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The People’s Palm Oil Replanting Program (PSR) is a national policy aimed at improving the productivity of smallholder plantations through the replanting of aging and unproductive oil palm trees. This study reviews the implementation of PSR in Indonesia by analyzing ten scholarly articles through a literature study approach. The findings indicate that program effectiveness is significantly influenced by technical support such as training, mentoring, the application of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), and strategic partnerships for harvest absorption. However, implementation faces several challenges, including limited human resources, damaged equipment, inadequate funding, prolonged replanting periods, weak coordination among stakeholders, and lack of policy dissemination. Local institutions such as cooperatives (KUD) and farmer groups (Gapoktan) play crucial roles in ensuring program sustainability and inclusiveness by acting as managers and conflict mediators. Although farmers are generally ready and actively participate, regulatory constraints—particularly the requirement of financial guarantors—remain a barrier. The study recommends strengthening local institutional capacity, enhancing stakeholder synergy, and simplifying financial schemes as strategic steps to improve the long-term effectiveness of the PSR program.

Dapoer Ibu is a Program of LAZIS Jateng Al-Ihsan Pekalongan, located in Rejosari Village, Bojong, Pekalongan. Contains of housewives who manage and develop catering businesses. This business is empowered by Lazis Jateng Al Ihsan to improve the economic of living of mustahiq so that they are free from poverty. This study aims to determine the strategy for managing ZIS funds for the Dapoer Ibu Lazis Jateng Al-Ihsan Program and how to improve the welfare of mustahik through the Dapoer Ibu community program. This study uses descriptive qualitative research. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study show that Lazis Jateng Al-Ihsan Pekalongan in managing ZIS funds for the empowerment of the Dapoer Ibu community, it has implemented the POAC management function in the field. The stages of implementing the management function include planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling. In improving the welfare of mustahiq Lazis Jateng Al-Ihsan applies the concept of community empowerment in the form of: participation, access to information, capacity building, justice and equality, independence, and sustainability. By implementing this concept, the implementation of the program can be easier, and they can feel the results of this program sustainably.

This study examines strategies for enhancing community participation in regional development planning by implementing bottom-up approaches. As democratic governance evolves, the need for meaningful citizen engagement in development planning becomes increasingly critical for ensuring sustainable and equitable outcomes. This research analyzes the effectiveness of participatory planning mechanisms, identifies barriers to community engagement, and proposes innovative strategies for strengthening bottom-up development planning processes. Using a comparative case study methodology across six regional governments, this study evaluates various participatory instruments including citizen forums, participatory budgeting, community mapping, and digital engagement platforms. The findings reveal that successful bottom-up planning requires institutional commitment, capacity building, cultural sensitivity, and sustained dialogue between government and communities. The study provides a framework for designing and implementing effective participatory planning systems that genuinely incorporate community voices in regional development decisions.

This study examines strategies for enhancing community participation in regional development planning by implementing bottom-up approaches. As democratic governance evolves, the need for meaningful citizen engagement in development planning becomes increasingly critical for ensuring sustainable and equitable outcomes. This research analyzes the effectiveness of participatory planning mechanisms, identifies barriers to community engagement, and proposes innovative strategies for strengthening bottom-up development planning processes. Using a comparative case study methodology across six regional governments, this study evaluates various participatory instruments including citizen forums, participatory budgeting, community mapping, and digital engagement platforms. The findings reveal that successful bottom-up planning requires institutional commitment, capacity building, cultural sensitivity, and sustained dialogue between government and communities. The study provides a framework for designing and implementing effective participatory planning systems that genuinely incorporate community voices in regional development decisions.

Oil palm development in Indonesia faces various agronomic constraints, especially related to soil chemical properties that are less supportive of productivity. This study aims to identify the status of soil chemical properties on oil palm land in Saliki Village, Muara Badak District, East Kalimantan, to support more appropriate land management. The research was conducted from September to November 2024 using a purposive random sampling method on 13 hectares of land, with six sampling center points and four subsamples per point. Laboratory analysis was conducted on soil pH, C-organic content, total N, available P, potential K, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and base saturation. The results showed that the soil in the 6-year-old oil palm land had a pH of 3.63-3.93 and base saturation of 13.69-13.81%, while at the age of 15 years, the pH decreased to 3.12-3.38 and base saturation was only 4.62-6.95%. Meanwhile, available P and potential K levels tended to increase with increasing plant age. Based on these findings, fertilization is recommended according to the IOPRI standard for mineral soils as follows: for 6 years old, urea 2.75 kg/year, TSP 1.75 kg/year, and KCl 2.75 kg/year, while for 11 and 15 years old, urea 3.25 kg/year, TSP 2 kg/year, and KCl 3 kg/year. This study emphasizes the importance of periodic monitoring of soil chemical properties as a basis for sustainable management of oil palm plantations.

This study aims to analyze the strategy of strengthening beef cattle farming through an integrated agribusiness subsystem approach at the Sebatur Tunggal Farmer Group in Muara Badak District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. The background of this study is based on the importance of developing an integrated agribusiness system to increase the productivity and competitiveness of smallholder livestock farming, especially in the face of challenges such as feed availability, market access, and institutional and technological support. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach, where data is collected through observation, in-depth interviews with members of farmer groups and related parties, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that each agribusiness subsystem—starting from the input subsystem (upstream), cultivation subsystem (on-farm), processing and marketing subsystem (downstream), to supporting subsystems such as institutions, capital, and technology—is still running partially and has not been optimally integrated. The main problems identified include limited access to quality feed, low application of efficient cultivation technology, limitations in processing livestock products, and weak marketing and partnership networks. In addition, the institutional capacity of farmer groups to manage businesses collectively still needs to be strengthened. The conclusion of this study states that the strategy for strengthening beef cattle farming businesses needs to be focused on developing an integrated agribusiness system with support from training, extension, access to inputs and markets, and cross-sector collaboration. The main recommendation is the need for policy interventions that encourage synergy between subsystems and empower farmers through a participatory and sustainable approach to create a resilient and competitive community farm.

Inclusive empowerment is a village development approach that emphasizes the active involvement of vulnerable groups—such as women, the elderly, people with disabilities , and the poor—in all stages of planning through to evaluation. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Village-Owned Enterprises ( BUMDes ) program in Daha Utara District, South Kalimantan, in ensuring participation and accessibility for these groups. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews with BUMDes managers and representatives of vulnerable groups. The evaluation was conducted based on William N. Dunn's six policy indicators: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, fairness, responsiveness , and accuracy. The results show that the BUMDes program has had a limited positive impact on increasing the income of vulnerable groups, but their involvement is still limited, both in terms of participation and physical access. The main challenges include the lack of disability- friendly infrastructure , minimal capacity training, and community resistance due to low program transparency. On the other hand, local cultural support such as mutual cooperation, involvement of traditional leaders, and partnerships with the village government are important supporting factors. This study recommends increasing human resource capacity, strengthening inclusive infrastructure, socialization based on local wisdom, and adaptive digitalization to expand access. With strategic intervention, BUMDes is expected to be able to transform into a driving force for fair, participatory and sustainable village development.

The present study aims to prepare the aqueous extract of the frankincense plant and then identify the most important biologically active substances in it, and study the effect of these substances against free radicals (2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH)) and Total Antioxidant Capacity. Then the effect of extract was tested on the blood serum of Alzheimer's patients in the nursing home in Diwaniyah Governorate, where 30 people were taken. 10 of them were healthy and were considered a positive control groupG1, and 20 of them were Alzheimer's patients, where 10 of them were considered a negative control groupG2, and the other 10 Alzheimer's patients had their serum treated with the extract of frankincenseG3. The effect of the extract on malondialdehyde and acetylcholinesterase enzyme was tested. The current study showed that extract contains biologically active substances such as (Flavonoids, Phenols, Tannins Triterpenoids, Steroids and Saponins) and these substances had an effective effect in inhibiting the radical (DPPH) where the inhibition rate reached 88% at (250mg/ml) and Total Antioxidant Capacity was (8.8*103 µmol/L) at the same concentration. That results also showed the significant rise in the concentration malonaldehyde in Alzheimer’s patients (G2, G3) when compared with G1. When the G3 was treated with the aqueous extract, a decrease in the concentration of malonaldehyde (3.23µml/l) was observed. The significant reduction in the Activity of the Acetylcholinesterase enzyme (3.97U/ml) was also observed in the (G3) as compared with(G2) (12.297U/ml). This is due to the biologically active substances in the extract, which indicates the possibility of using this extract to treat Alzheimer's patients in the future.

Waste management has become a critical issue in efforts to create a clean and sustainable environment, particularly in Klungkung Regency, which has seen a significant increase in waste generation following the COVID-19 pandemic. One of the local government’s initiatives to address this issue is the establishment of waste banks, including the Lestari Waste Bank in Besang Village. This study aims to analyze the influence of community participation, sustainable economic literacy, and environmental policy on the performance of the waste bank. The research was conducted in Besang Village, covering three sub-village areas: Besang Kawan, Besang Tengah, and Besang Kangin, with a total of 182 waste bank customers as respondents. A quantitative approach was employed using multiple linear regression analysis. The findings indicate that community participation significantly contributes to improving the effectiveness of the waste bank program. Furthermore, community understanding of sustainable economic principles influences individual mindsets and waste-sorting behavior. In addition, environmental policies implemented by the local government strengthen the institutional capacity of waste banks to manage waste systematically and sustainably. Therefore, the collaboration between community involvement, economic understanding, and policy support is key to the success of waste banks as a community-based waste management solution.

The mentoring activity for preparing regional development planning documents at Bapperida Bangkalan Regency is part of a community service program aimed at improving the effectiveness of public administration. During the program, students were directly involved in collecting and processing data, analyzing program performance indicators, and assisting in drafting and evaluating planning documents such as the RKPD, RPJMD, and RPD. This activity also supported the budgeting process, program consistency assessment, and public service performance measurement through the Community Satisfaction Survey (SKM). The results of the mentoring program show that collaboration between academia and local government can improve work efficiency, the quality of planning documents, and the capacity of civil servants in developing data-driven policies. This activity not only benefited the institution but also served as a real-world learning experience for students in understanding public administration practices at the regional level.

West Sumatra Province, particularly Tanah Datar Regency, is one of Indonesia’s disaster-prone regions, recently affected by a cold lahar flood triggered by the volcanic activity of Mount Marapi. This disaster caused severe infrastructure damage and fatalities, posing significant challenges to the effectiveness of social aid distribution under emergency conditions. This study aims to analyze the implementation of adaptive governance principles in the distribution of social assistance by the Social Affairs Office of Tanah Datar Regency, focusing on four main pillars: collaboration, coordination, social capital development, and capacity building. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, involving in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation of 15 key informants from various stakeholders. The findings reveal that collaborative and coordinative practices have been functionally applied but remain largely informal and undocumented within a systematic framework. Community social capital played a critical role in supporting aid distribution, though it has yet to be fully institutionalized. Meanwhile, institutional and human resource capacity faces limitations, particularly in the use of information technology and preparedness for large-scale disasters. The study concludes that the application of adaptive governance in disaster management requires strengthened coordination structures, real-time information systems, and active community engagement across all governance processes. This research contributes both theoretically and practically to developing a more resilient, inclusive, and responsive model for post-disaster social aid distribution.

This study aims to analyze the role of information technology in improving the effectiveness of public administration in Indonesia. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this research highlights how technology supports administrative simplification, transparency, and responsiveness to public needs. The study finds that national platforms such as SP4N-LAPOR!, OSS-RBA, and SIPD have contributed to reducing bureaucratic barriers and enhancing public service quality. However, challenges such as digital literacy gaps and infrastructure inequality persist, requiring continuous improvement strategies. The conclusion emphasizes that adaptive policies and human resource capacity development are key to maximizing the benefits of technology in public administration.

Reliable internet connectivity is a crucial element in supporting work effectiveness at the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) in Central Lombok. However, users of the internal WiFi network have reported various issues, including inconsistent speed and weak signal stability. This study aims to analyze user satisfaction with the WiFi network services using the Servqual method, which assesses service quality based on five dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. A quantitative approach was employed by distributing questionnaires to employees and staff who utilize the network. Data analysis was conducted by measuring the gap between users’ expectations and their perceptions of the service quality. The results show that most dimensions experienced a negative gap, particularly responsiveness (-0.47) and tangibles (-0.40), indicating inadequate response speed and suboptimal infrastructure conditions. Conversely, assurance (+0.40) and empathy (+0.27) showed positive gaps, reflecting users’ trust in the competence of IT staff and their perceived attentiveness. These findings highlight the need for technical evaluations, infrastructure improvements, and capacity building of human resources through regular training. This research contributes to the understanding of information technology service quality in the public sector and provides a foundation for strategic decision-making to enhance digital services. Moreover, the study encourages further research using mixed methods to gain a more comprehensive understanding of user satisfaction with WiFi services in government institutions.

This study aims to examine the obstacles and role of the Village Government in the mediation process of family inheritance disputes in Sitampa Simatoras Village, Batang Angkola District, South Tapanuli Regency. Land inheritance disputes often cause internal family conflicts that disturb public peace. This study uses a normative and qualitative approach with primary data through interviews and secondary data from literature and laws and regulations. The results of the study show that the Village Head has an important role as a mediator in resolving disputes, but faces various obstacles. The main obstacles include the emotional attitude of the parties to the dispute, the lack of written evidence and witnesses, the low legal knowledge of the village government, and the lack of standard guidelines on mediation mechanisms at the village level. Even so, the Village Head still tries to carry out his role by bringing together the parties and involving traditional leaders to reach a peace agreement. If mediation fails, then the Village Head suggests a settlement through legal channels. This research emphasizes the importance of strengthening the legal capacity of village governments and the need for clearer regulations regarding the implementation of mediation at the village level as a preventive effort to resolve family-based agrarian conflicts.

The development of digital technology has provided convenience in various aspects of life, but also presents new challenges in the form of cybercrime. One of the increasingly widespread modes in Indonesia is the spread of APK (Android Package Kit)-based malware via short messages offering fake job vacancies or fictitious package notifications. When the victim downloads and installs the application, the perpetrator gains access to personal data and banking accounts, which are then used for criminal acts. This phenomenon causes great financial and emotional losses for the community and tests the effectiveness of criminal law in dealing with technology-based cybercrime. This study uses a normative juridical approach with an analysis of laws and regulations, scientific literature, and actual case studies. The results of the study show that the perpetrators can be charged with Articles 30, 32, and 35 of the ITE Law, as well as provisions in the new Criminal Code. However, the implementation of law enforcement still faces challenges, such as digital evidence, limited investigator capacity, and minimal cross-country cooperation. Therefore, cyber law policy reform, increasing digital literacy in the community, and strengthening coordination between law enforcement agencies are needed.

Natural and non-natural disasters significantly disrupt healthcare systems, particularly obstetric and gynecological services, which are highly vulnerable to service interruptions and quality decline. Pregnant women, postpartum mothers, and newborns face an increased risk of complications and mortality without adequate medical care. Health professionals play a crucial role in ensuring the continuity of reproductive health services through the implementation of the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP), emergency management, health education, and intersectoral coordination. However, challenges such as limited resources, psychological pressure, and lack of specialized training hinder optimal performance. Therefore, strengthening the capacity of healthcare workers, enhancing disaster preparedness, providing adequate logistics, and enacting supportive governmental policies are essential to maintain effective obstetric-gynecological care during crises. This literature review comprehensively discusses the role of health workers in ensuring reproductive health services in disaster settings as a strategy to improve access and service quality during emergencies.

Empty oil palm bunches processed by palm oil mills in Indonesia are still abundant, reaching 56.35 million tons per year. Empty oil palm bunches contain around 40% cellulose, so they can still be used for various derivative products, one of which is composite products. The use of empty oil palm bunches as raw materials for Bioplastic production is a series of ongoing research, one of which is starch-cellulose blend, but until now it has not been successfully commercialized. The design of the starch cellulose blend bioplastic industry using palm oil as raw material produces two factories, namely a cellulose factory and a composite bioplastic factory. Both factories are designed in separate buildings. The separation of cellulose from TKKS uses a chemical method with soda, after mechanical treatment of size reduction. The industry is designed in 3 scales of production capacity, namely a large scale of 190,000 tons / year, medium 115.00 tons / year, and small 40,000 tons.year. The financial analysis of the three scales of production capacity as a whole is declared feasible. Profit margin is calculated at a minimum of 17.6%. The average payback period is between 3-5 years with an IRR of 24-49%. Analysis of the economic value produces an EScale index of 0.64 which indicates that the economic scale has been achieved. The economic scale of the starch cellulose blend bioplastic industry from TKKS is at a production capacity of 40,000 tons per year with a minimum supply of TKKS raw materials of 20,203 tons/year. At the smallest economic scale, the BEP is actually only 6627.4 tons/year, where this condition can be achieved because the industry has relatively small fixed costs.

Pulmonary function disorders are commonly underdiagnosed health issues, especially in urban areas with high air pollution and prevalent smoking habits. Early detection through spirometry plays a crucial role in the promotion and prevention of respiratory diseases such as asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). However, public awareness and access to spirometry remain limited, including in the Tanjung Duren Selatan subdistrict of West Jakarta. This community service program was conducted using the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle management approach. The target population consisted of productive-age residents willing to participate in health education and lung function screening. Spirometry examinations were conducted alongside interactive counseling about respiratory health and risk factors. Evaluation was carried out through spirometry results and participant satisfaction surveys. A total of 92 participants took part in the activity, consisting of 70 females (76.1%) and 22 males (23.9%), with a mean age of 43.78 years (SD ±12.93). The average Vital Capacity (VC) was 2.26 L, Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) was 2.13 L, and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) was 1.95 L. The mean FEV1/FVC ratio was 107.12%, with 100% of participants showing normal lung function. This activity demonstrates that spirometry is an effective tool for monitoring lung function and increasing community awareness. Similar screening initiatives should be expanded to support early detection of respiratory disorders at the community level.

Adding too many electrical components to a vehicle can cause a lack of electrical energy. To overcome this, the capacity of the charging system needs to be improved. One method is by changing the diameter and number of turns of the copper wire in the stator coil. This study tested various combinations of wire diameter and turns to examine their effects on the voltage and temperature produced by the stator coil. The test used wire diameters of 0.7 mm, 0.9 mm, and 1.1 mm, with 50, 60, and 70 turns, at a constant engine speed of 3000 RPM for 5 minutes. The lowest voltage was recorded with a 0.7 mm diameter and 50 turns 26.5 V at the start and 25.7 V at the end. The highest voltage came from the 1.1 mm diameter with 70 turns 51 V at the start and 48.6 V at the end. The starting temperature for all variations was 36 °C. The lowest end temperature was 47.3 °C (0.7 mm, 50 turns), and the highest was 48.8 °C (1.1 mm, 70 turns). The results show that increasing both diameter and the number of turns raises voltage output, while temperature also increases slightly.

Village cooperatives have a strategic role in driving local economic growth and improving community welfare. However, suboptimal managerial management is often a major obstacle in achieving these goals. This study aims to analyze and identify strategies to optimize economic managerial in village cooperatives in Melarmukti Village, North Cikarang District. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach through observation, interviews with cooperative administrators, village officials, and local communities. The results showed that cooperatives in Melarmukti Village still face various challenges, such as the lack of managerial training, the lack of periodic evaluations, and low collaboration with external parties. Optimization can be done through increasing the capacity of cooperative human resources, implementing a periodic evaluation system, and establishing strategic partnerships with financial institutions and universities. With targeted and sustainable managerial improvements, village cooperatives have great potential to become economic drivers and improve community welfare at the local level.