show that the automated process provides more consistent performance than the manual process. The average dumping time decreased from 49.14 seconds to 30.18 seconds, the coefficient of variation for dumping time decreased from 12.44% to 1.36%, the pouring flow stability score increased from 2.55 to 4.70, and the average material ΔT decreased from 15.26°C to 8.16°C. These findings indicate that automation can improve process regularity, reduce variation between batches, and maintain material conditions in a more controlled manner. This process consistency can serve as the basis for a B2B strategy based on process reliability, emphasizing process reliability, production safety, quality consistency, and data-based evidence as key values in building industrial customer trust.

Food waste is still a significant problem, affecting food security, the environment, and the global economy. More than 53% of food produced becomes waste. Food waste worldwide totals 1.3 trillion annually. One of the districts with a high food waste rate is Banyumas. The most significant contributor to waste in the Banyumas region in 2021 was food waste, accounting for 39.85%, with much of it generated by restaurants. Restaurants play an essential role in managing food waste, as most food discarded at the preparation stage cannot be reused. This study aims to analyze the relationship between demographics and food waste reduction to support a digital technology approach from a restaurant perspective. This study used quantitative methods. The respondents of this study were 100 restaurants located in Banyumas, including A La Carte, Ramesan, Tegal, and Padang, and the data were analyzed using ANOVA. The results show that demographic factors, including income, age, restaurant opening hours, and the prices of best-selling foods, influence food waste in restaurants. The recommendation is for restaurants to prepare and plan menus. This will affect food prices, opening hours, and revenue. Some restaurants can increase their knowledge of handling food waste.

Lead (Pb²⁺) is a hazardous heavy metal commonly found in industrial wastewater and poses serious risks to human health and the environment due to its toxic and non-biodegradable nature. Therefore, an effective and environmentally friendly treatment method is required to reduce Pb²⁺ concentration in wastewater. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pH and initial Pb²⁺ concentration on the adsorption capacity of ramie leaf (Boehmeria nivea) bioadsorbent activated with NaOH. The adsorption process was conducted using a batch system with pH variations of 4, 5, and 7 and initial Pb²⁺ concentrations of 20, 25, and 30 mg/L. The residual Pb²⁺ concentration was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), and the adsorption performance was evaluated based on removal efficiency and adsorption capacity (Qe). The results showed that pH and initial Pb²⁺ concentration significantly affected the adsorption performance. The optimum adsorption condition was obtained at pH 5, with a maximum removal efficiency of 99.20% and a total adsorption capacity of 18.56 mg/g. The increase in pH from 4 to 5 enhanced adsorption performance due to reduced competition between H⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions for active sites on the adsorbent surface. Increasing the initial Pb²⁺ concentration tended to increase adsorption capacity, although removal efficiency remained relatively stable due to the limited number of active adsorption sites. The Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) values ranged from 1.56% to 3.37%, indicating good precision and repeatability of the experimental data. These findings demonstrate that NaOH-activated ramie leaves have considerable potential as an effective, low-cost, and environmentally friendly bioadsorbent for Pb²⁺ removal from wastewater.

Plastic waste, particularly plastic bottles, has become one of the major challenges in urban environmental management due to its increasing volume and potential to pollute ecosystems. In Bogor City, plastic waste constitutes a significant proportion of daily municipal solid waste, highlighting the need for effective and sustainable waste management models. This study aims to analyze the role of the Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Waste Processing Facility (TPS3R) in managing plastic bottle waste in Bogor City, with a case study of the Eco Techno Park at Ibn Khaldun University (UIKA) Bogor. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method using a case study approach. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with facility managers, and reviews of relevant documents and literature. The findings indicate that the TPS3R Eco Techno Park has successfully implemented the 3R principles through an integrated system supported by environmentally friendly technologies and a circular economy framework. Plastic bottle waste is managed through sorting, shredding, and recycling processes to produce value-added products, including plastic pellets, handicrafts, and construction materials. In addition, organic waste management is integrated through the cultivation of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae. The facility has contributed to reducing the volume of waste sent to landfills by approximately 18%. The study implies that strengthening regulatory support, enhancing community participation, and developing circular economy-based business models are essential to ensure the long-term sustainability of waste management programs and support Bogor City's waste reduction targets.

Land-use changes dominated by impervious surfaces in residential areas reduce the natural infiltration capacity of the soil and increase surface runoff, which may lead to flooding and waterlogging. This study aimed to design a rainwater infiltration well system as an effort to reduce surface runoff in Samudera Afroza 3 Housing Estate, Jambi City. A quantitative approach was employed through field surveys, hydrological analysis, soil permeability testing, GIS-based land-use analysis, and infiltration well design in accordance with SNI 8456:2017 and SNI 03-2453-2002 standards. Rainfall analysis was conducted using maximum daily rainfall data from 2014–2023, applying several probability distributions, with the Gumbel distribution identified as the most representative model. The results revealed that the residential area covers 8,104 m², with 91.84% of the land occupied by built-up surfaces, resulting in limited natural infiltration capacity. The average soil permeability value of 0.00024 m/s indicates favorable conditions for the implementation of infiltration wells. Based on the design calculations, 41 Type III infiltration wells are required, providing a total storage capacity of 289.665 m³ and an infiltration discharge of 0.0919 m³/s. The proposed infiltration well system is capable of reducing runoff volumes by 15.044%, 12.486%, and 11.223% for 2-year, 5-year, and 10-year return periods, respectively. Therefore, infiltration wells can be considered an effective alternative for water conservation and runoff management in residential areas.

Substandard housing remains a multidimensional urban problem because it intersects with structural safety, indoor environmental quality, sanitation, clean water, poverty, and the effectiveness of policy implementation. This study evaluates the implementation of the substandard housing improvement program (RTLH) in Lubuk Linggau City by integrating a technical audit of housing quality with an implementation analysis based on the variables of communication, resources, implementer disposition, and bureaucratic structure. A descriptive-evaluative mixed approach was applied through field observation, technical scoring of ten rehabilitated houses, document review, and structured interviews with regulators, field facilitators, and beneficiary households. The results show that the cumulative technical conformity index reached 3.325 out of 4.00, equivalent to 83%, and was classified as adequate housing. Structural resilience achieved the highest score at 88%, followed by space adequacy at 85%, natural lighting and ventilation at 80%, and sanitation and clean water at 75%. Five houses were classified as adequate housing, while five were classified as fairly adequate/light substandard housing. The implementation analysis indicates that clear practical communication and facilitator assistance strengthened structural quality, but limited financial resources, weak environmental-health prioritization, and administratively oriented supervision reduced sanitation and ventilation performance. The study recommends standardized septic systems, stronger post-construction technical verification, healthy-housing education, realistic unit budgets, and quality-oriented monitoring.

Road improvement projects require consistency between technical planning documents and field implementation to ensure that service quality, structural performance, construction time, and user safety are achieved. This article evaluates the conformity between planning and realization in the Pangkalan-Batas Jambi road improvement project in Rawas Ulu District, North Musi Rawas Regency. The study used a descriptive-quantitative evaluative approach based on field monitoring, project technical documents, comparative quantity analysis between contract and Contract Change Order (CCO), and identification of implementation constraints. The results showed that several work items changed during construction because initial planning data did not fully capture actual field conditions. Quantities increased for drainage excavation (+18.87%), roadbed preparation (+8.99%), aggregate class A base course (+12.51%), and AC-Base (+11.98%). Conversely, reinforced pipe culverts decreased (-58.33%), unsealed aggregate base/sirtu decreased (-43.50%), and tack/prime coat volume slightly decreased (-0.47%). The time schedule showed a minor delay of -0.13% in the first week but recovered in the second week, indicating effective field coordination. Main constraints included traffic interference, limited worker visibility, and equipment visibility. The study recommends more detailed site surveys during planning, stronger traffic management, stricter occupational safety implementation, systematic progress control, and routine post-construction maintenance to maintain road service life.