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Abstract. The digital era has brought significant changes across various sectors of life, including the economy. The continuously evolving digital technology presents new opportunities and challenges, particularly in the implementation of Islamic economics in Indonesia. This article aims to analyze the innovations and implementation of Islamic economics in facing the developments of the digital era. The theoretical review covers the principles of Islamic economics, technology in the digital era, and the role of digital technology in the context of Islamic economics. This research employs a literature review method to understand various innovations and implementations in Islamic economics. The study results show that Islamic fintech, blockchain, Islamic crowdfunding, and collaboration with E-Commerce marketplaces have had a positive impact by enhancing access, transparency, and efficiency in financial transactions. By leveraging technological innovations, Islamic economics can contribute to creating an inclusive and sustainable economic system, benefiting individuals and society as a whole. Keywords: Digital Era, sharia economics, Technological Innovation   Abstrak. Era digital telah membawa perubahan signifikan di berbagai sektor kehidupan, termasuk ekonomi. Teknologi digital yang terus berkembang memberikan peluang dan tantangan baru, khususnya dalam implementasi ekonomi syariah di Indonesia. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis inovasi dan implementasi ekonomi syariah dalam menghadapi perkembangan era digital. Kajian teori mencakup prinsip-prinsip ekonomi syariah, teknologi di era digital, dan peran teknologi digital dalam konteks ekonomi syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kajian literatur untuk memahami berbagai inovasi dan implementasi dalam ekonomi syariah. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa fintech syariah, blockchain, crowdfunding syariah, dan kolaborasi dengan E-Commerce marketplace telah membawa dampak positif dengan meningkatkan akses, transparansi, dan efisiensi transaksi keuangan. Dengan memanfaatkan inovasi teknologi, ekonomi syariah dapat berkontribusi dalam menciptakan sistem ekonomi yang inklusif dan berkelanjutan, menguntungkan individu dan masyarakat secara keseluruhan. Kata kunci: Era Digital, Ekonomi Syariah, Inovasi Teknologi

The growth of blockchain technology has created significant demand for Solidity developers, especially in the development of smart contracts. This research presents the latest data regarding the surge in job vacancies for Solidity Blockchain Developers in Indonesia, highlighting more than 5,000 vacancies in October 2022 according to Tech in Asia. Meanwhile, a report from the United Nations Environment Agency (UNEP) confirms the escalation of the global plastic waste and waste problem. With more than 380 million tons of plastic waste generated every year, and only a small portion being recycled, plastic waste poses a serious threat to marine and terrestrial ecosystems. In addition, the impact of climate change is increasing with methane produced from organic waste in conventional landfills.

The rise of digital currencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum has reshaped the landscape of global trade and financial transactions. This study investigates how digital currencies are influencing international accounting practices, focusing on the challenges and opportunities posed by this disruptive technology. By analyzing case studies from major economies, the paper explores the potential for blockchain to enhance transparency, streamline cross-border payments, and ensure better tax compliance. The findings suggest that while digital currencies provide efficiency gains, they also introduce regulatory and volatility risks that must be managed by accounting professionals globally.

In the current disruptive era, environmental challenges are increasingly complex with pressure on natural resources and sustainability. In this context, optimizing digital technology is crucial for providing innovative solutions. This research aims to explore the role of digital-based technology, such as Internet of Things (IoT), intelligence (AI) and blockchain systems in overcoming environmental challenges. In-depth analysis was carried out to identify how the application of these technologies has influenced conventional paradigms, provided efficiencies, and strengthened risk mitigation efforts against negative environmental impacts. Wise integration and optimization of digital technology not only provides solutions to today's environmental challenges, but also provides opportunities for future revolution. By maximally utilizing the potential of digital technology, it is hoped that a system that is more adaptive and responsive to environmental changes can be created. Through this article, it is hoped that it can provide deeper insight into how digital technology can be a catalyst in efforts to maintain environmental sustainability amidst the turmoil of the disruptive era.

This research aims to determine and analyze the urgency of Sirekap in calculating alternatives for 2024 election and the problems in recapitulating votes for the 2024 election using Sirekap and also how to solve the problems in recapitulating votes using Sirekap. This research uses normative juridical research methods, research by browse or ready-to-use document materials. This research uses primary legal materials, namely legal materials originating from statutory regulations, such as Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, PKPU No. 25 Tahun 2023 Tentang Pemungutan dan Perhitungan Suara dalam Pemilihan Umum, but also utilizing secondary legal materials such as relevant journals and books as well as tertiary legal materials in the form of data and facts from the internet. The research results show that the use of Sirekap in the 2024 election is faced with a number of challenges and obstacles that need to be solve. One of the main challenges is data and system hacking, which could threaten the integrity and validity of election results. Apart from that, the lack of transparency in the use of Sirekap is also a major concern. The solution uses a blockchain base that can identify and provide identity security for people who use Sirekap, blockchain technology also provides a high level of security. It is hoped that the application of blockchain technology can be an option for solving various problems, especially in the 2024 election process which is direct, free, confidential, honest and fair. However, implementing blockchain technology for elections requires attention to security, regulatory, operational and broad technology adoption challenges.

Blockchain, originally developed as the technology behind cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, has gained attention for its potential to revolutionize cybersecurity. It offers a promising solution to the vulnerabilities of centralized systems by decentralizing data storage and implementing advanced encryption techniques. Blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies have presented significant challenges in the realm of cyber law to regulate them in the future, varying blockchain and crypto regulatory approaches in various countries, including regulations on crypto exchanges, ICOs, and compliance with anti- money laundering ( AML) regulations. and getting to know customers (KYC). explores the issue of data protection in blockchain transactions and i ts implications for cyber law, as well as the legality and enforcement of smart contracts. the impact of cryptocurrency use on cyber law, including challenges in tax compliance, law enforcement, and consumer protection. In the midst of various complexities regarding the direction of regulation of blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies in cyber law. with blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies and prepare views to face future challenges.

The rapid evolution of smart cities, driven by the integration of technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain, has brought about significant advancements in urban infrastructure and services. However, these developments also introduce new cybersecurity challenges. Introduction: Smart cities are increasingly vulnerable to cyber threats due to the extensive use of interconnected devices and systems. A key security concern is the management of digital identities, which is essential for maintaining the integrity and reliability of city services. Literature Review: Traditional centralized identity management systems face significant security issues, including a single point of failure, data breaches, and limited user control over personal information. In contrast, decentralized solutions, particularly blockchain-based systems, offer enhanced security through their distributed nature, eliminating vulnerabilities associated with centralized models. Materials and Method: This research focuses on blockchain technology’s application in smart city identity management. A decentralized framework is proposed, leveraging cryptographic techniques, consensus mechanisms, and smart contracts to ensure data security, integrity, and privacy. Results and Discussion: The implementation of blockchain for identity management significantly improves attack tolerance, data integrity, and transparency. The decentralized approach mitigates the risks associated with central authorities, ensuring that user data remains secure and verifiable. However, scalability, interoperability, and regulatory compliance challenges remain. Blockchain solutions must be optimized for large-scale smart city applications and aligned with legal standards to achieve widespread adoption. Future research should focus on overcoming these challenges to create a more secure and resilient smart city infrastructure.

Perkembangan teknologi yang pesat telah mengubah lanskap ekonomi secara signifikan, membawa ke era yang dikenal sebagai Ekonomi 5.0. Era ini ditandai dengan integrasi teknologi canggih seperti kecerdasan buatan (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), dan blockchain ke dalam kegiatan bisnis, menciptakan efisiensi yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya. Di tengah transformasi ini, bisnis digital atau e-business telah menjadi pusat perhatian, memungkinkan perusahaan untuk berinteraksi secara lebih efisien dengan pelanggan, pemasok, dan mitra bisnis lainnya. Sementara itu, Industri 5.0 menandai fase transisi dari Industri 4.0, dengan fokus yang lebih besar pada kesejahteraan manusia dan solusi inovatif untuk tantangan global. Dalam menghadapi era ini, penting bagi perusahaan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan digital, membangun budaya inovasi, dan memperkuat kemitraan strategis dengan pemangku kepentingan eksternal. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini mengusulkan strategi adaptasi dan inovasi untuk menghadapi Ekonomi 5.0, dengan tujuan menciptakan ekosistem ekonomi yang inklusif, berkelanjutan, dan berdampak positif bagi semua pihak yang terlibat

This article aims to find out the validity of the Civil Code smart contact.  It is hoped that the results of this research can be used by parties, especially people who have started carrying out transaction and contract activities using blockchain technology in the form of smart contracts.  This research method uses normative law, the use of legal materials includes primary and secondary legal materials, through data collection techniques in the form of literature studies.  A conceptual approach and a statutory approach were used in this research.  The data analysis technique used is a deductive data analysis technique using the syllogism method.  The validity of an agreement is assessed based on an understanding of article 1313 and the main elements of the validity of an agreement based on article 1320 along with the principle of freedom of contract in article 1338 of the Civil Code.  It is necessary to understand that smart contracts are required to fulfill the terms of the agreement in their implementation

Smart grids incorporate IoT devices that enhance energy management, monitoring, and overall grid efficiency. However, this interconnectivity also increases vulnerability to cybersecurity threats, posing risks to critical infrastructure. This research investigates the implementation of blockchain technology to secure data transactions within IoT-based smart grids. By leveraging blockchain's decentralized, tamper-resistant characteristics, the study demonstrates improvements in data integrity and cybersecurity for smart grids, providing a potential framework for resilient and secure energy infrastructures.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana teknologi blockchain dapat meningkatkan transparansi dan akuntabilitas dalam keuangan Islam. Metode penelitian dengan melakukan tinjauan sistematis terhadap literatur yang ada, penelitian ini mengumpulkan data dari berbagai sumber termasuk artikel jurnal, internet, dan buku, menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa blockchain meningkatkan keamanan data, transparansi transaksi, dan memiliki sistem yang bersifat desentralisasi. Ini relevan dengan kebutuhan transparansi dan akuntabilitas dalam keuangan Islam, seperti dalam praktik zakat dan wakaf. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa penerapan blockchain dapat memberikan perbaikan signifikan dalam transparansi dan akuntabilitas di sektor keuangan Islam. Implikasinya meliputi potensi untuk memperkuat kepercayaan publik dan efisiensi dalam pengelolaan keuangan Islam, sekaligus menghadapi tantangan dalam kepatuhan syariah dan adaptasi teknologi.

This paper explores the relationship between digital transformation and entrepreneurial innovation within emerging economies. As the world becomes increasingly digitized, entrepreneurs are leveraging new technologies to innovate and create disruptive solutions. The study examines how digital tools, such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and cloud computing, are being utilized by entrepreneurs to enhance productivity, streamline operations, and develop new business models. The research highlights key success factors, challenges, and opportunities faced by entrepreneurs in emerging markets and provides recommendations for integrating digital transformation into entrepreneurial strategies.

The rapid growth of cross-platform applications has significantly increased the volume and diversity of sensitive user data processed across heterogeneous and distributed environments. Personally identifiable information, device identifiers, behavioral data, and financial information are routinely collected to support personalization, analytics, and service optimization. While these practices enhance application functionality and user experience, they also introduce substantial privacy risks, including unauthorized data access, device fingerprint–based re-identification, cross-user data leakage, and large-scale data breaches. These risks are further amplified by distributed processing architectures and extensive third-party library integrations commonly used in modern cross-platform systems. This study aims to systematically analyze privacy issues in cross-platform applications by examining the types of sensitive data involved, identifying dominant privacy threats, and reviewing state-of-the-art privacy-preserving mitigation strategies. A systematic literature-based methodology was employed, focusing on recent Scopus-indexed journal articles, conference papers, and book chapters. The analysis synthesizes findings using thematic categorization and a conceptual research framework that maps sensitive data sources to privacy threats and corresponding mitigation mechanisms. The results indicate that privacy risks in cross-platform applications originate not only from external attacks but also from internal architectural weaknesses, such as flawed authorization logic and excessive data sharing across system components. Privacy-preserving techniques including differential privacy, federated learning, blockchain-based data governance, secure multi-party computation, and fine-grained access control mechanisms are shown to provide stronger privacy guarantees compared to conventional centralized approaches. However, these techniques also present trade-offs related to system complexity and performance. Overall, the study highlights the importance of adopting a multi-layered, privacy-by-design approach to ensure sustainable, trustworthy, and regulation-compliant cross-platform application development.

This study investigates sustainable Islamic business models through a qualitative case study of green-tech startups in Central Java, Indonesia. Using semi-structured interviews with founders, managers, and employees, complemented by secondary data from business reports and sustainability disclosures, the research examines how Islamic ethical principles, including stewardship (khalifah), social welfare (maslahah), and justice (adl), are integrated into operational practices and sustainability strategies. The purposive selection of 3–5 startups enables an in-depth exploration of organizational decision-making, innovation adoption, and environmental and social performance. Thematic analysis identifies recurring patterns in ethical integration, technological innovation, and sustainability outcomes. Findings reveal that Islamic startups effectively embed ethical values into operations, fostering environmental accountability through renewable energy initiatives, waste reduction, and resource optimization, while enhancing community engagement and equitable service delivery. Technological innovations such as IoT, AI, and blockchain further support sustainability performance, enabling startups to monitor and optimize environmental outcomes without compromising financial viability. Comparative analysis demonstrates that Islamic startups outperform non-Islamic counterparts in key sustainability metrics, including carbon reduction and social impact, highlighting the competitive advantage of ethics-driven entrepreneurship. Overall, the study confirms that Islamic ethical frameworks foster both environmental accountability and technological innovation, providing a practical model for sustainable development in emerging economies. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, investors, and entrepreneurs seeking to align ethical, social, and environmental objectives with business strategy.

In the era of technology 4.0, Indonesia is pursuing progress through the adoption of smart contracts on the blockchain. The government responded to this by establishing technology regulations to address emerging challenges. Legal principles demonstrate their adaptability in the digital era by utilizing information technology to build a modern legal and administrative framework, in line with the vision of industrial development 4.0. This normative juridical legal research evaluates the application of legal norms in a concrete context, using statutory and conceptual approaches. Data collection was carried out through literature study using primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. Data analysis uses qualitative descriptive methods. Smart contracts are increasingly widely used, especially in electronic transactions such as stock trading, crypto and hotel reservations. As a form of electronic agreement, smart contracts facilitate the automation of contract processes. However, its use must comply with the law and technology neutral principles in the ITE Law. Even though it is automatic, this technology is recognized as an Electronic Agent in accordance with Article 1 Number 8 of the ITE Law. The validity of these automated contracts is only questioned if it is proven that the automated system is problematic. Smart contracts in Indonesia are recognized in the context of contract law based on freedom of contract and the legal basis of the Civil Code. This recognition occurs because the Civil Code is open and complementary. However, the use of smart contracts must comply with statutory regulations, principles of decency and public order. Regulations governing smart contracts include the ITE Law, PP PTSE, and PP PMSE. These three regulations stipulate the procedures for using electronic contracts, providing a clear legal basis for the implementation of smart contracts.

Blockchain platforms propagate into every facet, including managing medical services with professional and patient-centered applications. With its sensitive nature, record privacy has become imminent with medical services for patient diagnosis and treatments. The nature of medical records has continued to necessitate their availability, reachability, accessibility, security, mobility, and confidentiality. Challenges to these include authorized transfer of patient records on referral, security across platforms, content diversity, platform interoperability, etc. These, are today – demystified with blockchain-based apps, which proffers platform/application services to achieve data features associated with the nature of the records. We use a permissioned-blockchain for healthcare record management. Our choice of permission mode with a hyper-fabric ledger that uses a world-state on a peer-to-peer chain – is that its smart contracts do not require a complex algorithm to yield controlled transparency for users. Its actors include patients, practitioners, and health-related officers as users to create, retrieve, and store patient medical records and aid interoperability. With a population of 500, the system yields a transaction (query and https) response time of 0.56 seconds and 0.42 seconds, respectively. To cater to platform scalability and accessibility, the system yielded 0.78 seconds and 063 seconds, respectively, for 2500 users.

Cloud computing has revolutionized data storage and management; however, security and privacy concerns remain critical challenges. This paper explores the integration of blockchain technology to enhance data security in cloud environments. A decentralized approach ensures data integrity, authentication, and tamper resistance. The proposed framework leverages smart contracts to enforce access control policies efficiently. Simulation results indicate that our model significantly improves data security without compromising system performance.

Cloud computing has revolutionized data storage and management; however, security and privacy concerns remain critical challenges. This paper explores the integration of blockchain technology to enhance data security in cloud environments. A decentralized approach ensures data integrity, authentication, and tamper resistance. The proposed framework leverages smart contracts to enforce access control policies efficiently. Simulation results indicate that our model significantly improves data security without compromising system performance.

urrently, the implementation of IoT devices has been widely utilized by various parties in supporting the increasingly complex aspects of human life. IoT devices have become a favorite among hardware and software developers due to their ease of use and flexibility in adapting to the evolving systems of today. One of the uses of IoT is in the realm of digital economics, where digital economy represents a new way of prioritizing technology and ease in the buying and selling transaction process between sellers and buyers. In the past, payment processes for goods or services used to involve paper money and coins, but nowadays, payments are made using digital media. However, the current digital payment methods still rely on centralized storage technology. Therefore, if the data held at the center is damaged or compromised, it can disrupt the flow of financial transactions, and user data privacy becomes a subsequent concern. 

Healthcare is an aspect that possibly to use of blockchain technology, for example for historical treatment, health insurance and patient medical records. In health services, personal health data will be recorded in the form of a blockchain. This research explains its mechanism and implementation in the healthcare field. On the other hand, this study also discussed the vulnerability caused by the mechanism that applies in the blockchain.