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Abstract. The Single Presence Policy (SPP) was implemented in Indonesia since 1998 with the aim of maintaining the stability and resilience of the national financial system. Amid the threat of a predicted global recession, the relevance of SPP in maintaining the health, resilience, and competitiveness of Indonesian banking becomes important to be studied. This research uses a normative juridical legal research method with a qualitative approach. Data was collected through library research and analyzed descriptively. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relevance of SPP in maintaining the health, resilience, and competitiveness of Indonesian banking in facing a recession. The research results are expected to provide input for regulators and banks in formulating appropriate policies to maintain the stability and resilience of the national financial system.   Keywords: Single Presence Policy, bank health, bank resilience, bank competitiveness, recession).

This study analyzes the transformation of economic education towards educational investment as a means of strengthening human resources (HR) through a bibliometric approach. By utilizing Scopus basic data and the VOSviewer analysis tool, the study examines the trends in publications over the past ten years, focusing on key areas such as educational economics, educational investment, and HR development. The findings highlight that innovations in educational economics, including the integration of digital technology, project-based learning, and collaborations between educational institutions, government, and industry, are crucial in enhancing the effectiveness of educational investments. Additionally, the study reveals that the proper allocation of educational funds for infrastructure development, improving teaching quality, and implementing skills-based training programs significantly contributes to increasing workforce competitiveness and promoting sustainable economic growth. The research emphasizes that educational investment strategies must be aligned with the needs of industry and global challenges to foster adaptive and innovative human resources. Moreover, it stresses the importance of designing educational policies that are comprehensive, addressing the aspirations of individuals and the relevance of education to the labor market. Ultimately, the study offers valuable academic insights and practical recommendations for policymakers, educational institutions, and other stakeholders. It also provides guidance for developing effective strategies that optimize educational investment and support the cultivation of superior HR capable of driving future economic progress.

This study explores the application of green hydrogen technology for industrial decarbonization, focusing on its techno-economic and environmental feasibility. A quantitative approach was used, incorporating system modeling of a solar-based hydrogen production system combined with electrolyzers. The techno-economic assessment involved calculating the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH), estimating capital and operational expenditures (CAPEX and OPEX), and evaluating the system's energy efficiency and hydrogen output. The environmental impact was analyzed using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), comparing the carbon footprint of green hydrogen with fossil-based hydrogen. The results reveal that green hydrogen can reduce carbon emissions by up to 60% compared to fossil hydrogen, primarily due to the use of renewable energy for production. Additionally, the study found significant improvements in energy efficiency as electrolyzer performance and solar capacity increased. The LCOH is expected to decrease steadily as solar panel and electrolyzer prices continue to fall, enhancing the competitiveness of green hydrogen in the energy market. The findings also highlight the potential for heavy industries, such as cement and steel production, to transition from fossil fuels to green hydrogen, contributing to a cleaner industrial energy mix. This transition presents both environmental and economic benefits, with long-term savings from reduced fossil fuel dependency and lower production costs.

The advent of 5G technology has marked a significant shift in the telecommunications industry, offering transformative improvements in service speed, latency, and network reliability. This study explores the impact of 5G on operational efficiency and service innovation in telecom companies. By examining the operational performance of three leading telecom companies that have implemented 5G networks, the research identifies key improvements in speed, cost reduction, and resource optimization. The findings highlight that 5G has enabled companies to achieve up to 100 times faster data transfer speeds compared to previous generations, drastically reducing latency and enhancing network reliability. These improvements contribute to increased customer satisfaction, faster response times, and reduced operational costs. Additionally, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) for network management has optimized resource allocation and further enhanced the efficiency of telecom operations. The research also demonstrates how 5G has driven innovation in service offerings, such as enabling smart cities, IoT integrations, autonomous vehicles, and real-time patient monitoring in healthcare. While the deployment of 5G offers numerous benefits, the study acknowledges challenges such as high infrastructure costs, digital inequality, and regulatory hurdles. Telecom companies must invest significantly in infrastructure and navigate complex regulatory environments to fully realize the potential of 5G. The study concludes that 5G technology has the potential to reshape the telecom sector, fostering greater competitiveness, service quality, and innovation. Future research should focus on the long-term impact of 5G on customer loyalty, its expanded applications, and its role in advancing future technologies such as 6G.

 PT Hong Xin Printing Equipment is encountering obstacles in improving operational efficiency and managing human resources in the digital age. Despite the use of a fingerprint attendance system, there are concerns about errors and reduced efficiency due to manual data processing. Additional challenges arise when recording attendance for employees on business trips and manually calculating leave. To tackle these issues, the company is planning to create a web-based payroll system that will automate payroll, attendance, and leave management. The implementation of this system is anticipated to enhance efficiency and accuracy, thereby allowing the company to maintain its competitiveness in the market.

Grants are a form of financial assistance provided by individuals, organizations, or governments to recipients without repayment obligations. Grants play a significant role in social and economic development, including improving community welfare, strengthening economic capacity, and supporting infrastructure development. This study aims to analyze how grants contribute to community empowerment and economic growth while identifying challenges in their management. Using a qualitative approach based on a literature review, this study finds that well-managed grants can enhance the competitiveness of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), accelerate regional development, and support social sectors such as education and health. However, issues such as lack of transparency, weak supervision, and potential dependency among grant recipients remain significant challenges. Strengthening regulations, implementing monitoring systems, and ensuring impact-based grant distribution are recommended to improve grant effectiveness and maximize benefits for recipients.

This study analyzes and optimizes production systems in the Industry 4.0 context, examining the fundamental shift from centralized, push-based production models to decentralized, adaptive, pull-based approaches. The research employs a mixed-method approach combining comprehensive literature review and multiple case studies across manufacturing sectors. Findings reveal that integration of Internet of Things (IoT), cyber-physical systems, artificial intelligence, and big data analytics enables real-time communication between production components, product personalization, and faster decision-making. Despite significant benefits in efficiency, flexibility, and competitiveness, implementation challenges persist, including high initial investment, employee resistance, technical expertise limitations, and integration complexity. Optimization approaches such as mixed-integer linear programming, digitally-integrated Lean Six Sigma, and digital twin simulations effectively enhance performance indicators including flexibility, reliability, and energy efficiency. The study concludes that successful production system transformation requires an integrated strategy encompassing process engineering, digital competency development, change management, and continuous evaluation to ensure sustainable optimization in the digital era

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of assistance provided to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in business licensing and the implementation of modern management practices in Keruak Village. The method used involves a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews and participatory observation. The results indicate that the assistance has improved the understanding and capabilities of SME actors in managing business permits and applying modern management principles. This has had a positive impact on enhancing the competitiveness of SMEs in both local and regional markets. The study recommends the need for a sustainable and integrated assistance program to ensure the continued development of SME capacity.

This research aims to analyze the marketing strategy of AJB Bumiputera 1912 at the Medan Regional Office by considering various aspects such as market segmentation, promotional strategies, product distribution, premium policies and customer response. The research methods used include literature observation, analysis of internal company data, and interviews with relevant stakeholders. The research results show that the company has succeeded in identifying responsive market segments, implementing various promotional strategies, and building an extensive distribution network. However, there is room for improvement in each aspect of marketing. This analysis provides a strong basis for developing more effective marketing strategies in the future, with the hope of improving company performance and maintaining competitiveness in an increasingly competitive insurance market. The conclusions of this research provide comprehensive insight into the challenges and opportunities faced by AJB Bumiputera 1912 in the Medan Regional Office in optimizing their marketing strategy to achieve sustainable business goals.

This research examines the role of local ports in addressing challenges from public ports and special terminals in their vicinity. It focuses on infrastructure, efficiency, connectivity, and competitiveness, using qualitative analysis and a Likert scale questionnaire. Findings reveal that while local ports excel in certain areas, improvements in infrastructure maintenance, operational efficiency, and transport connectivity are needed. Recommendations include investing in infrastructure, improving efficiency, enhancing marketing strategies, fostering collaborations, prioritising sustainability, and focusing on customer satisfaction. Implementing these recommendations can enhance local ports' competitiveness, strengthen their position in the maritime industry, and contribute to regional economic development.

Management transformation in the shipping industry has become increasingly important with the advancement of information technology. This research aims to analyze the role of information technology in management transformation in the shipping industry. Through a literature review approach, this study explores the use of information technology in enhancing operational efficiency, facilitating faster decision-making, and improving company competitiveness. The main findings indicate that information technology has been a key driver in management transformation, with the adoption of integrated logistics management systems and real-time ship monitoring. However, challenges such as infrastructure complexity, data security issues, and resource constraints are also identified in the implementation of information technology. Effective mitigation strategies are needed to address these challenges. This study also highlights the importance of collaboration and partnerships in the transformation of the shipping industry. Thus, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of information technology in management transformation in the shipping industry, while highlighting the challenges faced and their practical implications.

The intense competition in the business world creates a need for MSMEs to improve their business in order to compete in the market. For example, globalization has made it easy for goods and services to enter the country, resulting in high competition between domestic and foreign businesses. Therefore, in this era, the role of innovation becomes a determining factor in being able to compete in the market. This activity aims to increase the competitiveness of MSMEs in BSD, South Tangerang City based on innovation and creativity in response to the increasingly intense competition in the F&B world. This activity uses a survey method. Based on the survey results, the existing business actors in BSD, South Tangerang City do not have a good business model, do not have innovative menus that are different from other brands, and still do not have a digital marketing strategy. Therefore, a BMC business model, SWOT analysis, AIDA analysis, promotion strategy design, and new menu design were created for business actors to apply. To achieve this, this service activity uses a method consisting of three stages: analysis, presentation, and action. The results of this activity were able to bring about changes to MSME products in BSD, South Tangerang City in the form of opening new branches.

Information technology is very important for business, including accounting information systems. One way businesses use information technology to increase their competitiveness is e-commerce. Additionally, social media helps in implementing online marketing strategies. The aim of this research is to evaluate and analyze the impact of accounting information systems, e-commerce and social media on decisions made by entrepreneurs. This type of research is quantitative and uses an accidental sampling method to produce 230 respondents. This research collects data by distributing questionnaires on the network using Google Form, and data analysis is carried out using the SmartPLS SEM application for quantitative analysis. The conclusion of the t test shows that accounting information systems, e-commerce, and social media have a positive and significant impact on decisions made by entrepreneurs.

This qualitative study investigates the perspectives of 50 cadets enrolled in Indonesian transportation institutes on collaboration between transportation education and industry. The research reveals a high perceived importance of industry-academia collaboration, highlighting its value in providing real-world experience and industry insights. However, challenges such as curriculum misalignment, limited practical training opportunities, and ineffective industry feedback mechanisms hinder effective collaboration. Recommendations include strengthening collaboration through internships and industry projects, regularly reviewing and updating curricula, expanding practical training opportunities, establishing structured industry feedback mechanisms, providing professional development for educators, and promoting lifelong learning. Implementing these recommendations can enhance collaboration, improve education programme relevance, and better prepare students for the transportation sector's demands. This research contributes to the development of a skilled workforce, driving the growth and competitiveness of the transportation industry in Indonesia.

Most MSMEs, including B&B Snack MSMEs, have not adopted technology as an effective sales tool. B&B Snack MSMEs face problems, namely a less strategic location and a lack of understanding of MSME owners regarding information technology. Therefore, in the YPPI Rembang University (UYR) Business Work Lecture Community Service activities, they provide a solution to overcome this problem, namely registering the location of MSME B&B Snacks on Google Maps and using direction signs, which can help customers find the location easily. The main goal is to increase the competitiveness of B&B Snack MSME owners in their main market in Rembang City and increase their business turnover. This activity began with a survey of MSME locations and discussions with B&B Snack MSME owners to identify problems. Furthermore, assisting MSMEs in registering locations on Google Maps and creating direction signs. The results of the activities of the MSME B&B Snack location are registered on Google Maps and have directional signs.

An Internet of Things (IoT)-based logistics monitoring system is an innovation designed to enhance efficiency, transparency, and speed in supply chain management. The implementation of IoT in logistics provides an ideal solution for real-time monitoring of goods, which was previously difficult with conventional methods. This system integrates IoT sensors such as GPS for location tracking, along with temperature and humidity sensors to monitor goods requiring special attention, such as food and pharmaceuticals. By automating processes through IoT technology, goods distribution becomes faster, reducing reliance on manual controls, speeding up decision-making, and minimising human error. This system enables companies to monitor the condition and location of goods in real-time, offering high visibility into the logistics status. With comprehensive monitoring, companies can proactively address issues and ensure goods remain in optimal condition throughout the shipping process. An IoT-based logistics monitoring system has the potential to enhance a company’s competitiveness through efficiency and accuracy in supply chain management. When effectively implemented, IoT technology can not only improve service quality and customer satisfaction but also strengthen a company’s position in an increasingly competitive market.

This study examines the role of entrepreneurial leadership in fostering innovation and achieving start-up success. By analyzing leadership styles, decision-making processes, and team dynamics, the research identifies key factors that contribute to sustained growth and competitiveness. Findings suggest that visionary leadership combined with adaptive strategies is essential for navigating challenges in dynamic markets.

The intense competitiveness in the commercial sector drives this research. Plastic trash in the environment is causing an increasing amount of natural damage. Customers are becoming more demanding when it comes to eco-friendly items. As a result, companies need to adopt green marketing as a new marketing tactic. Companies can get a competitive edge through green marketing by fostering greater customer trust. Young buyers favor things that are good for the environment. The purpose of this study is to determine the degree to which the purchasing decisions of the Class of 2020 Sharia Business Management students at the Faculty of Economics and Islamic Business, State Islamic University (UIN) Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi, are influenced by green marketing and brand image. Quantitative descriptive research is used in this study. Both primary and secondary data were used. With a sample size of 64 respondents, the study's population consisted of users of AQUA products. Data were gathered by questionnaire distribution and observation. Research instrument tests, which include validity and reliability testing, as well as traditional assumption tests, which include tests for heteroscedasticity, multicollinearity, autocorrelation, and normality, were employed in data processing procedures. using the aid of the SPSS22 program. Based on the research findings, it can be inferred that while brand image has a value of 0.00 less than 0.05 or (0.00<0.05), it can be concluded that brand image partially influences purchasing decisions. This is because the company is implementing a new marketing strategy, namely green marketing. The partially green marketing variable has a value of 0.002 which is smaller than 0.05 or (0.002 <0.05). Businesses can gain a competitive edge by using green marketing to enhance their positive consumer perception. It is possible to conclude that green marketing and brand image jointly have a large influence on purchase decisions because they both simultaneously have a computed F value > F table, or 249,499 > 3,148.

The development of information technology has significantly impacted the evolution of business into the digital era 5.0. In this context, the role of Computer Information Systems (CIS) becomes crucial in facing the challenges and opportunities that arise. This study aims to explore the role of CIS in Business 5.0, focusing on technology integration and business processes, analytical capabilities and data-driven decision-making, automation and operational efficiency, information security and compliance, as well as accountability and transparency. The research methodology involved literature search from academic databases and scientific journals using relevant keywords such as "digital transformation," "Business 5.0," "Computer Information Systems," and "technology integration." Selected information sources were then filtered based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, such as relevance, source credibility, and publication year. The results of literature analysis indicate that technology integration and business process serve as the foundation for the role of CIS in Business 5.0. Analytical capabilities and data-driven decision-making, along with automation and operational efficiency, also significantly contribute to increased productivity and organizational innovation. Additionally, aspects of information security and compliance, together with accountability and transparency, are key to building trust among stakeholders. The discussion of the results highlights the importance of understanding and implementing these concepts in the context of Business 5.0. By considering technology integration and business processes, analytical capabilities and data-driven decision-making, automation and operational efficiency, information security and compliance, as well as accountability and transparency, companies can optimize the role of CIS in transforming their businesses into the digital era 5.0, enhancing competitiveness, and achieving long-term success.

The research findings indicate that industrial patterns have a significant impact on companies, both positively and negatively. This study is expected to provide a better understanding for companies in facing changes in industrial patterns, thereby enhancing performance and competitiveness in fluctuating markets. The objectives of this research are: 1. To understand the relationship of industrial patterns/structure with the market.2. To identify the elements of industrial structure within the market.3. To determine the role of industrial patterns for companies.