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This research was carried out at the Ugi Village Office, Sabbangparu District, Wajo Regency. The implementation of the research will start from March to June 2024. This study aims to find out the working environment of employees at the Ugi Village Office, Sabbanparu District, Wajo Regency, to find out the organizational commitment at the Ugi Village Office, Sabbangparu District, Wajo Regency, and to find out the relationship between the work environment and organizational commitment at the Ugi Village Office, Sabbangparu District, Wajo Regency. The method used is a census type with a quantitative associative approach.The results of this study show that the work environment carried out at the Ugi Kacamatan Sabbangparu Village Office, Wajo Regency, has a value of 297 and is included in the category of both the average ideal value in the dimensions of the physical work environment and the non-physical work environment. The organizational commitment at the Ugi Village Office, Sabbangparu District, Wajo Regency is included in the good category with a score of 361 from the average ideal value. This is seen from the dimension of organizational commitment based on personalization, job characteristics, structural characteristics and work experience. To find out the work environment is positively and significantly related to the organization's commitment to the Ugi Village Office, Sabbangparu District, Wajo Regency.    

This research was carried out at the Ugi Village Office, Sabbangparu District, Wajo Regency. The research will begin from March to June 2024. This research aims to determine the work environment of employees at the Ugi Village Office, Sabbanparu District, Wajo Regency, to determine organizational commitment at the Ugi Village Office, Sabbangparu District, Wajo Regency, and to determine the relationship between the work environment and organizational commitment at the Office. Ugi Village, Sabbangparu District, Wajo Regency. The method used is a census type with a quantitative associative approach. The results of this research show that the work environment carried out at the Ugi Village Office, Sabbangparu Subdistrict, Wajo Regency, has a score of 297 and is included in the good category of the average ideal score in the dimensions of the physical work environment and non-physical work environment. Organizational commitment at the Ugi Village Office, Sabbangparu District, Wajo Regency is included in the good category with a score of 361 from the average ideal score. This can be seen from the dimensions of organizational commitment based on personal, job characteristics, structural characteristics and work experience. To find out that the work environment has a positive and significant relationship to organizational commitment at the Ugi Village Office, Sabbangparu District, Wajo Regency.

Salted squid is a substitution in development. After realizing the importance of these foods as a source of body nutrients, consumption of salted squid has increased. However, there are still many traders who use formalin to preserve salted squid. Some characteristics of salted squid containing formalin are clean, fly-free, and do not rot at room temperature for more than a month. One way to reduce the formalin content in salted squid before cooking can be by soaking it with lime. Because lime contains a lot of organic acids in the form of citric acid. This study was conducted to determine the optimal concentration of lime to reduce formalin levels and see the significant effect of lime concentration on reducing formalin levels in salted squid. The research method used in this study is Pre Experiment with one group pre test post test design. Formalin identification was carried out qualitatively using distillation and the addition of chromatropic acid and quantitatively using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 570nm. The formalin level in squid was 0.1682ppm. Samples were treated by soaking with lime juice with a concentration of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% with a duration of time of 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, the results showed the highest decrease in formalin levels at a soaking time of 5 hours with a concentration of 100% lime juice.

Foundations are structural elements that play a crucial role in ensuring the stability and safety of buildings; therefore, understanding soil characteristics and stratification is a critical stage in geotechnical design. This study aims to analyze soil characteristics and stratification using Cone Penetration Test (CPT) data as a basis for determining safe and efficient foundation depth. The research method employed a quantitative–descriptive approach utilizing CPT test data obtained from two test points at the research site in Blitar City, East Java. The analyzed parameters include cone resistance (qc), sleeve friction (fs), and friction ratio (Rf), which were recorded continuously with depth in accordance with ASTM D3441-86. The results indicate that the shallow soil layer up to a depth of approximately 2.0 m is dominated by fine-grained soils with low qc values and high Rf values, making it unsuitable as a foundation bearing layer. The soil layer with the most favorable mechanical characteristics was identified at a depth of approximately 5.5–6.0 m, characterized by high and relatively stable qc values and low Rf values, indicating dense coarse-grained soil. Variations in the depth of hard soil layers between test points suggest lateral variability in subsurface conditions. These findings confirm that CPT data are effective for identifying soil stratification and providing preliminary recommendations for foundation depth in geotechnical planning.

Aggregate is the main component of road pavement structure, namely 90-95% of the weight of the pavement. Such a large proportion means that the quality of the aggregate used will greatly determine the overall performance of the pavement. The availability of quality aggregate is absolutely necessary to ensure the sustainability of development in the road construction sector. One area that has aggregate potential that has not been utilized optimally is Kandang Mbelang Village, Lawe Bulan. The aim of this research is to determine the characteristics of the Marshall, UCS, ITS test values ​​and the permeability of asphalt mixtures using the excavated material of Kandang Mbelang, Lawe Bulan as aggregate. This research uses experimental methods carried out in the laboratory with variations in asphalt content of 4.5%, 5%, 5.5% and 6% for the Marshall test and obtains Optimum Asphalt Content (KAO). For ITS, UCS and permeability testing, Optimum Asphalt Content was used with three samples each. Hypothesis testing for data comparison uses the T test method. The use of Kandang Mbelang aggregate in the AC-WC spec IV mixture produces a stability value of 711.5 kg, a flow value of 3.48 mm, a porosity value of 16.077%, a density value of 2.016 gr/ cm3 and Marshall Quotient value 215.823 kg/mm ​​at Optimum Asphalt Content of 5.3%. The average ITS value is 319.024 KPa, the average UCS value is 6,982.237 KPa, while the average permeability coefficient value is 7.14x10-4 cm/s. Through the T test statistical method, it is known that the use of the Kandang Mbelang aggregate for the AC-WC spec IV mixture does not cause changes in the stability, flow, ITS and UCS values. Real changes only occur for density values, porosity values ​​and permeability coefficients.

Kudus Regency has a distinctive variety of duku plant known as duku Sumber. The characteristics of duku farmers in Kudus Regency are different. The aim of this research is to describe the characteristics of duku farmers in Kudus Regency and determine the income of duku farming in Kudus Regency. The basic method used in this research is the descriptive method. The research location was determined purposively in the duku producing area in Kudus Regency. The research sample was 65 respondents. Table analysis was carried out to describe the characteristics of duku farmers, cost and income analysis was carried out to determine the costs and income incurred by farmers in duku farming. The results of the research show that the majority of duku farmers in Kudus Regency are of productive age and use duku Sumber farming as a side job. The highest level of education is high school graduates with an average of 25.95 years of duku farming experience. On average, farmers have 3.35 duku plants. The average duku production is 113 kg/plant with an average selling price of Rp. 28,359 per kilogram. Receipt Rp. 4,839,615,- per plant obtained from an average cost of Rp. 2,195,919,- in the form of fixed costs of Rp. 1,826,557.58,- and variable costs of Rp. 369,362,-. The income generated is IDR. 13,015,267.61 per plant.  

This paper investigates the stability characteristics of fractional order differential equations (FODEs) incorporating time delays. Using the Lyapunov-Krasovskii method, we derive sufficient conditions for the stability of solutions to these delayed fractional systems. The theoretical findings are applied to several examples, including models of population dynamics and engineering systems. Numerical simulations validate the theoretical results, demonstrating the role of time delays in system behavior and stability.

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) has a number of favorable characteristics, such as reproducing easily, rapid growth, resistance to sub-ideal environmental conditions, and survival in high salt water. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comprehensive literature review on the reproductive biology of tilapia in Indonesian waters. This research method is in the form of secondary data which is used as the main source in the descriptive approach of literature review studies. The results showed that male tilapia grew faster than female tilapia, and female tilapia required a greater amount of energy for the maturation of its eggs. Female tilapia has a higher gonad maturity index than male tilapia in Indonesian waters. Types of tilapia vary. With a size of ± 3 mm, the diameter of tilapia eggs is very diverse.

This study aims to identify the abundance of macrozoobenthos in Situ Cijeruk, Sukabumi Regency, West Java. Sampling was conducted at five stations with different environmental characteristics: Station 1 (Inlet), Station 2 (Succession Waters), Station 3 (Area with Human Activities), Station 4 (Outlet), and Station 5 (Industrially Polluted Waters). The purposive sampling method was used in this study, with sediment collected using an Eckman grab. The results identified five species of macrozoobenthos: Brotia testudinaria, Thiara scabra, Penaeus merguiensis (De Man), Radix rubiginosa, and Tylomelania. The highest abundance was found at Station 2 with 50 individuals/m², while the lowest was at Station 3 with 8 individuals/m².

This research aims to analyze and explain the implementation of the social inclusion-based library transformation policy at Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur Archives and Libraries Office. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study research type and data collection procedures using in-depth interviews. The research findings show that the implementation of the Social Inclusion-Based Library Transformation (SIBLT) policy at the Office of Archives and Libraries of Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur has not been carried out massively. This is due to various factors, such as limited resources, including budget, time, human resources, and facilities and infrastructure; miscommunication between related organizations that have the authority to implement SIBLT; poor characteristics of the implementing agency, limited competence and number of staff, inconsistent level of hierarchical control, and poor formal and informal relationships between agencies; economic, social, and political factors, where economic resources are limited, community involvement is quite low, and support from the provincial government is inconsistent; implementing disposition issues, where SIBLT policy implementing actors do not have sufficient understanding of the program in question, and program implementing staff do not have sufficient intensity in implementing the SIBLT program.

Indonesian language subjects consist of several subjects that require students to be able to write, one of which is writing expository texts. The student participants had problems in writing material, especially writing expository texts, which was proven by the average score which was still not optimal. The formulation of the problem raised in this research is how the window shopping type cooperative learning model influences the ability to write expository texts of class X students at Budisatrya Medan Private High School. This research aims to determine the effect of the window shopping type cooperative learning model on the ability to write expository texts of class X students at Budisatrya Medan Private High School. This research is a type of quantitative research using experimental methods, a research method used to determine the effect of a treatment on the characteristics of the subjects studied. The data collection techniques used in this research were observation techniques, interview techniques and test techniques, with data sources consisting of 35 students. Based on data analysis, it can be concluded that: The window shopping type cooperative learning model has an influence on the ability to write expository texts in class This can be seen and proven by the average post-test results for the control class being 69.857 with the average post-test results for the experimental class being 85.

This research was motivated by analyzing the use of language styles in the novel Garis Tiket by Fiersa Besari. Language style in writing literary works has an important role in fiction stories because it is one of the factors that can determine whether a literary work is good or bad. Therefore, the author uses an interesting language style to express his ideas. The novel timeline by Fiersa Besari is a fictional story that uses various forms of language styles and has its own characteristics. The formulation of the problem in this research is how the language style manifests itself in the novel Garis Tiket by Fiersa Besari. The aim of this research is to describe the form of language style in the novel Garis Tiket by Fiersa Besari. The research method used is qualitative descriptive research. Qualitative research was used to analyze the form of language style in the novel Garis Tiket by Fiersa Besari. The data source used in this research is the written data source in Fiersa Besari's second edition of the novel Garis Uangi in 2021, which consists of 211 pages. The data in this research are paragraphs in the form of all the words, phrases, clauses and sentences contained in the novel Garis Kunci by Fiersa Besari. Based on the results of research analysis of the form of language style in the novel Garis Zaman by Fiersa Besari, forty-seven data were found, including five data for simile language style, three data for metaphor, six data for epic parables, eleven data for personification, ten data for metonymy, four data for synecdoche. and allegories totaling eight data. The language style most often used in the novel Garis Analisa by Fiersa Besari is personification.

This research was motivated by analyzing the use of language styles in the novel Garis Tiket by Fiersa Besari. Language style in writing literary works has an important role in fiction stories because it is one of the factors that can determine whether a literary work is good or bad. Therefore, the author uses an interesting language style to express his ideas. The novel timeline by Fiersa Besari is a fictional story that uses various forms of language styles and has its own characteristics. The formulation of the problem in this research is how the language style manifests itself in the novel Garis Tiket by Fiersa Besari. The aim of this research is to describe the form of language style in the novel Garis Tiket by Fiersa Besari. The research method used is qualitative descriptive research. Qualitative research was used to analyze the form of language style in the novel Garis Tiket by Fiersa Besari. The data source used in this research is the written data source in Fiersa Besari's second edition of the novel Garis Uangi in 2021, which consists of 211 pages. The data in this research are paragraphs in the form of all the words, phrases, clauses and sentences contained in the novel Garis Kunci by Fiersa Besari. Based on the results of research analysis of the form of language style in the novel Garis Zaman by Fiersa Besari, forty-seven data were found, including five data for simile language style, three data for metaphor, six data for epic parables, eleven data for personification, ten data for metonymy, four data for synecdoche. and allegories totaling eight data. The language style most often used in the novel Garis Analisa by Fiersa Besari is personification.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that has certain characteristics. One of them is the diagnosis of autistic comorbidity, namely Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), nonpharmacological treatments are considered quite effective including dietary interventions. Hyperactive behavior in autistic children that has an impact in the form of difficulty in poor attention span to impulsiveness. Gluten free diet, casein free diet is recommended in the application of therapy in autistic people, this diet is one type of complementary therapy, which is carried out by regulating consumption patterns in autistic children. Objective: to determine the difference in the level of hyperactivity of autistic children between groups who apply gluten free, casein free diet with not applying gluten free, casein free diet. Method: comparative study by looking at the comparison between two groups with a total sampling technique of 20 people. Results: The level of hyperactivity in children on a gluten free diet, casein free as many as 9 (45%) respondents and 11 (55%) respondents did not do a gluten free diet, casein free obtained Mann Whitney U test results with a p-value of 0.027 where the p-value <0.05 or (0.027<0.05). Conclusion: Autistic children who apply a gluten free, casein free diet seem to have quite good attention than autistic children who do not apply a gluten free casein free diet. Suggestion: It is hoped that parents who have autistic children can adopt a gluten free diet, casein free as an alternative therapy.

Instant noodles have various brands with several innovations and their own characteristics that can attract the attention of consumers and fans. This creates tight competition for business people to maintain market share. This research aims to determine the influence of product variations and prices simultaneously on the decision to purchase MIE GAGA 100. The influence of product variations and prices partially on the decision to purchase MIE GAGA 100. The method used in this research is a quantitative method with a research sample of 100 MIE consumers GAGA in Tasikmalaya City. Sampling used purposive sampling and the analysis method used was multiple linear regression. Based on research results, product variations are classified as good, prices are classified as very good and purchasing decisions are classified as good. The test results show that product variations and prices perception simultaneously have a significant effect on purchasing decisions. Product variations partially have a significant effect on purchasing decisions and prices perception  partially have a significant effect on purchasing decisions.

The research aims to determine the effect of independent learning on the learning activity of class IV students at SD Negeri 14 Tanjungan, Simanindo District, Samosir Regency. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive influence between independent learning in Christian Religious Education and Characteristics on the active learning of class IV students at SD Negeri 14 Tanjungan, Simanindo District, Samosir Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024. This research method is descriptive quantitative. The population of all class IV students at SD Negeri 14 Tanjungan for the 2023/2024 academic year is 35 people. The sampling is the entire population so this research is population research. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. The results of the analysis requirements obtained a value of rxy=0.476>rtable=0.334 indicating that there is a positive relationship between freedom to learn Christian Religious Education and Character and student learning activeness. Regression test results obtained: a) Regression equation. b) The determination test showed that the percentage of independent learning influence of Christian Religious Education and Character on the active learning of class IV students at SD Negeri 14 Tanjungan was 22.66%. Hypothesis testing obtained Fcount=12.152>Ftable=3.32, so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The research concluded that there was a positive influence between independent learning in Christian Religious Education and Characteristics on the active learning of class IV students at SD Negeri 14 Tanjungan, Simanindo District, Samosir Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024.    

In the literature study related to evaluating the efficiency and profitability of Islamic insurance through financial statement analysis, previous studies highlighted various methods and approaches used to measure the performance of Islamic insurance companies. Financial statement analysis is the main focus in identifying factors that affect the operational efficiency and profitability of Islamic insurance companies. Some studies have used traditional financial ratios such as solvency, liquidity, and profitability ratios to evaluate the performance of Islamic insurance. However, due to the unique characteristics of Islamic insurance, studies have also proposed the development of specific metrics that take into account sharia principles, such as sharia compliance ratios and fairness ratios. In addition, non-financial approaches such as technical efficiency and allocative efficiency analysis have also been used to evaluate the operational efficiency of Islamic insurance. This research shows that factors such as scale of operations, business diversification, and managerial efficiency can contribute to the efficiency performance and profitability of Islamic insurance companies. Although there have been many studies conducted in this domain, there is still a need for more in-depth follow-up research to better understand the factors that influence the efficiency and profitability of Islamic insurance. With a better understanding of the performance of Islamic insurance companies, regulators and practitioners can develop more effective strategies to improve the stability and growth of this industry.

In the world of education, learning difficulties are a complex problem that can have a significant impact on student academic achievement. Analysis of causal factors and solutions is important in understanding these dynamics. Factors that cause learning difficulties include health conditions, learning environment, and individual characteristics of students. The impact of learning difficulties can be felt in declining grades, emotional disturbances, and limitations in developing students' potential. However, through the right approach, solutions can be found. Solutions such as learning differentiation, additional support programs, and partnerships with parents are key in helping students overcome learning difficulties and improve their academic performance. These steps provide opportunities for all students to reach their optimal learning potential. This research explores in depth the relationship between learning difficulties and academic achievement, and analyzes the underlying causal factors. Through a better understanding of these issues, educators, education professionals, and parents can work together to create learning environments that are inclusive, supportive, and facilitate students' holistic development. This will have a positive impact in improving student learning outcomes and preparing them for success in the future.      

All organizations have unique characteristics that distinguish them from other organizations. These traits form the identity of the organization. Organizational culture can help the performance of its members because it increases their motivation to give their best to take advantage of the opportunities their organization offers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of student organizational culture in one of the BEM of a private university in Yogyakarta. The subjects in this study amounted to 3 members of the Student Executive Board. This research uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. The results showed that the characteristics of Organizational Culture in BEM are respect to time, respect to people, respect to system, respect to yourself and responsibility.

Javanese culture and society, which has various styles, is characterized by a common identity, both through physical characteristics and other more abstract characteristics. Similarity of identity is physically sensed through the physiognomy produced by a clan/tribe/clan and cultural products. Meanwhile, abstract similarities take the form of views on life, ways of thinking, structure of society, belief systems, and so on. One form of similarity in the way of life and beliefs of the Javanese people can be observed in the paradigm of identifying human character through the weton and neptu approaches. Weton and Neptu are considered and believed to be a way to recognize one's character and potential from something abstract to something relatively more concrete. In the Javanese belief system, character and potential are two things that determine the development of culture and the success of life of the Javanese people themselves. So, empirically weton and neptu are a way of life that must be taken in order to be happy and prosperous.