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This research examines Bogor Palace as an architectural text that represents a fusion of European and tropical styles through a semiotic approach. Bogor Palace is not only a symbol of Dutch colonial power but also reflects the adaptation of Indonesian culture and tropical environment. This research aims to reveal the meanings and symbols contained in the architectural elements of Bogor Palace, such as symmetrical facades, tall pillars, large windows, cross ventilation, and steep roofs. Using semiotic methods, this research analyzes how these elements function as signs that represent aesthetic, historical and ecological values. The results show that the European architectural style of Bogor Palace, reflected through classical structures such as pillars and decorative ornaments, symbolizes the status of power and the influence of colonial culture. On the other hand, tropical elements such as cross ventilation, spacious terraces, and steep roofs represent adaptation to local environmental conditions, while symbolizing harmony between humans and nature. The symbolism in this design not only serves to fulfill functional needs, but also creates a visual narrative that reflects the dialog between foreign and local cultures. The study concludes that Bogor Palace is an artifact rich in semiotic meaning, where each architectural element contains messages about history, culture and ecological adaptation. This research contributes to the study of colonial architecture, particularly in understanding how historic buildings can be interpreted as sign systems that represent cultural and environmental complexities.

Islamic boarding schools (pondok pesantren) play a strategic role in developing human resources that are not only religiously competent but also economically independent. In addressing the challenges of globalization, pesantren independence can be strengthened through entrepreneurship programs that provide economic benefits, empower students (santri), and contribute to the surrounding community. This study focuses on analyzing the entrepreneurship programs at Pondok Pesantren Al Kautsar 561, which include biofloc tilapia farming and melon cultivation in greenhouses, using a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection involved focus group discussions (FGD) with foundation administrators, teachers, students, and the local community. The findings reveal that entrepreneurship programs enhance pesantren independence by generating additional income, which is utilized for scholarships and operational activities. Entrepreneurship training equips students with practical skills in agribusiness and aquaculture, such as biofloc systems and greenhouse technology. Furthermore, these programs strengthen the relationship between pesantren and the community through community-based economic collaboration, creating job opportunities and improving local economic resilience. However, challenges such as limited resources and access to technology persist. Solutions include establishing strategic partnerships with external parties and providing training in digital marketing to ensure program sustainability.

This study examines the impact of operational cost budgeting on company profitability in Indonesia through a literature review approach. Analysis of various studies over the past decade reveals a significant positive relationship between effective operational cost budget management and increased profitability. However, this relationship is complex and influenced by factors such as the optimal point of budget control, management information systems, and external conditions like the COVID-19 pandemic. Variations across industry sectors were also found, with the manufacturing sector showing the strongest correlation. This research identifies best practices in budgeting as well as implementation challenges in Indonesia. These findings provide important implications for financial management practices and open directions for further research in the context of Indonesia's dynamic business environment.

 Stunting is a significant public health problem, especially in developing countries, which can hinder children's growth and development. Optimizing monitoring of the growth and development of toddlers is a crucial step in preventing stunting. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of existing monitoring methods and develop data-based strategies to detect growth problems early. Using quantitative and qualitative approaches, this research collects data from health facilities, families and communities on growth indicators, eating patterns and socio-economic factors. The results show that routine and integrated monitoring with parental education regarding nutrition and health can increase family awareness and participation in efforts to prevent stunting. These recommendations include developing more efficient information systems, increasing access to health services, as well as public awareness campaigns to support optimal growth of toddlers. Thus, it is hoped that optimizing monitoring of the growth and development of toddlers can become an integral part of national efforts to tackle the problem of stunting.

Despite their apparent differences, mathematics and biology are increasingly being used in tandem to model and analyze a wide range of biological processes. This article addresses the use of multiple methods, including population modeling, differential equations, mathematical genetics, and epidemiology, to the study of biology, a field known as biomathematics. Genetic dynamics and the behavior of biological systems, such as population expansion and disease transmission, are understood through mathematical modeling. SIR and SEIR models are used in epidemiology to describe how infectious diseases spread throughout a population. This journal emphasizes the value of mathematical approaches in comprehending intricate biological systems and the necessity of interdisciplinary research between mathematics and biology to address both theoretical and practical issues through a review of the literature. The purpose of this article is to explain the relationship between mathematics and biology and the application of mathematical models in the analysis of biological phenomena. This article uses a literature study writing method by recording research problems, analyzing, and collaborating different thoughts.

This study focuses on examining the comparison between the principles of general criminal law and military law applied in the justice system, through a comparative method with a normative juridical approach used as a comparative identification process of the two legal systems which includes the process of examination, trial, sentencing and consideration of legal principles. The difference in nature between general criminal law and military law is that general criminal law (Commune delicta) which anyone can carry out, is the opposite of Military Law as a special crime (Delicta proparia) which can only be carried out by certain people, in this case by a military man. Based on a literature study to see the principles of implementing the two laws, this study aims to show how the comparison of the two systems is applied, reviewing aspects of Human Rights, Justice and Legal Certainty in the legal justice system in Indonesia.

Comparative studies of education are an approach used to compare various educational systems in different countries or cultures with the aim of understanding differences and similarities in educational practices.This research aims to explain the basic concepts of comparative education studies and the importance of this study in efforts to improve the quality of education globally.The data collection used by researchers is a literature study by studying and citing several sources from textbooks, articles, journals, modules and other publications. This comparative research is important to generate a better understanding of effective educational practices and to provide useful insights for educational reform in different countries.

This investigation examines the implementation of linguistic politeness in English as Foreign Language (EFL) instruction in Karawang, with particular emphasis on faculty-student interactions. Utilizing an ethnographic qualitative methodology, the research encompasses one faculty member and thirty-five, first-semester students. Data acquisition was conducted through non-participant classroom observations and semi-structured in-depth interviews. The findings demonstrate that the faculty member systematically implemented politeness strategies through indirect communication and face-threatening acts management. The incorporation of Sundanese cultural values in instruction was manifested in the utilization of address systems and modifications in communication approaches. The implementation of politeness significantly contributed to the enhancement of students' communicative competence and the establishment of a conducive learning environment. This research underscores the significance of integrating linguistic politeness and indigenous cultural values in EFL instruction to facilitate pedagogical effectiveness.  

Purpose – This article aims to develop an integrative framework for utilizing hybrid bio-ceramic composites as high-temperature protective materials in aerospace and defense systems. The focus is on enhancing the extreme heat resistance of bio-ceramics through hybridization with metals or polymers to create durable materials capable of withstanding hypersonic conditions and extreme aerothermal environments. Design/Methodology/Approach – This study uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, analyzing scientific publications indexed by Scopus, Web of Science, and SINTA from 2015 to 2025. The review explores the development of bio-ceramic composite research, hybridization strategies with polymers and lightweight metals, and manufacturing innovations that enhance material performance in thermal protection systems for aerospace applications. Findings – The literature review shows that hybrid bio-ceramic composites outperform conventional materials. These composites can endure temperatures up to 1800 °C, possess high resistance to oxidation, ablation, and thermal shock, and are lightweight for aeronautical use. Biomimetic designs inspired by mollusk shells and bones improve fracture toughness and mechanical performance. Hybridization with polymers and lightweight metals expands the potential applications in hypersonic aircraft and modern defense systems. Practical Implications – The findings are crucial for developing jet engine shields, hypersonic missiles, and space re-entry capsules. For Indonesia, this research offers opportunities to reduce reliance on imported high-temperature materials and enhance national defense industry independence. Originality/Value – The article contributes a new perspective by highlighting bio-ceramic hybrids as strategic materials capable of withstanding extreme temperatures, integrating biomimetic principles and composite technology for modern defense systems.

In the digital business environment, web-based Point of Sale (POS) systems play a vital role in supporting transaction processing, inventory management, and operational decision-making. Ensuring the functional reliability of such systems is essential, particularly in critical authentication features that regulate user access. However, undetected functional errors within login and registration modules may disrupt operations, compromise data integrity, and reduce user experience quality. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the functionality of the Wingpos website, focusing specifically on the login and registration features. The research applies the Black Box Testing approach using the Equivalence Partitioning technique, which enables systematic functional validation by classifying input data into representative valid and invalid partitions without requiring access to source code. The testing process involved designing structured test cases, executing input scenarios, and comparing actual system outputs with expected results. The findings reveal that most authentication processes function in accordance with system specifications, as seven out of ten test scenarios produced expected outcomes. Nevertheless, three discrepancies were identified, including inconsistent error message validation in the login feature and the system’s inability to properly verify invalid email domains during registration. These results indicate that while the system demonstrates general functional reliability, certain validation mechanisms require refinement. In conclusion, the application of Black Box Testing with the Equivalence Partitioning technique proves effective in identifying functional gaps and supporting quality assurance processes in web-based POS systems, particularly in strengthening authentication feature reliability and improving overall system performance

Pesantren, as the oldest Islamic educational institutions, face complex challenges in environmental health management, primarily due to high residential density, limited sanitation infrastructure, and varying practices of Healthy and Clean Living Behaviors (PHBS). Although the religious concept of taharah (purity) serves as a foundation for cleanliness, there is a lack of in-depth research examining the integration of religious values, infrastructure conditions, and management systems in shaping the daily hygiene experiences of santri (students).This study aims to explore the santri's experience regarding environmental health management in pesantren, focusing on the integration of hygiene, sanitation, and Islamic religious values, while also identifying factors and challenges related to PHBS practices. This qualitative research, utilizing a descriptive phenomenology design, collected data through in-depth interviews with three female santri informants (with 8–9 years of boarding experience). Data analysis was conducted using the six-phase thematic analysis method by Braun & Clarke (2006).The study identified five main themes: (1) Infrastructure is quantitatively adequate but faces operational issues (queues, seasonal clean water scarcity); (2) PHBS practices show positive behavioral changes (self-reliance) but waste management remains traditional; (3) The religious value of taharah acts as a strong intrinsic motivation; (4) The management system involves multi-level roles (kiai-ustaz-administrators) that face consistency challenges; and (5) Main obstacles include limited facilities, varying levels of santri awareness, and disparity in educational programs. Poskestren (Pesantren Health Post) represents an institutional effort to provide basic health services.Environmental health management in pesantren requires a holistic approach, integrating infrastructure improvement and sustainable waste management systems, alongside developing education that unites Islamic religious values with modern health knowledge. Optimizing the religious strategy and strengthening national monitoring/standardization systems are key to program sustainability.

Hydraulic systems are vital components in modern naval vessel operations, controlling 60-70% of all ship operational systems. This research aims to comprehensively analyze the benefits of hydraulic system learning for Engineering Corps cadets at the Indonesian Naval Academy (AAL). The study employed a mixed methods approach with concurrent embedded design, involving 163 cadets for quantitative components and 20 cadets for qualitative components. Data collection techniques included structured questionnaires, pre-test and post-test cognitive tests, practical performance observations, and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Results showed significant improvement in hydraulic system knowledge with large effect size (Cohen's d = 2.31) and average score increase of 28.8%. Cadets' perception of learning benefits was highly positive (M = 4.31 on a 5-point scale), with "Relevance to Operational Tasks" dimension achieving the highest score (M = 4.47). Practical performance showed 74.8% of cadets achieved good to excellent grades. Qualitative analysis identified five main themes: technical understanding transformation, practical competency development, theory-practice integration, soft skills development, and career motivation and orientation. Factors influencing learning benefits included instructor quality (β = 0.34), practical facility availability (β = 0.28), and learning motivation (β = 0.23). This research confirms that hydraulic system learning provides multidimensional benefits encompassing cognitive, psychomotor, and affective aspects, contributing to holistic professional competency development essential for success as Indonesian Navy technical officers.

This study aims to analyze the comparative law on inheritance in the Islamic legal system, civil law, and its impact on Indonesian implementations. The research method used is normative juridical with a statute approach and a conceptual approach, which focuses on analyzing applicable legal documents and norms. This study discusses the characteristics of each legal system, including differences in the distribution of inheritance, the obligations of heirs to the debts of the testator, and the inheritance mechanism regulated in the Civil Code (KUHPerdata) and Islamic inheritance law. Furthermore, this study explores the impact of implementing the two legal systems in Indonesia, considering the diversity of Indonesian society that influences the implementation of inheritance law. The results are expected to provide deeper insight into how the two legal systems interact and influence inheritance practices in Indonesia.

The increasing frequency and severity of tsunamis in coastal areas underscore the urgent need for efficient Tsunami Early Warning Systems (TEWS). This research aims to optimize TEWS by integrating fast computational tsunami wave modeling to enhance prediction speed and accuracy. The study utilizes numerical simulations employing finite volume methods, along with GPU acceleration, to model tsunami wave propagation and its impact on coastal areas. Machine learning techniques, such as regression trees, are incorporated to analyze large datasets of pre-computed tsunami simulations for accurate forecasting. The results reveal that by applying rapid computational methods, detection time can be reduced by up to 7 minutes, particularly for near-field tsunamis. This significant time-saving enables more effective evacuation procedures and better disaster mitigation efforts. In comparison to conventional systems, the fast computation model also provides more accurate predictions, including tsunami heights and arrival times. The implications of these findings suggest that fast computational methods can substantially improve the current TEWS, allowing for quicker and more reliable tsunami warnings. Moreover, the integration of advanced machine learning techniques ensures the system's adaptability and robustness in predicting tsunami behaviors based on varying data inputs. The potential for implementing this model in tsunami-prone regions worldwide is considerable, offering an improved approach to tsunami disaster preparedness and response. By reducing detection time and enhancing prediction accuracy, the optimized TEWS can significantly minimize loss of life and infrastructure damage, making it a valuable tool for global disaster management strategies.  

This study explores the re-evaluation and re-shaping of fiqh methodology to ensure Islamic law remains relevant and responsive to contemporary issues. As society evolves, new challenges such as migration, the digital economy, and shifting moral standards present complex legal and ethical dilemmas that traditional fiqh struggles to address. Contextual fiqh, which integrates classical Islamic principles with modern social, economic, and technological developments, offers a dynamic approach to Islamic law that addresses these challenges. The study emphasizes the flexibility of contextual fiqh in offering more adaptable legal solutions, particularly in the realms of migration, digital transactions, and family law. By incorporating modern social dynamics, including technological advancements like cryptocurrencies and virtual marriages, contextual fiqh proposes a legal framework that is both grounded in Islamic principles and relevant to contemporary needs. The research highlights the importance of interdisciplinary engagement between Islamic scholarship and fields such as economics, sociology, and technology, offering a holistic approach to legal decision-making. Through the examination of case studies, such as the application of Islamic legal principles to global migration patterns and digital financial systems, the study demonstrates how contextual fiqh can provide ethical and practical solutions to modern problems. The findings suggest that the adoption of contextual fiqh can lead to more inclusive, just, and responsive legal frameworks, making Islamic law more adaptable and effective in addressing the complexities of the modern world.

This study aims to analyze strategies for product innovation in Islamic finance to enhance financial inclusion, a significant challenge in countries with large Muslim populations such as Indonesia. The research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing data from various literature sources, including academic journal articles, reports from Islamic financial institutions, and government regulations. The findings reveal that Islamic financial product innovation can be categorized into new product development, digital technology adoption, improvement of Islamic financial literacy, and cross-sectoral collaboration. Products such as microfinance based on Sharia contracts, digital waqf savings, and technology-driven Takaful insurance exemplify innovations aligned with modern societal needs. Additionally, Islamic fintech platforms have expanded financial access for remote communities, despite challenges such as low digital literacy and limited infrastructure. Islamic financial literacy emerges as a crucial element influencing public trust and participation in formal financial systems. In practice, cross-sector collaboration among Islamic financial institutions, governments, and the technology sector serves as a strategic approach to address regulatory barriers, competition with conventional sectors, and inconsistent global standards. This study recommends strengthening regulations, enhancing financial literacy, developing inclusive digital technologies, and fostering international cooperation to support the sustainable growth of the Islamic finance sector. With integrated strategies, Islamic finance holds significant potential not only to improve financial inclusion but also to create a fairer, more inclusive financial system that aligns with Islamic values in the modern era.

Digital transformation (DT) is a necessity for incumbent companies today, including MSMEs, to be able to continue to compete in the era of technological disruption and accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This research aims to design IT governance (ITG) for BPRACo MSMEs using the COBIT 2019 SME focus area framework. The research method used is design science research (DSR) which creates artifacts in the form of ITG solution development methods and systems. The research results revealed that the highest GMO priorities selected were APO10 Managed Vendors, MEA03 Managed Compliance with External Requirements, and APO12 Managed Risk. From the analysis of the selected GMOs, there are gaps and recommendations for improvement in the seven components which are then mapped into three aspects, namely people, process and technology aspects. The results of the research analysis show that the ambidextrous IT governance approach has succeeded in increasing the level of capability in several main components of BPRACo MSMEs in adopting DT. The right ITG strategy can help BPRACo MSMEs operating in the banking industry achieve a successful DT journey.  

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) policies and their impact on the performance and career development of young talent in star-rated hotels in Semarang City that have adopted the Green Hotel concept. Using a qualitative approach and case study design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with young employees, HR managers, and hotel management, as well as direct observation and document analysis. The results show that GHRM practices, such as recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal, and employee involvement, have been implemented with varying levels of depth across these hotels. GHRM practices have been shown to positively impact the performance of young employees and open up career development opportunities. However, the effectiveness of GHRM implementation is influenced by various factors, such as management commitment, policy clarity, training quality, resource availability, organizational culture, and communication and feedback systems. The findings of this study contribute theoretically to the GHRM and strategic HRM literature and provide practical implications for HR management in the hospitality industry in supporting sustainable tourism development. These results highlight the importance of synergy between GHRM policies and managerial commitment in creating a work environment that supports sustainability and employee career development, particularly for young talent who have the potential to become future leaders.

This study aims to identify the influence of quality control on the effectiveness of ISO 14001 implementation at PT. Shinto Kogyo Indonesia. Using a qualitative method with a descriptive approach and triangulation technique, the study investigates how quality management impacts the company's environmental performance. Research findings demonstrate that leadership involvement, strategic planning, and the application of the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle play a crucial role in the successful implementation of environmental management systems. The research emphasizes the importance of management commitment, environmental aspect identification, and continuous corrective actions in achieving effective ISO 14001 standards.

This paper discusses in depth the role of accounting in business decision-making in the digital era, as well as the challenges and opportunities faced by the accounting profession in the context of rapid and complex technological developments. In the modern business world, accounting information plays a crucial role, not only as a financial reporting tool but also as a foundation for strategic analysis that can influence the direction and policies of an organization. The issues raised pertain to the importance of timely and accurate accounting information in supporting managerial decision-making, as well as how this information can be used to enhance the performance and competitiveness of companies. The main objective of this research is to explore how digitalization and technological innovations, such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, and cloud-based information systems, affect accounting practices and their impact on business decision-making. This research also aims to identify the challenges arising from technological changes, including data security issues, the necessary technological skills, and regulatory changes that accountants must face. The methodology employed in this research is a normative approach with descriptive analysis, which includes literature studies and analysis of various relevant secondary data sources. Additionally, this research presents several case studies to demonstrate the application of theory in real practice and its impact on decision-making. The findings indicate that although digitalization brings many benefits in terms of efficiency and accuracy, there are serious challenges to be faced, such as the increased risk of data breaches and the need for higher technological skills among accounting professionals. The conclusion drawn from this research is that to optimally leverage the potential of accounting in supporting business decision-making, companies must invest in training and skill development for their accountants. Furthermore, the importance of implementing sustainable accounting practices is increasingly gaining attention, especially in the context of social and environmental responsibility. Thus, accounting not only functions as a supporting tool but also as a strategic element that adds value to companies in facing the complexities and uncertainties of the future.