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This research analyzes the growth of electric bicycles and efforts to prevent traffic accidents in Indonesia. The method used is a literature study to collect and analyze data from various sources. The results show that stricter regulations, supportive infrastructure development, and traffic safety education are needed to reduce the risk of accidents. Consistent law enforcement is also key in reducing the number of accidents involving electric bicycles. With these steps, it is hoped that a safer driving environment can be created for electric bicycle users in Indonesia.

Efforts to reduce the prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls are carried out by supplementing with Iron Tablets. This research aims to evaluate the program of providing iron tablets to adolescent girls in the work area of the Kebonsari Health Center, Madiun Regency. The research was conducted qualitatively with indepth interview techniques and Focus Group Discussions (FGD), informants were determined by purposive sampling totaling 16 people. The research was conducted in July-September 2023 at the Health Office, Madiun Regency Pharmacy Installation, Kebonsari Health Center, SMPN 2 Kebonsari and MAN 1 Madiun. The data analysis technique used triangulation, processed using reduction and presented in the narrative text. The results of the study were reviewed based on the book "Guidelines for Prevention and Management of Anemia in Adolescent Girls 2016" showing that several aspects were appropriate, including human resources, fund allocation, preparation, distribution, recording and reporting, scope of activities and accuracy of targets and distribution. While aspects that were not appropriate included facilities and infrastructure, monitoring and timeliness. Similar research should be conducted in other schools in the working area of the Kebonsari Health Center, Madiun Regency so that the effectiveness of the implementation of the program can be evaluated and improved.  

TPR is a learning method that combines physical movements with verbal instructions to improve students' understanding of the language they hear. The aim of this research is to determine the application of the Total Physical Response (TPR) method to optimize students' receptive language abilities. This research investigates how TPR can improve students' ability to listen and respond to verbal instructions. Research shows that using TPR improves vocabulary comprehension, speeds responses to commands, and optimizes overall receptive language skills. Apart from that, TPR has also proven to be effective in creating a fun and interactive learning atmosphere, thus further motivating students to learn languages. This makes TPR an effective way to develop students' receptive language skills more comprehensively.

In alongside demonstrating how strategic cost management approaches can lower banking risks, the study sought to address the theoretical underpinnings of both banking risks and strategic cost management techniques. as well as identifying the most important measures through which banking risks to which economic units are exposed can be reduced to a minimum by helping to deal with situations in which the future cannot be predicted with certainty and that banking risks arise from the financing side. The study was applied in a sample of banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange, and the focus was on commercial banks because of the exposure of these banks to a range of banking risks, the most important of which are credit risks, liquidity, exchange rate and interest rate. These banks also suffer from problems related to operational decisions such as pricing decisions. Strategic cost management techniques are a set of tools and methods that are appropriate to the needs of the modern business environment, which is concerned with cost analysis in a broad framework through its ideal position in order to improve the cost structure and achieve competitive advantage. This was the most significant finding of the research. The research discovered that strategic cost management techniques can help reduce risks and rationalize operational decisions, through which they can respond quickly to customer requirements and provide sufficient flexibility for any Changes that may occur and the delivery of products to them as quickly as possible while adhering to the standards of the modern corporate environment.

This study investigated the effects of different leadership styles on employee productivity in JUHEL Pharmaceutical Firm, Anambra State, Nigeria. The primary objectives were to analyze the impact of transformational leadership, evaluate transactional leadership, and explore laissez-faire leadership's influence on productivity, as well as compare these styles' overall effectiveness. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 66 employees through structured surveys. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and ANOVA were employed for data analysis. The findings revealed that transformational leadership had a significant positive effect on employee productivity, enhancing motivation and performance. Transactional leadership showed a moderate impact, fostering goal-oriented behaviors and structured work environments. Conversely, laissez-faire leadership was found to have a minimal effect on productivity, often leading to lower employee engagement due to insufficient guidance. Comparative analysis indicated that transformational leadership outperformed the other styles in promoting higher productivity metrics. This study highlights the importance of effective leadership strategies for enhancing productivity in pharmaceutical firms. It suggests that JUHEL Pharmaceutical Firm and similar organizations should prioritize transformational leadership development to achieve optimal performance. The research contributes valuable insights to the field of leadership studies and offers a basis for future investigations into leadership practices and productivity outcomes.

This research explores innovations in Christian education through the application of a multisensory approach to spiritual learning. By using a phenomenology-based qualitative research method through literature research, this study aims to understand how a multisensory approach can improve the effectiveness of spiritual learning holistically. The main problem identified is the challenge in conveying abstract theological concepts to students, especially in the digital era that demands relevant and interesting learning methods. The novelty of the research lies in the integration of multisensory approaches with modern technologies, such as augmented reality and interactive applications, to create immersive sense-based learning experiences. The results of the study show that the multisensory approach enriches the learning process by increasing information retention, emotional engagement, and internalization of spiritual values. The findings also confirm that multisensory experiences are able to bridge the abstraction of Christian teachings with concrete experiences, creating a deeper connection between learners and faith values. The contributions of this research include the development of relevant, adaptive, and transformative Christian education strategies, as well as the provision of a theoretical foundation for the implementation of a multisensory approach in various educational contexts. This research provides new insights for Christian educators in presenting spiritual learning that is more holistic and contextual.

This study aims to explore the role of cross-cultural Christian education in cyberspace in supporting the formation of virtual faith communities for global spiritual formation and interfaith dialogue. Issues that include the challenges of globalization and digitalization that change the way communities interact, especially in religious contexts. The methods used are concept analysis and literature studies that support the development of a theoretical framework for digital-based cross-cultural education. The results of the study indicate that digital platforms can be an effective means of creating inclusive cross-cultural dialogue spaces, strengthening spiritual identity, and facilitating cross-cultural learning. The findings also highlight the importance of design programs that are sensitive to cultural and technical contexts. The main conclusion of this study is that cross-cultural Christian education in cyberspace can be a powerful tool for advancing global solidarity and interfaith dialogue. However, its success depends on collaboration between educators, technology developers, and religious communities, as well as attention to obstacles such as digital literacy and unequal access to technology.

iquid waste produced by the food industry has complex characteristics that depend on production capacity. Liquid waste treatment is carried out physically, chemically, and biologically to reduce the concentration of pollutants that pose environmental problems. PT. X is one of the companies that produces food products. The company has been implementing an environmental management system, particularly wastewater treatment, using WWTP technology. The research aims to assess the performance of liquid wastewater treatment processes at PT. X. The research method used is descriptive, with data collection through direct observation and sampling at the WWTP outlet of PT. X. After testing, the research results show that all main parameters produced by PT. X's WWTP comply with the quality standards of the East Java Governor Regulation No. 72 of 2013. Overall, the WWTP performance remains good.    

Hydroelectric Power Plants (HPP) are a type of power plant that utilizes renewable energy from water flow. The hydroelectric system works by converting the kinetic energy of flowing water into mechanical energy, which is then converted into electrical energy. Water flows through a penstock directed towards the turbine, where it strikes the turbine blades, causing rotation. To maintain the stability of the turbine's rotational speed at the Maninjau HPP, a governor system is used. The Maninjau HPP consists of four generating subunits with a nominal rotational speed of 600 rpm. The governor system functions to stabilize the turbine's rotation at the nominal speed of 600 rpm, as the speed affects the generator's output frequency. The stabilization process is carried out by adjusting the Guide Vane openings, which are the blades surrounding the turbine. The Maninjau HPP has a speed drop of 3%, with a frequency reduction of 1.5 Hz. Additionally, a frequency change of 0.1 Hz will result in a load change of 0.13 MW.

An environmentally friendly fuel with great potential for use in transportation and industry is B40 biodiesel. It is a mixture of 60% diesel and 40% biodiesel. With an emphasis on engine performance, environmental impact, and financial incentives, the study assesses how beneficial its use can be. According to the findings, B40 biodiesel burns better and produces fewer carbon emissions compared to pure diesel because it has a higher cetane number. However, fuel consumption may increase due to the much lower energy content of biodiesel. B40 requires more maintenance to avoid hygroscopic effects, but it has been shown to improve lubrication and support heavy equipment operations in industrial environments. Implementing B40 has several benefits, including the ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.  

The development of the nervous system is a crucial process during early organogenesis that impacts overall body function. This research aims to understand the mechanisms involved in the formation of the nervous system, focusing on early embryonic development. Previous studies indicate that interactions between genetic and environmental factors significantly influence this development, yet many specific aspects remain to be explored. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the role of progenitor cells and molecular signals in neuron differentiation. By identifying the pathways involved, it aims to uncover new approaches to understanding developmental disorders of the nervous system. Utilizing experimental methods and systematic data analysis, this research not only enhances our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of nervous system development but also opens possibilities for developing therapies for related disorders

The lack of knowledge about women's problems has made researchers interested in providing solutions and conducting research related to preventing vaginal discharge experienced by adolescents. The purpose of this study was to identify before and after knowledge and to determine the effect of reproductive health education on knowledge in preventing pathological leucorrhoea in Binor Village, Paiton District. This research uses a quantitative approach with the Pre- Test and Post-Test, the sampling used is Cluster random sampling in June 2023 with a total of 40 cases. The results showed that before being given counseling in the good category, there were 16 (40%) respondents. after being given good category counseling as many as 31 (77.5%) respondents. The results of statistical analysis of p-value 0.000 (α> 0.05) show that there is an effect of reproductive health education on knowledge in preventing pathological vaginal discharge in Binor Village, Paiton District. Suggestions to continue to conduct reproductive health counseling in preventing pathological vaginal discharge with appropriate methods.

Social media is now the first tool of interaction between humans with a very large number of users worldwide. The potential of social media to spread information in a short time and on a wider scale has affected many areas of life, especially in the process of forming individual personalities. This study examines the effects of social media on the character of college or university students, both for good and bad. On the one hand, it is noted that social media helps build bonds between people and helps in broadening one's perspective and even supports personal growth through social interaction in a positive way. However, on the other hand, social media also shows the potential to create social anxiety, social pressure, and identity issues due to social comparison and exposure to negative content. College students, who are in the stage of finding their identity, become easy targets for the influence of social media. In the right way, this media can be used to encourage them in forming positive characters. This study argues for the need for better digital literacy and the use of wise social media strategies to maintain high positive effects and low negative impacts.

Bats belong to the order Chiroptera which is included in mammals, and which is also included in vertebrate animals that have the ability to fly. In addition, bats experience evolution, such as morphological evolution that occurs on the wings. Evolution is a change in an organism from simple to more complex. The characteristics of vertebrates are vertebrates and have symmetry, namely bilateral symmetry, and nothocord which comes from their ancestors, namely chordates. Bats are one of the most widespread mammals, although fossils of bats themselves are not widely found. Although bats are found in many other areas, molecular studies support the origin of bats from northern continents such as Asia, Europe or North America. To find out how bats can evolve and survive until now requires in-depth knowledge of theories that explain major events such as natural selection and competition by studying literature. The skull bones of bats can be distinguished based on their foods, and their echolocation abilities can also be classified into two suborders, namely Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera.

This study aims to analyze students' mathematical problem-solving abilities in the topic of Systems of Three Linear Equations (SPLTV) at SMA PGRI 4 Jakarta. The research employs a qualitative method with an approach that includes interviews and written tests. The subjects of the study consist of eleventh-grade students selected purposively. The results indicate that students have varying levels of understanding regarding SPLTV problems, with some students facing difficulties in comprehending word problems and applying appropriate solving methods. Nevertheless, most students are able to utilize substitution, elimination, and combination methods in solving problems. The study also finds that students tend not to check their answers, which can affect the accuracy of their results. Therefore, it is recommended that students adopt a more systematic approach in problem-solving and perform checks to enhance their confidence and answer accuracy.

In this review, we undertake an in-depth survey of the traditional as well as modern methods used in finding solutions for partial differential equations (henceforth PDEs). We categorise these equations into three main kinds: elliptic, parabolic, and hyperbolic. We also give illustrative examples of these PDEs and discuss the applications of them in a range of fields. This range extends from fluid dynamics (hydrodynamics), as well as thermal (heat) conduction, to quantum mechanics. Our exploration features a number of analyses used in this regard such as variable splitting or defactorising in addition to the transforms invented by Fourier and Laplace. Not only this but also this survey takes in numerical methods ranging from grid-based (finite difference), mesh-based (finite element) to spectral. Also discussed in this paper is a range of special techniques that ranges from the variational techniques, Green's (fundamental solution) functions to perturbation (also known as Asymptotic expansion in addition to sketching the latest developments with respect to computational methods. This review also sheds light on current challenges that confront addressing complicated PDEs especially those nonlinear and multi-variable. In this regard, the paper calls for more research in order to develop more effective methods. The paper maps out the importance of PDE usages in real-life and its potential for more related discoveries in the future particularly with respect to areas such as machine learning and quantum computing.

Batik Banten Mukarnas is a company that produces stamped batik designs with various patterns and varieties of batik. Problems frequently arise in the company due to increased stamped batik production capacity to meet the demand for stamped batik design products, which continues to rise from stamped batik suppliers. Another impact of growing demand capacity is the high number of defects in stamped batik cloth products, because overall, the company's management, including human resources, tools, and methods, is not prepared for the increase in production capacity to meet the surge in consumer demand, resulting in an impact on the quality of the products produced—consequently, the organization endeavors to regulate the quality of stamped batik cloth at PT. Batik Banten Mukarnas establishes objectives that employ Six Sigma with the DMAIC method (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) in the production of batik stamp designs to meet production objectives. The results of the data processing that has been done obtained a sigma value before improvement for 3 CTQ of 3.54. After improvement, the sigma value increased to 3.86. While for the sigma value before improvement for 1 CTQ of 3.04, the sigma value increased to 3.42 after improvement. The factors contributing to defective products, as illustrated by the fishbone diagram, include methods, personnel, materials, machinery, and environmental conditions. The division leader consistently oversees and regulates operations, enhances the number of brushes, and trains operators to ensure proficient adherence to standard operating procedures (SOP).

Advances in information technology have encouraged government agencies to implement electronic-based systems to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and transparency of services. The Community and Village Empowerment Service of Magetan Regency uses the Presence and Performance Application System Si Apik application to record the attendance of State Civil Apparatus as part of the E-Government program. This study aims to evaluate the usability of the Si Apik application using the System Usability Scale method to measure the level of user satisfaction. The research approach involves descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods, with data collection through observation, SUS questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews. The results showed an average SUS score of 52.59, which is in the marginal category, with a grade D and an "OK" rating. This score indicates that the system still has technical constraints, such as network connections and application errors, which affect ease of use. Recommendations for improvement include optimizing features, increasing system stability, and providing clearer technical guidance. This study provides strategic input for the Community and Village Empowerment Service of Magetan Regency in improving the quality of Si Apik application services.

PT. Polyplex Films Indonesia is a manufacturer of Metallize Film products. This polymer film is coated with a tiny aluminum foil coating, giving it a bright metallic appearance. Metalized film materials have extensive use in decoration, food packaging, and specialized uses, including insulation and electronics. The production results of metalized film production show that in the most recent year, 2022, the number of defects was 1.6%, which is higher than the tolerance limit the company set at 0.5% of total annual production. Maintaining the consistency of the quality of the metalized film products that the company produces is much easier. The number of defects settled by the different types: Heat line accounts for 42% of the defects, pinhole accounts for 31%, and Star sky accounts for 27%. The company employs the PDCA method to mitigate issues in the production line. The implementation results demonstrate that the PDCA method has led to a reduction in the number of defects. Specifically, the Heat Line defects decreased from 274 tons to 57 tons, representing a decrease of 79.19%. Similarly, the Star Sky defects decreased from 178 tons to 85 tons, resulting in a reduction of 52%. The pinhole defects decreased from 202 to 51 tons, indicating a 74.8% decrease. The findings of this study should deepen our understanding of how the PDCA technique actually works to enhance product quality. This is because the changes are produced during the action phase, allowing for long-term retention of the gains. Product recommendations for additional investigation include PET (polyethylene terephthalate), BOPP (bi-axially oriented polypropylene), and CPP (cast polypropylene) films.

Talking is an activity that cannot be separated from the interaction between people in daily life, starting from oral to written. In written language, there are many linguistic errors, both in terms of phonemes, morphemes, and word writing. This study aims to analyze and describe language errors in external media located on Siliwangi Street, Tasikmalaya. Qualitative descriptive is a method used in this study by grouping data, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions based on the results of the analysis. From this study, it was obtained that the phoneme replacement error was found in the replacement of the phoneme /ai/ with /e/, /u/ with /o/, and /r/ with /e/, the phoneme deletion error was found in the deletion of the phonemes /s/, /n/, and /k/, and the errors in the replacement and addition of phonemes were found in the replacement of the phoneme /o/ to /o/, the replacement of the phoneme /g/ with /k/ and the addition of the phoneme /e/.