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The development of digital technology has driven the  increasing use of e-modules as interactive learning media that support  independent and collaborative learning. The integration of pedagogical approaches and multimedia technology makes e-modules increasingly adaptive and effective in developing higher-order thinking skills. This study aims to map trends in the development and utilization of e-modules through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR)  of Scopus articles published in 2020–2024. From the selection process, 20 articles were analyzed based on their pedagogical approach, as well as the media and digital platforms used. The study results show that pedagogical approaches such as Problem-Based Learning, STEM, SETS, Discovery Learning, and Guided Inquiry have been consistently proven to improve critical thinking skills, learning outcomes, and 21st-century competencies. From a technological perspective, Android and flipbook platforms are the primary choices due to their flexible access and multimedia support such as video, animation, simulations, and interactive quizzes. These findings emphasize the importance of developing systematic, pedagogically-based e-modules supported by interactive multimedia.  Further research is needed to explore the integration of AR/VR, gamification, and artificial intelligence.   

This community service program aims to enhance students’ knowledge and awareness regarding natural cosmetic formulations through training on the development of a natural deodorant balm, “Nature DeoBalm.” The activity was conducted at the Entrepreneurship Laboratory of UIN Palangka Raya and involved fifth-semester students of the Biology Education Department as participants. The training integrates promotive and applicative approaches, combining theoretical education on the risks of synthetic deodorants with direct observation of the production process for natural deodorant balm. The program emphasized the use of safe, plant-based ingredients such as beeswax, coconut oil, shea butter, vitamin E, and essential oils, which are known for their antibacterial, moisturizing, and skin-protecting properties. The implementation included several stages: preparation, material presentation, demonstration of the formulation process, product observation, evaluation, and documentation. Results showed that students demonstrated increased understanding of natural cosmetic components, formulation techniques, and the benefits of natural deodorants. They also developed a heightened awareness of environmentally friendly personal care products and showed interest in exploring entrepreneurial opportunities in herbal-based cosmetics. This program highlights the importance of introducing natural cosmetic innovation in higher education environments as a way to build scientific literacy, practical skills, and entrepreneurial competence. Overall, the activity successfully provided meaningful learning experiences and promoted the utilization of natural ingredients as sustainable alternatives to synthetic deodorant products.

The primary purpose of this activity is to enhance the capabilities of micro, small, and medium enterprises (UMKM) in managing wet cake production in a more hygienic and efficient way in order to generate products with higher market value. The skill development emphasizes technical improvements in the production process by prioritizing cleanliness, food safety, and consistent quality, as well as increasing efficiency in the utilization of raw materials and labor. This activity was implemented for UMKM operating under Dynala Food in Gentengan Hamlet, Padang Village, Singojuruh District, Banyuwangi. In addition to production aspects, the program also aims to strengthen marketing strategies at both local and digital levels, enabling tofu and wet cake products to be more easily accessed by consumers. The implementation was conducted through door-to-door visits and direct field observations. The program stages included socialization, hands-on training, technology application, mentoring, evaluation, and achievement of program objectives. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted to identify challenges, formulate concrete action plans, and support the adoption of technology and digitalization in business development.

The Professional Work Lecture (KKP) at the Makassar Class I Prison aims to support the process of fostering Correctional Assisted Citizens (WBP) through recreational activities based on fun games. This program was implemented in response to the condition of WBPs who often experience boredom, psychological stress, and limitations in positive activities during the coaching period. This study uses a descriptive approach with data collection techniques in the form of questionnaires, observations, and interviews involving 30 WBPs, to identify needs and evaluate the impact of the implementation of activities. Fun games activities are carried out through several stages, namely planning, preparation, implementation, and evaluation, by adjusting the conditions and rules that apply in the prison environment. The results of the implementation show that this activity is able to create a more positive atmosphere, increase a sense of togetherness, and help WBP in expressing and managing emotions in a healthier way. The results of the post-activity survey showed that 19 WBPs stated that they were very satisfied and 18 WBPs felt very happy after participating in fun games. Thus, fun games activities have proven to be effective as a coaching strategy that supports the improvement of the psychological welfare of WBP and can be used as an alternative to non-formal coaching programs in correctional institutions.

Cross-cultural ministry is a tangible manifestation of the Great Commission of Christ, which calls the church to reach all nations without geographical or cultural boundaries. This article describes the experience of spiritual ministry among the diaspora Christian community in the Middle East conducted by a team from the Kerusso Theological Seminary of Indonesia. The activity not only aimed to strengthen the faith of the congregation living under cultural and social pressures but also served as a means of nurturing contextual Christian spirituality and character. Through revival services, Bible teaching, and pastoral accompaniment, the congregation experienced a genuine transformation of faith—from weakness to steadfastness and hope. This study affirms that cross-cultural ministry is not merely a mission activity but a concrete expression of transformative and participatory Christian education. It demonstrates that when ministry is carried out with contextual understanding and empathy, profound spiritual change can occur even amid intercultural challenges.

This systematic literature review examines research trends in problem-based learning (PBL) within blended learning contexts by analyzing 64 peer-reviewed articles from Scopus database published between2020-2024. Using PRISMA methodology, this study identifies key patterns including the dominance of medical education contexts (71.9%), the significant impact of COVID-19 pandemic on pedagogical innovations, and the prevalence of experimental research designs (34.4%). Findings reveal that blended learning emerged as the most researched approach (61%), followed by online/distance learning (23%) and flipped classroom models (11%). The analysis indicates increasing publication trends in 2022 and 2024, with Education Sciences and BMC Medical Education as leading publication venues. This review highlights research gaps in engineering and technology education contexts, limited exploration of long-term learning outcomes, and insufficient mixed-methods studies. These findings provide valuable insights for educators, researchers, and policymakers in designing effective learning strategies that integrate problem-based and blended learning approaches in diverse educational settings.

This Community Service Program was conducted to enhance the competencies of supervisors in the logistics and transportation division of an international cargo company through leadership training tailored to the characteristics of Generation Z. The program aimed to strengthen participants’ capabilities in managing workplace dynamics, improving team communication, and promoting more effective performance through a flexible leadership approach. The training was held on November 18, 2025, at the company’s head office in Bekasi and was attended by 16 supervisors. The methods used included material presentations, group discussions, case study analysis, and an interactive question-and-answer session. The results indicate an increased understanding among participants regarding Generation Z work behavior, appropriate leadership principles, and more adaptive management strategies. This program is expected to provide sustainable benefits for human resource development and to enhance leadership effectiveness within the logistics sector.

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), including those engaged in cassava chip production, play a significant role in the Indonesian economy. However, many MSMEs encounter difficulties in determining the factors that can support their success and designing strategies to remain competitive. This study explores the cassava chip producer “Nek Surati” through an analysis of marketing, technical, and operational aspects. The method used in this study is qualitative-descriptive with a case study approach involving in-depth interviews. The findings from this study indicate that the company has high sustainability potential, thanks to efficient product management, product variety, and operational efficiency. However, issues such as commodity price fluctuations and dependence on the harvest season remain challenges that need to be addressed. Strategies to overcome risks, including commodity inventory management and the development of digital marketing methods, were found to be the main solutions. With the implementation of risk management and optimization of marketing strategies, this business shows bright prospects for growth and contribution to the development of the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises sector.

In recent years, there have been more and more cases of misuse of social media accounts, especially Instagram, through hacking carried out by individuals for illegal purposes. These hacks often involve using the victim's account for fraudulent actions, such as requesting money via the direct messaging feature to the account's followers. This problem raises a number of legal questions, including how the law regulates hacking and fraud on social media platforms such as Instagram, as well as the types of criminal sanctions that can be imposed on perpetrators. This research uses a normative legal approach to analyze existing regulations, especially the Information and Electronic Transactions Law (UU ITE). Based on the ITE Law, hacking is defined as an illegal activity to access, take or transfer electronic system data without permission, which can be subject to criminal penalties in the form of imprisonment and/or fines. In addition, if hacking is followed by fraud, the perpetrator can be charged with additional articles related to fraud as regulated in the Criminal Code (KUHP). This research also highlights the important role of social media organizers in protecting users through developing security features such as data verification. It is hoped that the results of this research can contribute to strengthening legal protection for social media users in the digital era.

Cognitive concentration constitutes a pivotal determinant within the educational process; when an individual exhibits impaired attentional capacity, the instructional input received is unlikely to be effectively encoded into neural pathways or long-term memory, thereby rendering the expenditure of effort, time, and resources essentially futile. This investigation sought to elucidate the associative dynamics among breakfast consumption patterns, levels of physical activity, and sleep quality in relation to academic concentration among students in Grades X and XI within the North Bogor District. Employing a cross-sectional methodological framework, the study encompassed 101 participants whose selection adhered to an observational analytic approach. Empirical data pertaining to breakfast behavior, physical activity, sleep quality, and concentration performance were acquired through standardized self-administered questionnaires. Analytical procedures were conducted using the chi-square statistical test. The inferential findings demonstrated a statistically significant association between breakfast habits (p = 0.002) and sleep quality (p = 0.008) with learning concentration, whereas physical activity exhibited no significant correlation (p = 0.831). Accordingly, the study substantiates that breakfast regularity and sleep quality are meaningfully interrelated with students’ concentration levels, while physical activity does not manifest a measurable relationship with concentration outcomes

Air pollution and damage to the earth are central world problems and are threats that will occur if humans continue to cause damage to this earth. Pollution on earth is very clear is the increasing amount of organic and non-organic waste, in activities to meet the needs of society, the end result is waste, both waste generated from the needs of clothing, food and shelter, if not handled properly and correctly will threaten the survival of society and threaten the ecology in the world, Organic and non-organic waste must be handled with good management. Management as a tool for organizational management in a society is expected to play an important role in providing education and understanding to the community about the impacts and dangers caused by the increase in waste due to human activities, so that it can strengthen the culture and ethics of society in managing waste so that it will increase the creative abilities of society, creativity, taste and intention in managing waste. The type of research conducted by the author is included in the category of qualitative research literature study method researchers to collect and evaluate information from various previous studies, thus providing a comprehensive understanding of the subject under study.

A clear national insight can guarantee the achievement of national interests, both internally and externally. This means that national insight provides a clear picture and direction for the nation's survival, as well as the future development of the nation and state. The organization of national and state life must proceed on the basis of mutual agreement, namely Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution, the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), and Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Unity in Diversity). Indonesia's existence as a state based on the rule of law (rechtstaat) based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution requires the development of Pancasila ideology and national insight as instruments that serve as catalysts or drivers in strengthening national insight and spirit, love of the homeland, democracy, legal awareness, respect for diversity, and participation in building a Pancasila-based nation in Wonogiri, especially among intellectuals. In accordance with its function, the Pancasila Ideology and National Insight Development organizes national, democratic, legal, multicultural and citizenship education to support the realization of citizens who are aware of their rights and obligations, as well as intelligent, skilled and have character so that they can be relied upon to build the nation and the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.

This article discusses the application of service learning as an educational approach that supports the preservation of cultural heritage and the strengthening of sustainable tourism in Batu Caves, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. As one of the most important Hindu temple complexes in Southeast Asia, Batu Caves has become a symbol of cultural diversity and interreligious harmony. However, increased tourism activity has brought about various problems, such as environmental pollution, waste management issues, and the erosion of cultural values among visitors. To address these challenges, service-learning programs integrate academic theory with direct participation in the community, allowing students to actively engage in environmental conservation, cultural documentation, and the development of public education initiatives. Thru collaboration with temple managers, local communities, and tourists, students applied management concepts in real-world situations, including cleaning activities, maintaining tourist areas, developing educational materials on eco-tourism, and preserving traditional rituals thru cultural archiving. The implementation of this service learning not only enriches students' learning experiences but also raises public awareness about the importance of preserving Batu Caves as a sustainable cultural heritage site. Overall, this project demonstrates that service learning is a transformative pedagogical approach that connects academic goals with community development and cultivates future leaders who are socially responsible and culturally sensitive.

This Community Service (PKM) activity aims to improve artificial intelligence (AI) literacy in students majoring in Visual Communication Design (DKV) at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Palembang through Canva-based training. The development of AI technology has brought about a significant change in the world of graphic design, where features such as Magic Design, Text-to-Image, and Background Remover are now widely used to support the creative process. However, most vocational school students are still passive users, lacking an understanding of the AI principles behind the technology. Through a Project-Based Learning (PjBL) and Active Learning approach with a demo–practice–reflection model, this activity is designed so that students are not only able to use the AI features in Canva, but also understand the work concepts, benefits, and ethics of using them. The activity was conducted over two days, involving 30 DKV class XI students. The evaluation of the results showed a significant increase in the aspects of understanding AI concepts (48%), motivation to learn design (35%), and creativity of works (32%). Students also show an increase in learning independence and digital ethical awareness. These results confirm that AI-based learning through Canva is effective in building AI literacy, creativity, and student readiness to face the technology-based creative industry. This activity is recommended to be expanded to teachers and other departments to strengthen digital literacy in the vocational education environment.  

Minang Rua Beach in South Lampung possesses significant tourism potential that has not been optimally utilized, primarily due to the lack of creative promotional events and limited community skills in event management. This community service aimed to enhance the capacity of the local Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis) and youth in designing, managing, and promoting tourism events effectively. The method employed was a participatory training approach that included lectures, discussions, and hands-on practice covering creative event design, logistics management, budgeting (RAB), and digital promotion strategies. The training activities were met with high enthusiasm and active participation from the community members. The participants gained new, practical knowledge and skills in event planning and promotion, as demonstrated by their active engagement during interactive sessions and simulations. The improved capacity of the local community is expected to foster the independent and sustainable organization of creative events, thereby enhancing the destination's attractiveness and increasing tourist visits. Event Training, Tourism Promotion, Community Empowerment, Tourism Village, Minang Rua Beach.

This community service activity aims to optimize the utilization of woodcraft waste and broken tiles in Tamansari Village through training in briquette charcoal production and effective marketing strategies. The wood waste, which has not been optimally utilized and has become an environmental issue, is expected to be processed into high-economic-value products. The conversion of waste into briquette charcoal is expected to reduce pollution while opening up new environmentally-friendly business opportunities. The implementation method includes socialization on the potential and benefits of briquette charcoal, technical training covering material preparation, carbonization process, mixing, molding, and drying, as well as assistance with marketing strategies both offline and digitally. Participants include local residents, small business owners, and craftsmen. The expected outcomes are an increase in the community's skills in processing waste into marketable products, the growth of new businesses based on alternative energy, and increased awareness of environmentally-friendly waste management. This program is expected to make Tamansari Village a model for creative, independent, and environmentally-conscious villages with strong competitiveness in the local economy.

This community service activity aims to introduce and train students in the process of making AromaKara, a natural air freshener made from kitchen spices as a substitute for artificial fragrances containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The method applied in this community service activity is the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method, namely training and direct instruction which was carried out on Thursday, November 20, 2025, at 07.00 WIB at MTsN 1 Palangka Raya City, with a focus on 32 students in grades 8-1. The results of this activity showed an increase in students' understanding of the risks of using synthetic fragrances, the benefits of using natural ingredients, and environmental awareness. Students were also able to make Aromakara products independently and showed high interest during the activity. This training played a role in strengthening students' environmental literacy, scientific literacy, and entrepreneurial interests. Overall, this community service activity demonstrated the effectiveness of experiential learning in the MBKM program and the potential for sustainable development within the school environment.

The background of this activity is based on the low level of literacy among the community and the suboptimal use of mosque libraries as educational public spaces. This community service activity aims to strengthen the culture of literacy through the implementation of service learning at the Penyengat Mosque Library, Penyengat Island, Tanjungpinang City. The community service was carried out using a participatory approach through four main stages: needs identification, activity planning, programme implementation, and evaluation. The activities carried out included reading classes, discussions on books with Islamic and Malay cultural themes, and literacy visits to introduce the library's collection to the community. The results showed an increase in community enthusiasm for reading activities and strengthened the library's function as a centre for intellectual da'wah and community learning. For students, this activity provided contextual learning experiences and developed communication, leadership, and social empathy skills. Overall, this programme was effective in building a literacy ecosystem based on religious values and local culture.

Household waste management remains a critical challenge in creating clean and sustainable residential environments. Manual monitoring methods often lead to delayed waste collection, overflowing bins, and operational inefficiency. This community engagement program implements an Internet of Things (IoT)-based Smart Trash Monitoring SIstem (STMS) at Graha Panyindangan Estate, Indramayu. The sIstem utilizes ultrasonic sensors and ESP32 microcontrollers to detect the fill level of household waste containers and transmit data in real time to a user-accessible dashboard. The results demonstrate that the STMS provides accurate waste-level information, reduces manual inspections, enhances collection efficiency, and fosters data-driven behavior among residents. Social changes also emerged, including improved environmental awareness, new social norms, and the emergence of local leaders supporting sIstem sustainability. This program contributes to the realization of smart living in modern residential communities, ensuring better waste management, cleaner environments, and more sustainable practices for future generations. It also provides valuable insights into the role of technology in addressing environmental issues at the community level.

The Rumah Merah Melaka heritage tourist area has an important historical value, but the information received by tourists about its historical value is still limited, so the understanding gained by tourists is not optimal. This community service activity aims to increase the historical literacy of tourists and the involvement of local business actors in cultural preservation through the provision of educational media and mentoring with participatory methods oriented to the needs of the target community. The implementation stages include observation to identify the information needs of tourists and the role of local communities, the preparation of historical educational media according to the socio-cultural context, the implementation of direct education to tourists, and the assistance of local business actors as independent distributors of cultural information. The results show an increase in tourists' interest in the historical information provided, changes in tourist behavior in paying attention to cultural values, and the active participation of local business actors in the delivery of historical information. This program is expected to contribute to improving the quality of tourism experiences, strengthening the capacity of local communities, and supporting the sustainability of heritage preservation through collaboration between the community, local business actors, and visitors.