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Menstrual disorders and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) are common gynecological conditions that significantly impact women's quality of life and productivity. Herbal medicine, used both traditionally and supported by scientific evidence, offers a promising preventive approach. This study aims to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of herbal medicine in preventing menstrual disorders and PMS. A systematic literature search was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library for articles published between January 2013 and December 2023. Out of 1,143 articles identified, 26 studies met the inclusion criteria. The most frequently studied herbs included Vitex agnus-castus, Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa, and Foeniculum vulgare. Several randomized controlled trials reported significant improvements in PMS symptoms and menstrual cycle regulation. These findings support the potential of herbal medicine as an effective preventive strategy; however, further high-quality clinical trials with standardized preparations and long-term follow-up are needed for clinical validation.

This study aims to examine the influence the application of regional financial system, the quality of human resources, and the application of internal control system to the quality of local government financial reports. This type of research is quantitative research by distributing questionnaires. The theory used in this study is the stewardship theory. The sampling method in this tudy was the purposive sampling method. The sample in this study is the staff/employees BPPKAD Gresik were 46 respondents. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis using the IBM SPSS Statistic 22 Program. The result of this study indicate that the influence the application of regional financial system has a significant influence and the quality of local government financial reportsand  the quality of human resources, application of internal control system partially does not have a significant influence on the quality of local government financial reports.

This study aims to determine and evaluate the government's internal control system and cash expenditure procedures in the Government and People's Welfare Section of Surabaya City are in accordance with applicable regulations or not. This research was carried out at the Surabaya City Government and People's Welfare Office located in the Genteng Village government building, Genteng District, Surabaya City. The analytical method used in this study is the Descriptive Analysis Method. The data collection techniques used are observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the Cash Expenditure System and Procedure implemented in the Government and People's Welfare Section of Surabaya City has been running well in accordance with Permendagri Number 13 of 2006 concerning Regional Financial Management Guidelines. The internal control system of cash expenditure in the Government and People's Welfare Section of Surabaya City has also been implemented well but has not been maximally marked by the lack of maximum implementation of policies on human resource development so that employees are still found who lack mastery related to cash expenditures and the constraints of the duties of the finance and accounting department.

Morphotectonics is a major factor in controlling the development of landforms and has an influence on river systems in the Ereunpalay area and its surroundings. This study uses a quantitative method, starting with a broad perspective and then moving on to a more focused and targeted approach. This tectonic geomorphological analysis uses several morphometric parameters, such as: Drainage Density (Dd), Bifurcation Ratio (Rb), Valley Floor Width to Valley Height Ratio (Vf), Mountain Front Sinousity (Smf), Hypsometric Curve and Hypsometric Integral (HI), and the Tectonic Activity Index (IAT). From the results of IAT calculations, it is found that the Ereunpalay area and its surroundings are in class one to three tectonic activities or commonly called moderate to very high class. The flow pattern of the river that dominates the study area is a parallel flow pattern which is controlled by the geological structure. Based on the results of the morphotectonic analysis, it was found that the Ereunpalay area and its surroundings have a morphological shape that is influenced by tectonic activity in the form of faults and folds.

Background: Thyroid tumors are abnormal growths of the thyroid gland, which can be benign or malignant tumors such as papillary, follicular, medullary or anaplastic types (Aldino, 2018). CT scan of the neck according to (Lee at al, 2016) The contrast media used consists of 80 ml of non-ionic contrast media followed by 20 ml of saline given through the antecubital vein using a power injector and a 20 gauge intravenous catheter at a speed of 2.5- 3.0 ml/sec. According to (Yang et al., 2016) 80-100 ml of 300 mg/L omnipaque contrast media is injected through the cubital vein at a rate of 2.7-3.0 mL/s. And according to (Deng et al., 2019), 80 ml of iopromide (300 mgl/mL) contrast media is injected intravenously at a rate of 3 ml/sec. The aim of this research is to determine the procedure for a CT scan of the neck with contrast in cases of thyroid tumors in the radiology installation at the NTB Provincial Regional Hospital. Method: The type of research carried out is qualitative research with a case study approach. Data were collected by observation, interviews with one radiologist and three radiographers and documentation. Data collection was carried out from June to July 2023. Data analysis was carried out using an interactive model system. Results: This study shows that the contrast media used in CT scans of the neck uses 50 ml contrast media on the grounds that 50 ml contrast media can confirm the diagnosis because in the case of tumors in the thyroid you only want to see whether there is enhancement of the tumor. And the contrast media injection is carried out manually by a radiology nurse on the grounds that it is sufficient to confirm the diagnosis if it is carried out with proper control so that the examination is simpler and the processing time is faster. Conclusion: There is a difference in the CT scan of the neck between theory and the NTB provincial hospital where in theory Lee et al (2016) explains that 80 ml of contrast media is used and an injector is used at a speed of 2.5-3.0 ml/s while the provincial hospital NTB uses 50 ml contrast media and is injected manually by a radiology nurse on the grounds that this can confirm the diagnosis.

Rabies remains a significant public health concern, particularly in regions with high dog populations. This study examines how social constructions of dogs influence rabies prevention strategies, focusing on community perceptions, cultural norms, and human–dog interactions. A systematic review of 15 studies published between 2010 and 2023 was conducted to identify factors affecting responsible dog ownership, vaccination uptake, and public engagement in rabies control. The findings indicate that social and cultural beliefs significantly shape behaviors related to dog management, including vaccination compliance and post-exposure practices. Effective rabies prevention requires integrating biomedical interventions with culturally sensitive approaches, community participation, and education programs that address local perceptions of dogs. Policies that respect community norms while promoting responsible ownership and vaccination are crucial for sustainable rabies control. The study highlights that understanding the social construction of dogs provides a comprehensive framework for designing inclusive, context-specific, and effective rabies prevention strategies.

The process of recording cash receipts and disbursements is an important part of financial management of an entity, be it a business, organization or individual. This process helps ensure that money received and disbursed is recorded correctly, so that it can be used to control finances, prepare financial reports, and fulfill tax obligations. The aim of this research is to create an accounting information system for cash receipts and disbursements at UD. Berkat Berkawan by creating a web-based cash receipt and disbursement application program. This research method uses a study method with an approach used to understand and analyze how an accounting information system operates in a business or organizational context. The results of this research can be used to facilitate UD. Berkat Berkawan in recording transactions and creating financial reports of cash receipts and disbursements.   Keywords: Accounting Information Systems, Disbursements, Cash Receipts

The formulation of the problem in this research is whether the implementation of the sales accounting information system is appropriate in supporting internal control at CV. Agung Mandiri Motor? This research aims to determine the application of the sales accounting information system in supporting the effectiveness of internal control at CV. Agung Mandiri Motor. This research was carried out at CV. Agung Mandiri Motor using qualitative methods. There are two sources of data in this research, namely primary data and secondary data. The data collection techniques used were documentation, interviews and observation. The data analysis technique used is by comparing the results of field findings with the cash and credit sales accounting information system theory at CV.Agung Mandiri Motor. The results of this research indicate that the sales accounting information system implemented by CV. Agung Mandiri Motor is not yet fully suitable to support the effectiveness of internal control.

The manufacturer's job is to distribute goods efficiently to meet consumer demand. If goods are delivered on time and are of acceptable quality and quantity, customers will be happy. As a result, a company's productivity levels can be greatly increased with a competent production system. This raises the issue that companies must be able to manage production schedules and prioritize client requests to avoid delivery delays, build excessive amounts of raw material inventory, and increase overall company profitability.

This study aims to understand the implementation of the accounting information system on electronic tickets with the KAI Access application at the Medan train station and to understand whether the internal control system of the accounting information system at the Medan station works efficiently or not. PT. Kereta Api uses an electronic ticket accounting information system (e-ticketing) as a form of improving the quality of service and security for users, especially improving the quality of information, the information provided must be useful, reliable and used in a timely manner. The method used in this study is a field study which includes observation, interviews and documentation. This study uses qualitative methods and data analysis techniques are applied, namely descriptive analysis. The results of the analysis and interpretation of data on the implementation of the electronic ticketing (e-ticketing) Accounting Information System at PT Kereta Api are an integrated system. Organizational structure of PT. Railways are generally very good and prevented from manipulation. PT. Kereta Api runs electronic ticketing operations (e-ticketing) using serial documents, accounting records including deposit books, income analysis, expense analysis, cash register books, and joint books. Implementation of electronic ticket accounting information systems (e-ticketing) for PT. Railways are considered good until the implementation of internal control is also running effectively.    

The purpose of this study was to examine whether there is an effect of the Internal Control System, the Application of the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (PSAK) 109, Human Resource Competencies and the Use of Information Technology on the Quality of Financial Statements of Zakat Management Organisations (OPZ) in DKI Jakarta. This research method uses quantitative methods using primary data. This study uses a population of members of the DKI Jakarta zakat forum consisting of 1 BAZNAS and 7 LAZNAS with a total of 191 employees being the population with a resulting sample of 52 people. The data quality test used is validity test, reliability test. The data analysis techniques used are descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption test (normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test), multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing (t test, f test and coefficient of determination test) using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The results of this study indicate a significant joint influence of the variables of the Internal Control System, Implementation of PSAK 109, HR Competence and Utilisation of Information Technology on the Quality of OPZ Financial Statements in DKI Jakarta.

This research aims to determine the influence of accounting information systems and internal control systems on the quality of village government financial reports at the Palue District level. This type of research is quantitative research. The data collection method in this study used a questionnaire. The population in this study were village officials in Palue District, where the number of samples was 56 respondents. The tests used are research instrument tests, descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption tests, hypothesis tests, multiple linear regression analysis and model feasibility tests using SPSS 16 tools. Based on the results of the t test and F test partially or simultaneously the accounting information system and system internal control affects the quality of village government financial reports in Palue District.

The progress of a nation cannot be separated from the progress of the world of education. According to Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System, article 1 paragraph (1) states that "education is a conscious and planned effort to create a learning atmosphere and learning process so that students actively develop their potential to have religious spiritual strength. personality self-control, intelligence, noble morals, as well as skills needed by himself, the nation's community and the state. This research generally aims to describe (1) How the Leadership Role of Madrasah Heads Plays in Improving Teacher Disciplinary Leadership Attitudes at Private MTs Nurussholih Medan Polonia (2 ) What is the attitude of the Madrasah Head in Forming Disciplinary Attitudes of Teachers at Nurussholih Private MTs Medan Polonia (3) What are the Obstacles? and Efforts to Overcome Them Madrasah Heads in Improving Disciplinary Attitudes to Become Effective and Efficient This research is a type of qualitative research with a case study approach. This research was conducted at Nurussholih Medan Polonia Private MTs which is located at Jl. Cempaka No. 20 Karawang Sari Rejo Medan, Medan Polonia District, North Sumatra. The subjects in this study were the Madrasah Head, Deputy Madrasah Head, and Teachers. The techniques used in data collection are observation, interview and documentation techniques. The analysis technique in this study uses data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. Guarantees for the validity of the data in this study are credibility, transferability, reliability, and confirmability. The results of the research show that (1) The leadership of the Head of the Nurussholih Medan Polonia Private MTs Madrasah has seven roles in improving teacher discipline, namely as an educator, manager, administrator, supervisor, leader, innovator and motivator. (2) The attitude of the madrasa head in forming the teacher's attitude is good because the head of the Nurussholih Medan Polonia Private MTs madrasa is able to set an exemplary example for the teachers at the madrasa. (3) The madrasa head's efforts to improve teacher discipline are very strict in terms of teacher attendance, and the problem is that there are still teachers who do not come to the madrasa on time because the distance from home to school is quite far so they lack discipline.

This study aims to analyze how the implementation of the internal control system in managing village funds in Wolokoli Village, Bola District, Sikka Regency based on Government Regulation Number 60 of 2008 and Domestic Manteri Regulation Number 20 of 2018.This research is qualitative research with descriptive analysis method.This research data was obtained from observations and direct interviews with related parties regarding the implementation of the internal control system in managing village funds in Wolokoli Village as well as documentation by providing information about the general description of Wolokoli Village, Vision and Mission of Wolokoli Village, Wolokoli Village Organizational Structure, Wolokoli Village Financial Statements and other documents related to research.The results showed that in Wolokoli Village in the process of managing village funds in theory has referred to the Manteri Regulation in the State Number 20 of 2018, but in practice there are still programs that have not been running or have not been realized because they are still constrained in the quality of human resources, so that the management of village funds in Wolokoli Village has not been fully independent.In addition, in the implementation of the internal control system in Wolokoli Village, there are also still several points that have not been implemented properly so that it seems not transparent.

This study sought to examine and evaluate the average learning outcomes of students who received instruction in a system of two-variable linear equations using either the direct learning model or the blended learning model. The research employed the posttest-only control design. The participants in this study comprised of two groups: class VIII-A, an Experimental class consisting of 17 students, and class VIII-B, a control class consisting of 17 students at SMP Negeri 4 Touluaan. The data collected pertains to the posttest outcomes in both the Experiment and Control groups, indicating an average learning outcome of 85.29 for the Experiment group and 77.94 for the Control group. The normality test for the data is satisfied when the data follows a normal distribution. The study yielded results indicating a significant level of 0.05, with the obtained t-value of 1.89098 being greater than the critical t-value of 1.694. According to the findings of this study, students who engage in Blended Learning exhibit superior learning outcomes in the context of acquiring proficiency in solving systems of linear equations with two variables, as compared to students who rely solely on direct instruction.

Aquaponics is a combined system of fish farming techniques and hydroponic plant cultivation. Fish manure and feed residues are very dependent on the supply of nutrients in the aquaponic system of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) aquaculture. The level of production of vegetable crops in a certain area is also influenced by the total nutrient input ratio of feed to domestic fish per day. The aquaponic system utilizes optimum water supply for each commodity by utilizing a recirculation system. The type of fish used is fish that live in freshwater, a type of tilapia. Fish farming includes the maintenance of fish, which pays attention to the growth and development of fish. Hydroponics itself is a way of farming without using soil as a medium but using water which contains controlled nutrients containing the essential elements needed for plant growth. The location of this research was conducted in Losari Village, Kec. Gondang, Kab. sleepy. It aims to increase the demand for vegetables, limited land and space, efficiency in land use, and decoration. In addition, this cultivation system allows for increased production of cultivated products with limited land and water sources, and creates its own beauty. (9 pt).  

Quarantine is a system of preventing the entry, exit, and spread of quarantined animal pests and diseases, as well as supervision and control of food safety and food quality, feed safety and feed quality, Genetic Engineering products, Genetic Resources, Biological Agents, Invasive Foreign Species, Wild Plants and Animals, and Rare Animals that are introduced into, spread from one area to another area, and removed from the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. To maintain, protect, and improve the quality of animal/livestock resources, animal/livestock health, animal welfare, and the provision of safe, healthy, whole, and halal (ASUH) food of animal origin, as well as maintaining peace or eliminating/preventing public unrest, it is necessary to provide guidance, regulation, control, and supervision of livestock businesses and animal health services. To create a conducive business climate and legal certainty in animal husbandry and animal health, it is necessary to regulate the mechanisms and procedures for licensing livestock and animal health businesses in the regions. The problem faced by the Batam Class I Agricultural Quarantine Center is caused by cows entering Batam Island that do not have an entry permit and are not by Law Number 21 of 2019, which states that every entry or release must be carried out through a designated Place of Entry and Place of Expenditure.

The results of a preliminary study conducted by researchers using the DASS 21 questionnaire and stress impact questionnaire on 10 workers at PT Nindya Citra Kharisma KSO's Manggarai "Mainline 1" project in 2023, found that there were workers who experienced stress with the most impact felt feeling easily tired. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between working time and fatigue with work stress. This study used a cross sectional design with a population of 60 people and the sampling method used was a total sampling of 50 people. Data analysis using univariate and bivariate analysis with chi square test. The results of the analysis showed that as many as 29 (58%) workers experienced stress. There is no relationship between years of service (p value = 1,000; PR = 0.967) with work stress and there is a relationship between fatigue and work stress (p value = 0.45; PR 2,057). It can be concluded that fatigue is related to work stress while working period are not related to work stress. Researchers suggest that a work fatigue and stress control program be held through a shift work system so that the duration of work does not exceed NAB (8 hours / day).

This study aims to determine the application of standard costs, raw material costs, labor costs, and overhead costs at PT.Bibit Alam Sampoerna. The object of this study is the financial statements of the company administration for every transaction that comes out and costs, PT.Bibit Alam Sampoerna is a company engaged in Freshwater lobster cultivating services. The tools used in this research are interviews used as a data collection technique if the researcher wants to conduct preliminary studies to find problems that must be investigated or want to know things from respondents who are more in-depth and in a slightly small number of respondents. And observation is the most basic way to obtain information about social phenomena through the process of observation. Direct observation regarding the work environment and production processes from raw materials to finished product processes. The analysis technique used in this research is descriptive quantitative. Researchers will analyze the data in the form of costs in the production activities of PT. Seed Alam Sampoerna regarding the cost of production. Collecting Data, Identifying Company Standard Costs, Separating these costs based on cost behavior, namely variable costs incurred in the production process, Analysis of raw material costs, Analysis of labor costs, Analysis of factory overhead costs, Calculating the cost of production using the calculation according to researcher. After the company determines the standard cost of production costs, the company can carry out its production activities in accordance with its production goals. The standard cost set is a guideline or measure for each production cost that will be incurred. Research results To increase the effectiveness of production cost control, companies must implement a standard cost system which is used as a guideline for production costs.      

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of implementing the internal control system in the management of facilities and infrastructure at MTsS Al- Abror Muara Soma. This research was conducted at MTsS Al- Abror Muara Soma. This study uses qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques through observation techniques, interviews, and documentation. The research results show that the implementation of the internal control system in the management of facilities and infrastructure at MTsS Al- Abror Muara Soma is less effective. Can be seen by using the checklist method, the result of the calculation are 40% which means it is less effective in implementing the internal control system and 60% the effectiveness cannot be proven for environmental aspects of control, there is no segregation of duties in the coordinator of facilities and infrastructure, namely the existence of multiple positions carried out by the administration, and there is still a lack of concern in maintaining facilities and there are still incomplete and inadequate facilities. For the information and communication aspect, it is proven that the numbering of facilities has not been implemented, manual recording of inventory for each class has not been implemented and there is no recording system for removing facilities and infrastructure that are not longer used or left in stroge, and for the supervision aspect it has not been carried out properly because special staff have not been formed to supervise facilities and infrastructure and have not carried out routine inspections of school facilities.