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Osteoporosis is a common health problem among the elderly, particularly in women, caused by decreased bone mass influenced by age, hormonal changes, lifestyle, nutritional intake, and physical activity. WHO data (2015) shows that the prevalence of osteoporosis in women increases significantly with age, and in Indonesia, the prevalence has reached an alarming level of 19.7% of the population. West Java has recorded an osteoporosis risk of 22.3% (Ministry of Health, 2015). Low calcium intake and lack of physical activity are modifiable factors that can help prevent bone density loss. This health education program aimed to increase the knowledge of Aisyiyah District Leaders in Cirebon Regency regarding osteoporosis in the elderly, its risk factors, prevention strategies, and its impact on joint health. The target participants were pre-elderly and elderly women, especially members of the Branch and District Leaders of Aisyiyah in Cirebon Regency. The method used included lectures and question-and-answer sessions supported by presentation media. Participants’ knowledge was evaluated using oral pre-tests and post-tests. The program outcomes are expected to raise awareness and understanding of the importance of consuming calcium-rich foods, getting adequate sunlight exposure, and engaging in regular physical activity as preventive measures against osteoporosis. Furthermore, this activity plays a role in reducing the incidence of osteoporosis among the elderly through continuous community-based health education.

This study aims to describe the understanding of high school students in solving high, medium, and low category HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) problems and to explore the students' responses in solving problems related to the material of SPLTV (System of Linear Equations with Three Variables). This research is qualitative in nature, using a descriptive method. The subject selection technique used purposive sampling, involving three students from class X IPA/IPS SMAIT Nurul Fajri, with a total of 19 students. The data collection techniques included written tests on mathematical concept understanding using HOTS, interviews, and documentation. Based on the research results, it was found that the students' understanding of mathematical concepts in solving HOTS problems varied. The subject NF-17, with high ability, was able to answer well, including restating the concepts studied in problems 1, 2, and 4, classifying objects based on concepts, applying concepts algorithmically, relating various mathematical concepts internally or externally, providing examples or counterexamples, and presenting concepts in various representations in problems 1, 3, and 4. The subject NF-18, with medium ability, showed more limited results. Although able to restate concepts in problem 4, this subject could only classify objects based on concepts and apply concepts algorithmically in problems 1 and 4. This subject could only provide examples or counterexamples in problem 1. The subject NF-10, with low ability, was only able to restate concepts studied in problem 1 and did not show more in-depth understanding in other problems. These findings indicate variations in students' understanding of mathematical concepts in the SPLTV material.

This study aims to assess the impact of using Talking Stick game as a learning media on students' learning outcomes and scientific communication skills in science lessons. This study was conducted using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, by analyzing various relevant previous studies from elementary to secondary education levels. The research findings indicate that the Talking Stick learning technique can significantly improve student learning outcomes. This model has also been proven effective in improving science communication skills, conceptual understanding, active participation, and students' courage to express opinions during the learning process. The Talking Stick method emphasizes collaboration and involvement between students in a fun and interesting atmosphere. The use of various supporting media, such as question cards, posters, audio visuals, and student worksheets (LKS), increases the effectiveness of this method. The use of alternating sticks in question and answer sessions encourages students to be more confident and actively involved in the learning process. This also provides benefits for the development of students' critical thinking skills and emotional skills, which are very much in line with the needs of learning in the 21st century. The findings of this Talking Stick model research are recommended as an innovative strategy in science learning. Teachers are advised to combine it with interesting learning media to make the learning process more meaningful and enjoyable. tested the effectiveness of this method in various educational conditions. Furthermore, consistent application of the Talking Stick method can create an inclusive learning environment that is responsive to individual student needs. In the context of science learning, which often demands understanding of abstract concepts and problem-solving, this method can bridge the gap between theory and practice through active and reflective interaction.

The use of gadgets among children and adolescents has increased along with technological developments; however, excessive use duration can negatively impact eye health, particularly triggering eye fatigue (asthenopia). This community service activity aimed to improve the knowledge and awareness of students at SMP Negeri 4 Meulaboh regarding healthy gadget use to prevent eye disorders. The method used was counseling through interactive lectures, question-and-answer sessions, and the use of audiovisual media. The activity was held on June 20, 2025, attended by 30 students. The material covered the definition and purpose of gadget use, influencing factors, the negative effects of excessive use, the concept of eye health, causes of eye fatigue, and prevention strategies. The results showed an increase in participants’ understanding, as evidenced by their active participation and ability to answer evaluation questions. This activity is expected to foster healthy gadget-use habits, thereby minimizing the risk of eye fatigue.

Indonesia is a unitary state, has a lot of diversity that combines various nationalities, dialects, religions, and communities. Therefore, as a diverse nation, moderation in religion is needed so that there is no degenerate behavior that can divide a country. Internalization of religious values in a multicultural society is an effort to integrate religious values with cultural and religious diversity in society. The main purpose of this internalization is to increase tolerance, respect diversity, and form an inclusive religious culture. This study aims to discuss the internalization of religious moderation values in a multicultural society. This study uses a qualitative approach and data processing using descriptive-analytical methods. Data processing is used as a benchmark to find out how the internalization of religious moderation values in a multicultural society, then takes several sources from the Bantengan village community to be used as research objects, in order to answer the main research questions, including: 1) How is the process of conveying understanding the values of religious moderation in a multicultural society in Bantengan Village. 2) How is the negotiation process with the community regarding the values of religious moderation in a multicultural society in Bantengan Village. 3) -How is the implementation of the values of religious moderation in a multicultural society in Bantengan Village? From the results and discussion of this study, it shows that there are several ways that the Bantengan village community does to internalize the values of religious moderation in a multicultural society. This study concludes that internalization of the values of religious moderation in a multicultural society in Bantengan Village can be done in various ways. An important effort to internalize the values of religious moderation in a multicultural society is to make the Bantengan village community a harmonious society by strengthening tolerance between religious communities, and having a spirit of justice between communities.

In today's digital era, technological development is occurring rapidly and having a significant impact on various aspects of human life, including Islamic da'wah. The transformation of the spread of Islamic teachings in the digital age has become inevitable along with the rapid advancement of information technology, particularly with the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI). This study aims to explore how AI is utilized in spreading Islamic values and analyze the accompanying ethical and theological challenges. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method, which includes a review of scientific journals, articles, and contemporary Islamic documents. The results show that AI has been applied in various forms of digital da'wah. For example, Islamic chatbots that can automatically answer religious questions, prayer and other worship reminder applications, and Quran learning platforms equipped with voice recognition and tajweed recitation technology. Although innovative and promising, the use of AI in da'wah poses challenges, particularly the threat to authority over scientific knowledge, the validity of religious content, and the risk of dehumanization in the process of conveying Islamic teachings. Therefore, an adaptive yet ethical approach to Islamic preaching is needed, involving collaboration between religious scholars, academics, and technology experts. This approach must take into account the values of Islamic law, morality in digital communication, and sensitivity to the cultural context of Muslims. Thus, AI-based Islamic preaching can be an innovative solution for effectively reaching a wider audience, without sacrificing the essence and spirituality taught by Islam itself. Thus, AI-based Islamic preaching can be an innovative solution for effectively reaching a wider audience, without sacrificing the essence and spirituality taught by Islam itself. Going forward, a sustainable Islamic digital ecosystem needs to be built so that technology becomes not only a tool, but also a means of increasing faith and piety.

Ridan Permai Village, within the Bangkinang City Community Health Center (Puskesmas) jurisdiction in Kampar Regency, faces a serious problem related to adolescents' lack of access to health information and services, particularly regarding reproductive health. Survey results revealed that adolescents rarely receive regular health education or checkups, even though they are a vulnerable group to various health problems and behavioral disorders due to their identity-searching phase. The lack of reproductive health education in schools and the community also exacerbates this situation, leading adolescents to tend to obtain information from invalid or incorrect sources. Through the Community Service (PKM) program, a team of lecturers and students conducted a series of activities at SMPN 1 Padang to increase adolescents' knowledge and awareness of reproductive health. Three main approaches were used: direct education, outreach through interactive discussions, and distribution of leaflets as a continuous information medium. In addition, a question-and-answer session provided a space for students to openly share their questions and experiences without embarrassment. This approach was designed to create a participatory, educational atmosphere. These activities aimed not only to increase adolescents' knowledge but also to empower them to prevent the risk of health problems and behavioral disorders. The expected outcome of this activity is increased understanding of reproductive health among adolescents, as well as the formation of collective awareness for maintaining health and positive behaviors among adolescents. Sustainability of the program is also being pursued by involving teachers and school officials as partners in health education. This activity is also expected to serve as an educational model that can be replicated in other schools in Kampar Regency.

Scabies is a contagious skin disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei infestation, and generally affects children and adolescents, especially those living in crowded and unhygienic environments such as orphanages. This disease is highly contagious through direct contact and the sharing of personal items, such as towels, clothing, and bedding. Therefore, ongoing promotional and preventive efforts are crucial to prevent the spread of scabies in vulnerable communities. This community service activity was carried out at the Harapan Kita Orphanage within the Ariodillah Community Health Center (Puskesmas) working area. The main objective of the activity was to increase children's knowledge, awareness, and skills in preventing scabies transmission. The activity methods used included two-way discussion-based health education, providing real-life examples of personal hygiene, and distributing educational leaflets that are easy for children to understand. The education was conducted interactively by involving participants in questions and answers, handwashing simulations, and education on the importance of washing clothes and maintaining clean bedding. Post-activity observations showed that all participants did not experience active scabies symptoms, and there was an increase in participants' understanding of clean and healthy lifestyles. The children showed high enthusiasm and were able to reflect on the information presented. Overall, this activity proved effective in raising awareness of the importance of personal and environmental hygiene. This counseling model is highly relevant for regular implementation in orphanages or other institutions at high risk of spreading infectious skin diseases, as part of an education-based public health strategy. With the active involvement of the orphanage caregivers, it is hoped that this program can be sustainable and become part of the routine health education for children.

Religiousness in the context of religious life in Indonesia is not only seen in the diversity between religions, but also within the same religion with differences in religious beliefs and practices. Each individual or group has its own way of expressing their beliefs, which are often influenced by local cultural backgrounds and traditions. Indonesia, as a country rich in culture, has a legacy of traditions that are still embedded in people's lives, including in religious practices. In Sari Rejo Village, the funeral procession is one concrete manifestation of the fusion of religious values ​​and hereditary traditions. However, within the community there are groups who adhere to pure Islamic law, without mixing religious teachings with ancestral traditions. This difference in perspective triggers social conflict between adherents of religious law and adherents of tradition. This conflict does not stop at differences in practice, but develops into a form of social discrimination against adherents of religious law. This condition gives rise to social inequality that can disrupt the harmony of community life. This study aims to answer several main questions: (1) what is the form and meaning of funeral traditions in Sari Rejo Village? (2) why social inequality arises in these funeral ceremonies? (3) how are traditional adherents treated differently compared to adherents of religious law? (The text appears to be incomplete and should be omitted.) The research method used is qualitative, relying on primary and secondary data, and direct field observations. The results indicate that the majority of Sari Rejo residents, as adherents of tradition, tend to discriminate against adherents of religious law. This is evident in the differences in treatment, attitudes, and social acceptance of those who choose to practice their religion according to its guidance without incorporating traditional elements. These findings confirm that differences in religious practice, even within the same religion, can become a source of social inequality if not managed wisely.

Public communication plays a crucial role in delivering targeted transportation information and building a positive image of government institutions in the eyes of the public. One concrete implementation of effective public communication is the Edutrip program, an educational initiative from Surakarta's Tirtonadi Terminal designed to improve public transportation literacy, particularly among students and teachers. This program is not merely an educational visit, but also a strategic tool for Tirtonadi Terminal Public Relations to introduce the terminal's function as a modern and integrated transportation service center. This study aims to analyze the public communication strategies implemented by Tirtonadi Terminal Public Relations in implementing Edutrip, with a primary focus on their interactions with students and teachers as participants. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the results show that Tirtonadi Terminal Public Relations predominantly applies the Public Information model from Grunig and Hunt (1984), namely by conveying one-way information that is educational and factual. However, in practice, elements of the Two-Way Symmetrical model were also found, particularly through question and answer sessions, discussions, and gathering feedback from participants which were then used as evaluation material for future program improvements. In contrast, the Press Agentry and Two-Way Asymmetrical models did not appear dominant, given that the approach used did not focus on excessive promotion or information manipulation, but rather on objective and dialogical education. This adaptive and responsive communication strategy not only increased participants' understanding of public transportation but also helped shape the positive image of Tirtonadi Terminal as a transparent, professional, and educational public institution. These findings emphasize the importance of selecting an appropriate and contextual communication model in building constructive relationships between public institutions and the community.

Cough and flu are common health problems experienced by the public, with high prevalence across various age groups. The widespread practice of self-medication in the community highlighted the need for proper education regarding the rational and appropriate selection of medications. This educational activity was conducted at two strategic locations: the Car Free Day (CFD) in Solo and Taman Jaya Wijaya in Mojosongo. The method involved direct socialization, distribution of educational leaflets, and interactive question-and-answer sessions. The education focused on the differences between dry and productive coughs, appropriate medication choices, flu medicine content, and the use of natural remedies such as herbal treatments. A total of 41 participants from diverse backgrounds joined the activity enthusiastically. The results showed an increase in public understanding of cough classifications, medicine components, and the importance of reading drug labels before purchase. The sessions also emphasized the need to match medications with symptoms and advised consulting healthcare professionals if symptoms did not improve within three days. Positive responses from participants indicated that direct education effectively raised awareness and encouraged more rational and safe self-medication practices.

Cough and flu are common health problems experienced by the public, with high prevalence across various age groups. The widespread practice of self-medication in the community highlighted the need for proper education regarding the rational and appropriate selection of medications. This educational activity was conducted at two strategic locations: the Car Free Day (CFD) in Solo and Taman Jaya Wijaya in Mojosongo. The method involved direct socialization, distribution of educational leaflets, and interactive question-and-answer sessions. The education focused on the differences between dry and productive coughs, appropriate medication choices, flu medicine content, and the use of natural remedies such as herbal treatments. A total of 41 participants from diverse backgrounds joined the activity enthusiastically. The results showed an increase in public understanding of cough classifications, medicine components, and the importance of reading drug labels before purchase. The sessions also emphasized the need to match medications with symptoms and advised consulting healthcare professionals if symptoms did not improve within three days. Positive responses from participants indicated that direct education effectively raised awareness and encouraged more rational and safe self-medication practices.

Panoramic radiography is an imaging technique that plays a crucial role in dental practice, particularly in supporting the diagnosis and treatment planning process. Image quality that does not meet diagnostic standards can lead to the need for repeat imaging. The high rate of repeat panoramic imaging at the Radiology Unit of Dr. Suhardi Hardjolukito Air Force Base Hospital (RSPAU) is an indicator of the need for further study of the causal factors. The purpose of this study was to identify the causes of repeat panoramic radiography examinations, calculate the percentage contribution of each factor, assess radiographers' understanding of optimal image quality criteria, and explore appropriate strategies to reduce the frequency of repeat examinations. This study used a mixed methods approach with quantitative and qualitative descriptive approaches. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation during August–October 2024 at the Radiology Unit of Dr. Suhardi Hardjolukito Air Force Base Hospital. The sample included 15 radiographers for the questionnaire and 3 radiographers for the interviews. An analysis of 916 panoramic radiography examinations revealed 57 repeat cases, with a rate of 6.2%. The primary factors causing repeats were machine error (57.8%), followed by positioning errors (24.5%), artifacts (10.5%), human error (5.3%), and patient movement (1.8%). Radiographers' understanding of the criteria for good panoramic images was high, with 66.7% answering all questions correctly. The primary effort implemented to reduce repeat rates is the implementation of routine quality control of equipment. The high repeat rate, exceeding national tolerance limits, indicates the need for technical and procedural improvements. Routine quality control and material refresher courses are needed to reduce repeat rates and improve patient safety.  

This community service project aimed to implement and evaluate the effectiveness of using English-language YouTube videos to improve listening skills at Package C Community Learning Centers (PKBM) in Banjarmasin City. Listening skills have been identified as a major challenge for students at PKBM due to limited exposure to authentic materials and real-world language. This research utilized a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest format involving 30 students from a local PKBM. The implementation stages included interactive lectures, YouTube video screenings, followed by discussions and question-and-answer sessions, with the effectiveness assessed through pretests and posttests. The quantitative results revealed a significant improvement in listening comprehension, with the average listening score increasing from 82.9 in the pretest to 86.7 in the posttest, reflecting a positive impact of the intervention. In addition to the quantitative results, the qualitative data highlighted high levels of student engagement and motivation throughout the learning process. Many students expressed that the YouTube videos made the content more relatable and enjoyable, which contributed to a deeper understanding of the material. This suggests that the use of YouTube videos is not only effective in enhancing listening skills but also fosters a more interactive and student-centered learning environment, making the learning experience more relevant to the needs of non-formal learners. The study concludes that YouTube videos are a promising and innovative tool for improving English language teaching at PKBM, providing accessible and engaging resources that can bridge the gap between formal and informal learning environments, helping students connect better with the material.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a significant public health challenge in Indonesia, with the increasing prevalence of cases every year. One of the key methods of controlling the spread of DHF is to target the vector, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, by eradicating their larvae. However, the widespread and continuous use of chemical larvicides has raised concerns regarding the development of mosquito resistance and environmental pollution. This community service activity aimed to provide students at Duta Karya Vocational High School with knowledge and practical skills to use natural, eco-friendly alternatives for controlling mosquito larvae, focusing on papaya seeds (Carica papaya) and alum as natural larvicides. The methods for this activity included interactive counseling, a demonstration on how to produce larvicides using papaya seeds and alum, and an engaging question-and-answer session. Thirty 12th-grade students from the Pharmacy class participated in this activity. The results revealed that the activity was highly effective in increasing the students' understanding and practical ability to independently create and apply natural larvicides. The students expressed a high level of enthusiasm and interest in the topic, actively participating in the discussions and demonstrations. As a result of this community service, the school has expressed interest in incorporating this activity into its School Health Unit (UKS) work program, which will further promote the use of natural, sustainable methods for controlling mosquito populations. The students, now equipped with the necessary skills, are ready to become "jumantik" cadres—community health volunteers responsible for monitoring and preventing mosquito larvae development. This initiative also raised awareness about utilizing organic waste, such as papaya seeds, to create valuable products for the prevention of DHF.

Hypertension is a chronic condition characterized by blood pressure exceeding the normal range, specifically 140/90 mmHg. One of the primary contributors to hypertension is insufficient potassium intake. Studies suggest that foods rich in potassium, such as pumpkin, can help regulate blood pressure. Pumpkin is an excellent source of potassium and dietary fiber, which are beneficial in managing hypertension. This health education program aimed to provide the Cot Paya community with knowledge about how pumpkin pudding can be used as a natural remedy to lower blood pressure. The method employed in this activity included a lecture followed by a question-and-answer session, allowing for an interactive exchange of information. The intervention focused on educating families and elderly individuals about the causes of hypertension, its impact on health, and the potential benefits of incorporating pumpkin pudding into their diet. The response from the Cot Paya community was positive, with many participants showing keen interest in the topic. Several parents and elderly residents actively engaged by asking questions related to hypertension and its management. The educational session not only improved awareness about hypertension but also provided practical knowledge on using pumpkin pudding as a dietary tool for managing high blood pressure. By the end of the session, participants demonstrated a better understanding of hypertension, its prevention, and the role of potassium-rich foods like pumpkin in reducing blood pressure. The activity was well-received and laid the foundation for continued health education within the community, particularly in promoting natural dietary interventions to prevent and manage hypertension.

Traditional herbal drinks based on natural ingredients such as ginger, lemongrass, and lemon are widely known to have various health benefits. However, not all levels of society understand the properties, processing methods, and proper consumption of these herbal drinks. This community service activity aims to provide education regarding the benefits of herbal drinks to the community around the Sari Mutiara Pharmacy. The implementation method used was an interactive lecture, question and answer session, and distribution of information brochures. The results of the activity showed an increase in public understanding of the benefits and uses of herbal drinks. This activity was attended by 20 residents and is expected to be the first step in increasing awareness of consuming herbal drinks as a health promotion and prevention effort. Conclusion: Thecommunityserviceactivityto introduceherbaldrinks to the community around the Sari Mutiara Pharmacy successfully increased public understanding and interest in consuming herbal drinks as part of a healthy lifestyle.

Indonesia has two frameworks of a criminal law system that runs in parallel, namely Western criminal law which comes from the Dutch colonial heritage through the Criminal Code (KUHP) and customary criminal law that develops in society based on traditional norms. Both have important positions in the national legal system despite their different characters and sources of legitimacy. The Criminal Code is present as a general written law with a strong codification and legal certainty, while customary criminal law is more flexible, dynamic, and emphasizes the value of social justice that lives in society. In practice, the application of customary criminal law is often oriented towards restoring harmony, deliberation, and family settlement. This is different from the Criminal Code which emphasizes formal sanctions in the form of imprisonment, fines, or other punishments that are retributive. This difference in orientation is what makes customary criminal law still relevant and accepted in various regions, even though it does not always receive full recognition in Indonesia's positive legal system. Along with the times, the government has drafted a Draft Criminal Code Bill (RUU KUHP) which is expected to be a form of national criminal law unification. The Criminal Code Bill from 2005 to the latest one in 2020 tried to incorporate elements of customary criminal law into the national legal framework. This aims to accommodate the legal pluralism that exists in Indonesia, as well as answer the needs of the community for a legal system that not only provides legal certainty, but also reflects a sense of social justice. Thus, the comparison between the Criminal Code and customary criminal law shows that there is tension as well as the potential for integration.

The topic of Differentiated Instruction (DI) has recently been studied by researchers and practitioners due to its importance and potential to improve student learning. In this regard, the current study aims to provide a concise overview of DI in the context of EFL to illustrate the need for its implementation in the classroom to foster successful language learning. Since differentiated instruction is designed to place students at the centre of the teaching and learning process, promote equity and academic success, as well as recognize diversity among students, it enables teachers to address a student’s unique needs, interests, abilities, English proficiency, and preferred learning strategies. While challenges such as increased workload and implementation pressure in DI may arise, the potential benefits of this approach to students' learning processes, attitudes toward learning, and long-term success are notable. Therefore, the learning process is maximized when teachers are committed to differentiated instruction. SMA ISLAM PLUS ADZKIA (SIPA) is one of the most popular spotlight of school in Medan which the school was succeed in graduating their Alumni to Kedinasan and private university both inside and outside the country with scholarship. This school becomes the spot or role model for many other schools in Medan, therefore, the researcher intended to investigate further about the teaching model applied in this school, especially in EFL classroom in studying English. Some problems need to be answered after applying this study, such as how the English teachers manage the class to apply the DI, how is the students’ understanding about the subject after they applied DI

The determination of contentious heirs at the Banda Aceh Syar'iyah Court is a legal procedure carried out when not all heirs are involved in submitting an application for determination of heirs. However, in practice, this application is still rarely submitted and is poorly understood procedurally. This study aims to analyze the Application Procedure for the Determination of Contentious Heirs applied at the Banda Aceh Syar'iyah Court and the obstacles and obstacles faced in the implementation of the Application Procedure for the Determination of Contentious Heirs at the Banda Aceh Syar'iyah Court. This research uses a type of empirical juridical research, which is research that examines law not only as a written norm but also as real behavior in judicial practice. Data were obtained from field research, interviews, and literature. Data analysis uses qualitative methods. The results of the study show that the contentious procedure includes the stages of summoning the respondent, mediation, reading of the application, answers, replicas, duplicates, proof, conclusions, and decisions by the panel of judges, as well as opening up opportunities for legal remedies such as appeals, cassation, and review. The submission of an application for the determination of heirs in a contentious manner is often constrained because the defendant refuses to participate or his whereabouts are unknown, thus hindering the court process and the fulfillment of inheritance rights.