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This study aims to explore the root growth patterns of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivated in a polybag system, and examine the implications for nutrient absorption efficiency and plant survival. The method used was a systematic literature review, with narrative analysis of recent studies in the last five years. Data were analyzed to identify the relationship between root architecture, growing medium, and nutrient absorption efficiency.  The results showed that the polybag system, with its limited root growing space, promoted adaptation of root growth patterns, including an increase in lateral root density and a reduction in primary root length. Coconut fiber- and vermiculite-based growing media were shown to increase nutrient absorption capacity by up to 30%, while inoculation of rhizosphere microorganisms, such as mycorrhiza, increased phosphorus use efficiency by up to 25%. In addition, optimal root zone temperature plays an important role in supporting root metabolic activities.  The conclusion of this study confirms that optimizing root growth patterns through growing media, temperature management, and utilization of microorganisms can significantly increase the productivity of cucumber plants. These findings provide a basis for developing more efficient and sustainable cultivation strategies in modern horticultural systems. 

The practice of labor exploitation is not new. Labor exploitation has been widespread since the colonial era. Some people use print media, social media, and even word-of-mouth to market. Although this is nothing new, labor exploitation is still happening and is growing more concerning. Due to the fact that it involves both domestic and international offenders, this is the case. between nations. The methods used in human trafficking crimes have become more complex as communication, information technology, and transformation have advanced. The criminals are looking for victims from the lower social classes. It is not unusual for offenders to help victims by giving them debt or company cash. Some even go so far as to give scholarships to those who want to pursue further education overseas. According to the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK), which has verified this, human trafficking, particularly labor exploitation, does not discriminate. Because human trafficking, particularly labor exploitation, disregards age and gender. age and gender. Labor exploitation affects both men and women, as well as children and adults. Law No. 21/2007 on the Eradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Humans, Law No. 18/2017 on the Protection of Workers, and Law no. 18/2017 on the Protection of Migrant Workers all prohibits the trafficking of humans for the purpose of labor exploitation. Workers who are migrants. This paper addresses several topics, including the criminal law's prohibitions against trafficking in persons for the purpose of labor exploitation, the need for immediate enforcement of these prohibitions, and the elements that contribute to trafficking in persons for the purpose of labor exploitation. labor exploitation, as well as elements that contribute to human trafficking for the prevalence of labor exploitation is increasing. Labor exploitation is becoming more and more common. The descriptive analytical method was employed in the study. method of analytical descriptive research. It is anticipated that this research will offer a complete, methodical, and exhaustive analysis.

The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed how public services are delivered and accessed. This research examines the relationship between education levels and public awareness concerning adopting digital-based public services. In the digital transformation era, understanding the factors that influence the adoption of digital public services is crucial for improving the effectiveness of e-government implementation. This study surveyed 500 respondents from various demographic groups across multiple regions through a quantitative approach, utilizing stratified random sampling to ensure representation. The research employed a structured questionnaire and analyzed the data using multiple regression analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings reveal a significant positive correlation (r = 0.76, p < 0.001) between educational background and digital service adoption rates. Additionally, public awareness emerged as a crucial mediating factor, explaining 45% of the variance in digital service utilization patterns. The study also identified key barriers to adoption, including digital literacy gaps and accessibility challenges, particularly among lower education groups. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and public service administrators in developing targeted strategies to enhance digital service adoption. The research contributes to the growing body of literature on e-government implementation and digital transformation in public services, while offering practical recommendations for improving public service delivery in the digital age.

This study aims to analyze various ideas in marketing products by utilizing efficient technology. In today's digital era, the use of information and communication technology is key in marketing strategies. This study uses a descriptive analysis method by collecting data from relevant literature and case studies of companies that have successfully implemented technology in marketing. The results of the study indicate that the use of social media, e-commerce, and data analytics are some effective strategies in increasing sales and expanding market reach. In the ever-growing digital era, companies must continue to innovate in their marketing strategies to stay competitive. This article analyzes various ideas in marketing products by utilizing efficient technology. The main focus is on the use of digital technologies such as social media, data analytics, and marketing automation to increase the effectiveness of marketing campaigns. In addition, this article also discusses the importance of understanding consumer behavior and market trends to develop targeted marketing strategies. By adopting efficient technology, companies can reach a wider audience, increase customer interaction, and ultimately, increase sales and customer loyalty.

In the current era, land is a basic need that is extremely important and meaningful in human life, particularly as a place to live, work, farm, or conduct various economic activities. With the rapidly growing population, the demand for residential land is also increasing. The population growth that is not matched by land availability creates significant pressure in the property market, leading to the development of new housing and settlements, both in urban and suburban areas. However, due to the increasingly limited availability of habitable land, this often triggers intense competition among individuals or parties with vested interests in obtaining land rights. The desire to own land has become very strong, as nowadays, land is not only used as a residence but also as a valuable resource. This often causes land disputes where the parties involved feel disadvantaged, either due to overlapping ownership, unclear land status claims, or differences in land use allocation. Due to the increasingly complex issues, the Land Office of Kediri City provides an alternative solution for boundary dispute resolution, namely mediation. This practice is an effort to resolve land conflicts peacefully and efficiently. Land disputes are becoming more complex and prolonged, often involving the government, businesses, and local residents. Moreover, land-related issues are frequently associated with unclear administration, weak law enforcement, or differing interpretations of existing regulations. As a result, not only does it impact the individuals involved, but it can also affect social and economic stability in a region. To address these issues, a more structured and transparent approach to land distribution and management is required. The government and society must work together to ensure fair and clear land distribution and provide wise solutions to disputes based on the principles of social justice. Mediation offers a more flexible approach compared to litigation by prioritizing dialogue among disputing parties. In this context, mediation helps alleviate tensions and create mutually beneficial solutions, enabling faster and more cost-effective processes. This study analyzes the effectiveness of mediation practices in reducing the number of disputes brought to court and assesses public perceptions of this resolution method. The results show that mediation can increase the satisfaction of the parties involved and promote stability in land ownership.

Effective recruits are key in human resource management (human resources) to achieving organizational goals. Good recruitment strategies not only attract qualified candidates but also ensure compliance between the needs of the company and the competence of prospective employees. The main focus lies in the importance of building strong branding to attract high-quality candidates. Moreover, the experience of the candidate during the recruiting process is important, where positive interaction can enhance the image of the company in the eyes of prospective employees. This research aims to explore and analyze effective recruiting strategies in human resource management. In a context of growing competition in the labor market, organizations need to adopt innovative recruiting methods to attract quality talents. The qualitative approach is used to further the best practices and challenges faced in the recruiting process. Data is collected through analysis of literature from credible sources. Research shows that the use of technology, such as digital platforms and social media, and an emphasis on organizational culture, is essential to attracting appropriate candidates. It is hoped that these findings may provide a guide to the company in formulating an adaptive and sustainable recruitment strategy, in support of the organization's growth and success.

HIV/AIDS is a growing global health issue, with an increasing prevalence of cases among adolescents. Adolescents, as a group vulnerable to risky behaviors, require appropriate education on HIV/AIDS prevention. Health education through technology-based learning media, such as social media, educational videos, and other interactive platforms, holds significant potential in improving adolescents' understanding of HIV/AIDS. This study aims to explore the role of learning media in enhancing adolescents' knowledge and awareness about HIV/AIDS. The community service project was conducted at SMAN 76 Jakarta Timur, involving 75 productive-age adolescents. The activity began with a pre-test to assess initial knowledge, followed by an educational session that included a 20-minute video presentation and material discussion, as well as an interactive discussion. After the session, a post-test was administered to measure changes in participants' understanding and awareness levels. The results showed a significant improvement in knowledge about HIV/AIDS and awareness of the importance of prevention. The use of social media as a primary information source also increased, while conventional media such as television and radio saw a decline. These findings suggest that technology-based learning media can be an effective tool in delivering health education. However, attention must be given to the quality of information to avoid the spread of misinformation, and it is crucial to involve medical professionals and reputable institutions in the creation of educational content.

The culinary industry in Indonesia is one of the fastest-growing sectors of the creative economy, contributing approximately 41% to the total GDP of the creative economy in 2020. However, product marketing challenges remain a significant obstacle for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in this sector. Issues such as limited marketing skills, intense competition, and restricted access to digital technology hinder MSMEs' competitiveness. Mie Ayam Pak Sorodi, as one of the MSMEs, faces challenges in digital marketing, including the absence of digital payment systems and social media platforms. This community service aims to assist the MSME in adopting digital transformation by creating social media profiles, adding business locations to Google Maps, and implementing QRIS payment systems. The methods include direct mentoring and technical training for business owners. The results indicate an improvement in market reach, customer engagement, and operational efficiency. This digital transformation is expected to enhance competitiveness and business sustainability in an increasingly competitive market (Ftindustri, n.d.).

in facing the changes in culture, thought, and morality that have emerged in the midst of postmodern society. In this context, Mark 4:1-20, which contains the parable of the sower, provides important insights into how the word of God The implementation of a sower for Christians in the postmodern era is a relevant topic to study considering the complex challenges faced by the church and individual Christians are delivered and received in various conditions of the human heart. This study aims to examine the relevance of the teachings in the parable for Christians in the postmodern era. In the postmodern era, where relativism, pluralism, and skepticism towards absolute truth are increasingly growing, the parable of the sower provides an illustration of how the word of God is spread and received in various situations. Just as the sower sows seeds into various types of soil (roadside soil, rocky soil, thorny soil, and fertile soil), so too Christians are faced with varying conditions of heart and mind in receiving the message of the gospel. This study identifies the challenges faced by the church, such as the influence of social media, individualism, and relativism, which can affect the way the word of God is received by postmodern society. Through a theological approach to Mark 4:1-20, this study offers a perspective on how Christians can act as faithful sowers, seeking to sow the seeds of the word with patience, and seeking to respond to various social and cultural conditions that exist wisely. Thus, the implementation of the parable of the sower in the context of the postmodern era not only invites people to actively spread the gospel, but also to understand the various challenges and heart situations that can affect the reception of the word.

In the current era of modern technology and through the development of digital information technology (IT), which is growing very rapidly and provides many conveniences for everyone to own and access various things in cyberspace, especially on the internet, and can be accessed quickly with a finger. just seconds to be able to display and get the information we need and we can find out via the internet. This is in line with the rapid development of information technology which makes it easier to obtain information and makes it increasingly difficult for us to escape from the convenience of technology which makes human life easier. Every developmental innovation is expected to be able to provide positive benefits for human life in the technological progress which has greatly developed in the technological era. creating many conveniences for accessing things in information systems. It can be concluded that the progress of the virtual world (internet) has changed the times without limiting computer network providers which contain many different systems. And all information activities can be accessed easily via social media, and this is what makes people dependent on technology as a daily necessity to increase convenience and obtain information quickly

Tonga Village is home to a significant number of carving craftsmen in North Toraja, who are renowned for their unique carving art. However, there is a growing concern that the younger generation is not fully aware of the cultural and historical significance of Toraja carvings. By employing qualitative research methods, including interviews, observation, and documentation, this study was able to identify several key issues. One such issue is the lack of regeneration of craftsmen, which has led to a decline in the number of individuals engaged in this practice. Additionally, there is a dearth of cultural socialization about Toraja carving in formal education, which has contributed to a lack of understanding about the significance and meaning of these motifs. In light of the aforementioned issues, there is a clear necessity for the establishment of an information medium that can elucidate the meaning and significance of Toraja carving in a comprehensive manner, with film serving as a potential conduit for such an endeavor. One potential solution is the use of a documentary film. The research method employed in this study is qualitative, employing a linear strategy as a creative strategy in media design. It is anticipated that the information will be conveyed in greater detail, in accordance with reality, and structured in a narrative that is aligned with the target audience, namely students and students. The implementation of the media will occur on a digital platform, thereby facilitating the dissemination of information on a wider scale and effectively increasing cultural knowledge through the use of attractive visuals, clear audio, and integrated narratives. The result of this research is the potential production of a documentary film that can function as a conduit of information, providing education to the community and thus serving as a resource for the public.  

This study aims to analyze the internal and external factors influencing the marketing strategy of Tagify, a business engaged in the design of lanyards and ID cards. Using a descriptive qualitative analysis method, the study collects secondary data from literature reviews related to marketing strategies and SWOT analysis. The findings reveal that Tagify's strengths lie in creative design, fast production capability, and flexibility in meeting customer demands. However, the main challenges are limited production capacity and suboptimal use of social media for marketing. Significant opportunities exist in the growing demand for custom products in corporate sectors and large events, while the primary threat comes from intense price competition. The implications of this research show that SWOT analysis is crucial in formulating effective marketing strategies to address challenges, seize available opportunities, and strengthen Tagify's competitive position in the market.

Generation Z, born approximately between 1997 and 2012, grew up in a period characterized by advancements in digital technology, globalization, and unique social pressures. This article explores the dynamics of physical and mental health among Gen Z, focusing on the challenges and opportunities they face. Physically, a sedentary lifestyle driven by reliance on technology and changes in modern dietary patterns has increased the risk of obesity and metabolic disorders. On the other hand, growing awareness of the importance of exercise and healthy living paves the way for improvement. In the context of mental health, Gen Z experiences higher levels of anxiety, depression, and stress compared to previous generations, largely due to academic pressures, social expectations, and intense exposure to social media. However, the stigma surrounding mental health is gradually diminishing, with more individuals seeking professional help. This article also highlights the importance of a holistic approach, including the integration of digital health technologies and community-based programs, in supporting the well-being of this generation. With a deeper understanding, cross-sector efforts can be made to create an environment that better supports the physical and mental health of Gen Z.

The digital economy in Indonesia has both positive and negative impacts on the country's development.  The development of the digital economy allows the government or society to become a platform for carrying out various types of economic transactions.  This research was designed to analyze the development of the digital economy and the behavior of social media users in economic transactions. .In this research, descriptive analysis method was used using literature study.  The development of the digital economy in Indonesia not only encourages economic growth, but also changes the way people interact and make transactions. Challenges such as uneven infrastructure and the need for clear regulations still need to be overcome to maximize this potential. The fintech sector is growing rapidly with many companies providing digital payment services, online loans and investments. OJK (Financial Services Authority) is also active in regulating this sector.

This study investigates the effectiveness of media literacy training in enhancing high school students’ critical evaluation skills in the digital era. The research is motivated by the growing challenges of disinformation and fake news, which often influence young people’s perception of news and their decision-making processes. The objective of this study is to examine how structured media literacy training can transform students’ ability to critically analyze information, recognize fake news, and construct well-founded arguments. A qualitative research approach was employed, using content analysis of training materials, classroom workshops, observations, and reflective interviews or questionnaires to gather data. The participants were purposively selected high school students engaged in the media literacy program. The findings reveal significant improvements in students’ ability to identify the characteristics of fake news, verify information through reliable sources, and analyze media messages more systematically. Before the training, students tended to accept information uncritically, struggled to differentiate between facts and opinions, and relied heavily on social media as their primary source of information. After the training, however, they demonstrated more reflective and cautious behavior, cross-checking information from multiple credible sources and presenting arguments that linked news content with broader socio-political contexts. The study concludes that media literacy training plays a crucial role in equipping students with critical thinking skills necessary to navigate the complexities of the digital information landscape. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for integrating media literacy into school curricula, supported by teacher training and sustainable educational policies, to ensure long-term resilience against disinformation.

Slang is a rapidly growing linguistic phenomenon among Indonesian teenagers, especially in daily interactions and social media usage. This widespread use of slang is predicted to impact teenagers' formal language skills, particularly in the context of proper and correct Indonesian. This study aims to identify the influence of slang usage on formal language proficiency among teenagers. Using a qualitative approach, this research was conducted through observations and interviews with several students at the Perguruan Indonesia Raya Foundation in Bandung. The results indicate that excessive use of slang can decrease teenagers' formal language skills, particularly in writing and speaking. However, slang can also enrich linguistic variation among teenagers as a form of expression and social identity. Therefore, an appropriate educational strategy is needed to maintain a balance between slang and formal language usage among teenagers

This research aims to find out “Implementation of Waspada Online Media in Communicating Educational News (Case Study: Waspada Medan City Office)”. The method in this study uses qualitative methods with the form of dataresearch(field research). The results of this study are that 1. The role of alert online media in communicating educational news, it can be concluded that Waspada Daily uses marketing communications such as advertising, sales promotion, public relations, personal selling and direct marketing. 2. Waspada Daily prioritizes establishing good relations with consumers and the community in facing competition with online media. 3. Facing the development of journalism in the digital era like today. This issue is interesting considering that repeatedly world journalism experts predict the death of print mass media every time the onslaught of technological developments occurs from time to time. In the digital age, people who need certain information from all over the world can simply search for it on search engines connected to the internet network anytime and anywhere with sophisticated equipment that is currently growing rapidly.

Indonesia has a variety of traditional Nusantara cakes that are not only unique, but also appetizing. However, along with the development of the times, traditional Nusantara cakes are increasingly rare. Only a handful of sellers are still loyal to selling these snacks. One of the reasons for the decline in the popularity of these traditional cakes is the growing perception among the public, especially children, who consider these cakes "old-fashioned." Many elementary school-aged children are now more interested in modern snacks, such as donuts, cakes, or candy, than traditional cakes such as klepon, onde-onde, or layered cakes. Therefore, this study aims to design a board game as a fun and educational interactive media, with the hope of introducing and preserving traditional Nusantara cakes to children aged 8-11 years. The methods used in this study include an in-depth analysis of relevant traditional cakes, development of game mechanics that are appropriate to the target age, and prototype trials to see children's responses and involvement in this game. Thus, this research is expected to provide a significant contribution to efforts to preserve culture while promoting a deeper understanding of the culinary richness of the archipelago among the younger generation, so that this tradition can continue to be passed down from one generation to the next.

This study examines the effect of social media marketing on customer-brand engagement in the luxury fashion bags sector in Jakarta. By leveraging the growing importance of social media as a marketing tool, this research aims to understand how various dimensions of social media marketing—entertainment, customization, interaction, electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), and trendiness—influence customer-brand engagement and self-brand connection. Using a quantitative approach, data was collected through surveys distributed to consumers of luxury fashion bags in Jakarta. The analysis reveals a positive correlation between social media marketing efforts and customer-brand engagement, with self-brand connection acting as a significant mediating factor. The findings highlight the necessity for luxury brands to strategically utilize social media to enhance consumer relationships and engagement, providing practical insights for marketers in optimizing their social media strategies.

This article explores a sustainable education program in mustard green cultivation implemented through collaboration between local residents and UNIWARA KKN (Community Service Program) students in Kelurahan Karanganyar. The program aims to enhance the knowledge and skills of local residents in sustainable mustard green cultivation techniques, including the use of appropriate growing media, efficient irrigation techniques, and the management of pests and plant diseases without harmful chemicals. The method used in this study is **Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR)**: working together with local residents and engaging in hands-on field practice to apply proper cultivation techniques. The research shows that this educational program not only successfully improves local residents' knowledge and skills in mustard green cultivation but also strengthens the relationship between the community and academics. Active community participation in this program results in significant positive impacts, including a reduction in the use of synthetic chemicals, increased crop yields, and more environmentally friendly agriculture