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This study discusses the influence of the waste bank program on fulfilling household nutrition in Belawan II. In this context, the problem of child nutrition is a major challenge, especially in urban areas with low economic levels. Medan Belawan District faces nutritional problems due to limited access to nutritious food and low community income, which often hinders the fulfillment of balanced nutrition for children and other vulnerable groups. In addition, this study also highlights the relationship between waste problems and child nutrition, where suboptimal waste management has a negative impact on environmental health and the quality of life of the community. This has the potential to hinder the growth and development of children who should get adequate nutritional intake. The waste bank program is expected to increase family income through better waste management, which in turn can improve access and quality of food consumed by households. Thus, this program not only functions as a solution to waste management, but also as an intervention that supports improving household nutrition in the community. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to describe the presence of the digital waste bank movement as a digital-based environmental movemen that can have a positive impact on fulfilling household nutrition in Belawan II, especially amidst the challenges faced during the pandemic.

This research analyzes the role of witnesses in marriage contracts, especially differences of opinion among ulama. The majority of ulama are of the opinion that the presence of witnesses is a legal requirement in a marriage contract because of its function as proof, preventing disputes, and safeguarding the benefit of the people. However, Abu Tsaur has a different view, namely that the marriage contract remains valid without the presence of witnesses. This research examines the arguments that support these two opinions and analyzes the causes of differences of opinion, which are influenced by historical, cultural factors and the ijtihad of the ulama. Through normative and comparative methods, this research concludes that these differences of opinion show the dynamics of ijtihad in Islam and the importance of understanding the historical context and objectives of the Shari'a in understanding a law. In the context of Indonesian positive law, the presence of witnesses is also regulated in the marriage law, but with a different emphasis. This research has practical implications for the implementation of marriage contracts, resolving marriage disputes, and the development of family law in Indonesia.

The design of a family room with a contemporary concept aims to create a comfortable, functional, and aesthetic space according to the needs of the user. The contemporary concept prioritizes a simple, clean, and flexible design by combining modern materials such as glass, metal, and concrete with natural elements such as wood and stone. The selection of neutral colors is combined with bold color accents to give a dynamic impression. The layout of the room is designed to be efficient with comfortable circulation and the use of minimalist and multifunctional furniture. Natural lighting is maximized through the use of large openings, supported by warm artificial lighting to create a comfortable atmosphere. The integration of smart home technology is also applied to increase the comfort and ease of use of the space. The design results are expected to produce a family room that is modern, functional, and supports interaction between family members.

Leaf springs are one of the suspension systems that are still widely used in various modes of transport such as cars and trucks. The spring functions to support the load and reduce vibration from operational activities. This study aims to analyse the bending strength and hardness of steel leaf springs of trucks and cars resulting from tempering heat treatment. The three point bending method was used as the flexural strength testing method and the Rockwell C Hardness method testing was used for hardness testing with leaf springs in raw, tempered 460°C, and tempered 510°C conditions. From the results of the study, the highest average bending strength value of 3733,55 MPa was obtained and an average roughness value of 31,8 HR was obtained for the 510°C tempered truck leaf springs. This also applies to the 510°C tempered car leaf springs, where the average bending strength value obtained is 3392,65 MPa and the average hardness value obtained is 29,5 HR. Thus, it is recommended that tempering heat treatment that can be applied to truck and car leaf springs be carried out at 510°C to increase the bending strength and ductility of the leaf springs.

Indonesia's aerospace sector plays a crucial role in maintaining national sovereignty. However, the country's airspace is often infiltrated by irresponsible parties, necessitating an effective monitoring system. Unmanned radio-controlled helicopters are a potential solution, although they are limited in range. This study aims to design a long-range control system for radio-controlled helicopters using satellite phone communication, which offers wide coverage and can reach remote areas. The system comprises a remote control, a radio converter circuit, an audio mixer, and a satellite phone. The radio converter functions to transform the radio control signal frequency into its original frequency without a carrier frequency, which is then re-converted to be compatible with satellite phone input for signal transmission. Test results indicate that the system can transmit control signals with adequate frequency stability within the expected range. Despite minor oscillator instability at certain stages, the system overall operates as designed. In conclusion, this satellite phone-based control system effectively extends the operational range of radio-controlled helicopters and serves as a strategic solution for monitoring Indonesia's airspace.

This study aims to analyze the use of imagery and images in the poems of Sapardi Djoko Damono through a structural approach. Using qualitative methods and Ferdinand de Saussure's structuralism theory, the research focuses on the linguistic structures that form visual, auditory, and kinesthetic imagery in Sapardi's works. The imagery in his poems functions as a medium to present images, sounds, and movements that evoke emotional and intellectual responses from readers. In this analysis, every word and phrase is examined as a sign consisting of the signifier and the signified, which together form rich poetic imagery. The findings indicate that Sapardi meticulously utilizes linguistic structures to create imagery that not only depicts the beauty of nature and everyday life but also conveys nuances of emotions such as solitude, longing, and love. This structural approach enables a deeper understanding of how imagery in Sapardi's poems communicates emotional and symbolic meanings, creating an intuitive and profound reading experience for the audience. This research is expected to contribute to the study of Indonesian poetry and enrich literary analysis perspectives through the structuralism approach.

Language is a communication system used by a group of people to convey thoughts, feelings, and information. Language can be in the form of speech, writing, or sign, and has a structure consisting of vocabulary, grammar, and phonology. Each language has unique characteristics that reflect the culture and history of the user community. The means of communication used by humans to interact, which consists of a system of symbols and sounds that are arbitrary and meaningful. The purpose of this research is to analyze the confixation process in the Madura language contained in the short story "Tèra' È Konco'na Alas" by Miftahur, a student of SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Jember. Language as an important means of communication for social interaction, has various aspects that need to be researched, including morphology. In this context, the suffix affixation becomes the main focus, where this process involves the addition of suffixes at the beginning and end of the base word, which is a combination of prefixes and suffixes. The use of suffixes in the Madura language is an important aspect that reflects the richness of language morphology. Research results show that suffixes in the Madura language have significant variations, such as suffixes that function to form verbs, nouns, and adjectives. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach, which emphasizes more on the presentation of meaning, description, and explanation of data in relevant contexts. In the use of suffix in making short stories in Madura language.

Throughout history, the church has faced various social, political, and cultural challenges that have continued to evolve over time. The church has functioned not only as a religious institution but also as an agent of change actively responding to social dynamics. In its early days, the church struggled to maintain its existence amid political persecution by the Roman Empire, followed by a process of adaptation when Christianity became the official religion. During the Middle Ages, the church responded to cultural transformations such as the Renaissance and played a significant role in education and intellectual development, although it often clashed with emerging new ideas. In the Reformation era, the church faced an internal crisis that led to major changes in doctrine and religious practices.

Modern cellular tissues have evolved into cell tensegrity structures, where cell strength and stability are established through supportive interactions. Tensegrity improves the efficiency of frequency spectrum use and signal quality in cellular networks. Research shows miRNAs play an important role in the regulation of gene expression in the immune system, providing new insights into the complexity of modern biological systems. Structural Design of Cellular Tissues involves computer simulation studies and laboratory experiments on cell tensegrity. Immune Regulation by MicroRNAs includes analysis of MiRNA gene expression and functionality using technologies such as microarrays and high-throughput sequencing. Data Integration includes identifying microRNA gene targets and understanding transcriptional regulation through methods such as reporter gene assays and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation to predict cellular responses in clinical scenarios. The complex interplay between cellular tensegratas mechanisms and immune regulation by microRNAs shows how widespread their interactions are in human biological systems. The cellular tensegratas structure helps improve intercellular communication, while immune regulation by microRNAs ensures the body's proper response to pathogens. Recent research on microRNAs has exposed their role in the development and function of mammalian immune cells. MiRNAs play an important role in the development and function of mammalian immune cells. The complex interactions between cellular tensile mechanisms and immune regulation by microRNAs demonstrate how structural and functional integration can improve the performance of human biological systems. Integration of these data provides a complete picture of the complexity of modern biological systems and their clinical implications in the diagnosis and treatment of immunological diseases.

The role of a lawyer is very necessary and important in order to help the defendant prepare and submit a defense memorandum (pledoi) from the perspective of legal argumentation which is based on logical and accountable thinking. We will discuss about the issued: how the defense memorandum (pledoi) functions for defendants undergoing the criminal case examination process and How aspect legal argumentation in the defense memorandum (pledoi) prepared by the lawyer. The conclusions obtained are first, the function of the defense memorandum (pledoi) for defendants undergoing the criminal case examination process is as a forum for the defendant to defend himself against the accusations or demands submitted by the public prosecutor and to convince the panel of judges trying the a quo case that the defendant should not be sentenced to justice. or at least punished with the lightest punishment possible. Second, the legal argumentation aspect in the defense memorandum (pledoi) prepared by the lawyer is a clear and logical explanation in the context of defense, rebuttal, and/or refutation of the public prosecutor's accusations and demands based on legal thoughts or views as a result of an interpretation or reasoning. law.

This study aims to explore the values of Pancasila, specifically the 3rd principle (Unity of Indonesia), in maintaining and anticipating unity and integrity within the national territory in the era of globalization. Unity and integrity are closely related to human resources with a Pancasila-oriented character, emphasizing peaceful approaches, mutual respect, understanding, and appreciation of cultural diversity to foster a sense of family and kinship. The findings of this study reveal that Pancasila, particularly the 3rd principle, has provided a strong bond of unity and integrity amidst societal changes in the globalization era. Pancasila serves as a source of strength, guiding Indonesia toward a golden era as a dignified nation within the global civilization. It functions as a pillar of life across various sectors such as social, economic, political, cultural, and defense, steering the nation toward a Pancasila-characterized Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) to achieve a prosperous and advanced Indonesia.

This study aimed to enhance sustainability awareness through eco-friendly creativity by introducing bamboo weaving training to elementary school students at SDN 3 Karangkobar. The training integrated cultural heritage with practical skills, emphasizing environmental conservation. The program involved sixth-grade students in hands-on activities, teaching them to transform bamboo into functional crafts. Findings revealed high enthusiasm from both students and teachers, highlighting the program's potential to foster creativity, entrepreneurial spirit, and environmental responsibility. The training also underscored the importance of utilizing local resources and preserving traditional crafts. Despite challenges such as limited materials and facilities, this initiative demonstrated the feasibility of embedding sustainability principles in education. Recommendations include curriculum adjustments to integrate local wisdom-based art education and increased support for creative, environment-focused learning methods.

This research aims to understand the functions and duties of the Secretariat of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) in assisting council members in carrying out their duties. According to the Mayor Regulation Number 34 of 2019, the Secretariat of the DPRD of Palangkaraya City consists of the following divisions: Secretary, General Affairs, Legislation Affairs, Sessions, Public Relations, and Budgeting and Supervision Facilities. Based on Law No. 32 of 2004 and Government Regulation No. 41 of 2007, the Secretariat of the DPRD is considered a "regional apparatus" that provides "administrative services" to the DPRD. This includes managing the DPRD's financial administration, supporting the duties and functions of the DPRD, and providing and coordinating the necessary experts for the DPRD. As explained earlier, the Secretariat of the DPRD plays a crucial and vital role in determining the effectiveness of the DPRD's services. Based on the research objectives outlined, the research method suitable for understanding the functions and duties of the Secretariat of the DPRD in assisting council members is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. This approach will allow the researcher to describe and analyze the empirical reality in-depth regarding the role of the Secretariat of the DPRD.

This study aims to determine the role of the Assistant Regional Secretariat of Palangka Raya City is very important in improving the performance of the Regional Secretariat apparatus in order to realize efficient and effective governance. This discussion highlights various aspects that influence the effectiveness of the role of the Assistant Regional Secretariat, such as coordination between regional apparatuses, human resource management (HR), budget management, performance monitoring, and employee motivation. Good coordination between regional apparatuses will facilitate the administration of government. In addition, competent HR management and efficient budget management are important factors in supporting the implementation of regional government programs. Performance monitoring and evaluation are also needed to ensure that every task and function of the Regional Secretariat apparatus runs according to plan. By considering all these factors, it is hoped that the performance of the Regional Secretariat apparatus can be more optimal and improve the quality of public services and regional government as a whole.  

The historical foundation of guidance and counselling (BK) in Indonesia plays an important role in shaping the practice of BK services in various educational institutions, including at SMK Negeri 2 Tasikmalaya. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach using interview, observation, and documentation methods aimed at examining the historical foundation and implementation of guidance and counselling (BK) services at SMK Negeri 2 Tasikmalaya, with resource person Mr Abdurrahman, one of the BK teachers. Currently, there are seven counselling teachers handling ±2,600 students with a ratio of 1:150. Each counselling teacher is responsible for one area, including mechanical, automotive, building, electrical, electrical, computer and broadcasting engineering. Observations showed that the school's counselling services include basic, responsive and specialisation services. The main challenges include the lack of counselling teachers, low understanding of the duties of counselling teachers by others, and complex student problems such as smoking. The counselling approach emphasises gradual reduction of negative behaviours and increasing students' trust in the counselling teacher through the principle of credit. The findings indicate the importance of increasing the number of counselling teachers to optimally meet students‘ needs and the need to educate school authorities about the duties and functions of counselling and provide a comprehensive overview of the strategic role of counselling in supporting students’ readiness to face academic and non-academic challenges.

"School Principal's Strategy for Improving Non-Academic Achievement of Students at SDN 081 Panyabungan". Student achievement is important because a school is most often and generally in the spotlight, namely the achievements obtained by students in both academic and non-academic fields. The achievement data for SDN 081 Panyabungan shows several non-academic achievements from 2017-2023, up to 24 non-academic achievements that have been achieved in those 6 years. This research aims to: 1) The principal's strategy in improving the non-academic achievement of students at SDN 081 Panyabungan, 2) Analysis of the interests and talents of students at SDN 081 Panyabungan, 3) Supporting and inhibiting factors for the principal's strategy in improving the non-academic achievement of participants Educated at SDN 081 Panyabungan. This research is a type of qualitative research with a descriptive approach with data analysis techniques, namely data collection, data reduction, drawing conclusions and presenting data. The research results found that 1) The principal's strategy in improving the non-academic achievement of students at SDN 081 Panyabungan uses management functions, namely planning, organizing, implementing, supervising. 2) Analysis of students' interests and talents, namely conducting surveys and interviews to find out interests and talents, asking what activities they like and activities they want to develop, 3) Supporting and inhibiting factors in implementing the principal's strategy in improving students' non-academic achievements, namely internal factors (interests and talents) and external factors (parents, society, school). The conclusion of this research is that non-academic education strategies are important for school principals and teachers to understand and pay attention to students' needs. Support from teachers, parents, the community and the school committee is also very important to achieve the goal of improving students' non-academic achievements.

This study examines Chairil Anwar's poem "Diponegoro" from the perspective of literary sociology, focusing on the analysis of the values ​​of struggle contained therein. This poem depicts the figure of Prince Diponegoro as a symbol of resistance against colonialism, which reflects the spirit of the Indonesian people's struggle during the colonial period. Through the approach of literary sociology according to Wellek and Warren. This analysis also pays attention to how Chairil Anwar uses the figure of Diponegoro to convey messages about courage, sacrifice, and steadfastness in fighting oppression. The results of the study show that the poem "Diponegoro" not only functions as an individual expression of the author, but also as a form of representation of the collective aspirations of the people who are fighting for independence. Thus, the values ​​of struggle in this poem have strong social relevance, illustrating the relationship between literary works and the social dynamics around them.

Hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein that functions to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. Anemia, caused by iron deficiency, can affect physical health and academic performance, particularly in adolescents and students. Factors such as diet, habits, and socio-economic status contribute to the incidence of anemia. Anemia can lead to fatigue, reduced concentration, and decreased physical endurance. Therefore, improving nutritional status is crucial to support health and academic achievement.

This research is motivated by the results of preliminary observations that there are still jobs that do not match the specified time, The ability to communicate and master information globally to be able to adapt to environmental changes is still relatively low, The inability of each employee to implement full accountability (personal accountability) in accordance with their field of duty and function, Weak acceleration of completion of work tasks that can result in time delays, The weak ability to compile activity agendas that prioritize the needs of supporting work for autonomous regional apparatuses that are best practice, The inability to create a collaborative network (net working) with related autonomous apparatus agencies/agencies in compiling work agendas to support the smooth running of the tasks of the Regent of Ciamis. The method used is a quantitative descriptive research method. The population in this study was 49 people. The sampling technique used the total sample technique, thus the sample in this study was 49 people. The data collection technique used a questionnaire. The results of the study were as follows: The competence of employees of the Ciamis Regency Regional Development Planning Agency is included in the good category. This shows that employees of the Ciamis Regency Regional Development Planning Agency have good competence in terms of Behavioral Tools, Image Attributes, and Personal Characteristics. The performance of employees of the Ciamis Regency Regional Development Planning Agency is included in the good category. This shows that employees of the Ciamis Regency Regional Development Planning Agency have good employee performance in terms of quantity of work, quality of work, job knowledge, creativeness, cooperation, dependability, initiative, personal qualities. Employee competence has a positive effect on the performance of employees of the Ciamis Regency Regional Development Planning Agency. This means that if employees have high competence, then employee performance will be even higher. Because the provision for achieving performance is the existence of competence.

This article analyzes monetary policy in the context of global economic challenges and its impact on economic stability and growth. In the era of globalization, dynamic changes in the global economy influence monetary policy which functions to maintain price stability and encourage growth. This research uses a qualitative research method with a literature review approach from international journals indexed by Scopus which were published in 2020-2024. The results of the research are that this research refers to several economic theories and previous studies which show that responsive monetary policy can contribute to controlling inflation and economic recovery. However, challenges such as market volatility, financial crises, and political instability are of major concern. This research concludes that the effectiveness of monetary policy varies between developed and developing countries, as well as the importance of collaboration between fiscal and monetary policy to achieve sustainable economic goals.