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Back discomfort is a common musculoskeletal complaint among pregnant women, particularly in the third trimester, caused by biomechanical and physiological changes during pregnancy. This condition can interfere with daily activities, reduce sleep quality, and decrease overall comfort. Pharmacological treatments during pregnancy are limited due to safety concerns, making non-pharmacological therapies essential in primary healthcare. One alternative is the use of warm ginger compresses, which combine the benefits of heat therapy with the anti-inflammatory properties of ginger. This study aimed to examine the effect of warm ginger compresses on reducing back pain intensity in third-trimester pregnant women at the Jailolo Community Health Centre. The research used a pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design. The sample consisted of 16 pregnant women selected through purposive sampling. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and after the intervention. The treatment involved applying warm ginger compresses to the lower back following a standardized procedure. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate methods with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results showed a significant reduction in back pain intensity after the intervention (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that warm ginger compresses are an effective, safe, and simple non-pharmacological method for reducing back pain in third-trimester pregnant women.

Back pain is a common complaint among pregnant women, especially in the third trimester, caused by hormonal changes, uterine enlargement, and poor postural balance. If untreated, this pain can disrupt sleep quality and daily activities. The pelvic tilt technique, a non-pharmacological intervention, strengthens abdominal and pelvic muscles, maintains posture, and relieves back pain. This study examined the effect of the pelvic tilt technique on back pain intensity in third-trimester pregnant women at Karangdoro Public Health Center. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The population consisted of all third-trimester pregnant women with physiological back pain (without comorbid conditions or a history of premature rupture of membranes). Using a total sampling technique, 34 respondents were included. The intervention was conducted for seven consecutive days. Data collection employed observation sheets and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test because the normality test yielded p < 0.05. Statistical results showed p = 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating that the pelvic tilt technique significantly reduced back pain intensity. These findings suggest that pelvic tilt exercises can serve as a safe, simple, and effective non-pharmacological alternative therapy to alleviate bapain in third-trimester pregnant women.

Adolescence is an important period in which individuals experience various dynamics of change, both psychologically and biologically. In general, biological changes in this age group occur more rapidly than mental development. This phenomenon has contributed to the emergence of various problems, one of which is promiscuous behavior, which Indonesia is currently facing. The research conducted at SMAN 1 Krueng Barona Jaya aimed to analyze how health education can contribute to increasing adolescents' knowledge about the risks of promiscuity. This study was conducted on May 14, 2025, with a pre-experimental research design, using a One Group Pre-test Post-test design. A total of 44 students were selected as respondents through proportional sampling. The main measurement tool was a knowledge questionnaire used as a data collection instrument, while statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test. The pretest findings showed that 8 students (18.2%) were in the low knowledge category, 7 students (15.9%) were in the moderate knowledge category, and 29 students (65.9%) had good knowledge. In the post-test stage, there was a significant increase with 39 respondents (88.6%) in the good knowledge category and 5 respondents (11.4%) in the sufficient category. Health education was proven to have a significant impact on adolescents' knowledge about the dangers of promiscuity, as indicated by a p-value of 0.001. Through these findings, it is hoped that adolescents can be more proactive and responsible in obtaining accurate information about reproductive health, especially regarding the dangers of promiscuous behavior.

Introduction: Back pain during pregnancy is a problem that is often experienced by pregnant women and is complex because it involves not only physical changes, but also psychological aspects. Changes in body biomechanics, weight gain, and shifting of the center of gravity due to uterine enlargement are the main factors that trigger pain complaints, especially in the lower back area. This condition can have a negative impact on the quality of life of pregnant women, interfere with daily activities, and even worsen emotional states due to the emergence of anxiety, fear, and stress if not managed properly. Treatment of back pain in pregnant women can be done through safe non-pharmacological methods, one of which is prenatal yoga. Yoga practice for pregnant women has been proven to provide benefits in the form of relaxation, posture improvement, and increased muscle elasticity. One of the effective movements is the Angry Cat Pose because it is able to stretch the back muscles, improve blood circulation, and reduce pressure on the lower spine. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect  of Angry Cat Pose  exercise on the intensity of back pain in pregnant women in the third trimester. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a one group pretest-posttest design. The study sample consisted of 31 pregnant women in the third trimester with complaints of back pain who visited the Gunungpati Health Center. The research instrument was in the form of a questionnaire, while the data analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon test with a significance level of <0.05. Results: The results showed a significant effect of the Angry Cat Pose  exercise on the reduction of back pain in pregnant women in the third trimester with p=0.000. After the intervention, the majority of respondents experienced a decrease in pain to the mild category on a scale of 1–3. Conclusion: The Angry Cat Pose  exercise has been shown to be effective in reducing back pain in third trimester pregnant women, so it can be recommended as a safe, simple, and routine nonpharmacological intervention under the supervision of health workers.

Acne is a common health problem experienced by adolescents, a skin disease found particularly in teenagers. Acne begins to emerge during puberty, and the main factors causing it are a lack of facial hygiene, excessive sebum production, clogged pores, and Propionibacterium acnes bacterial infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education on Piper crocatum in treating acne. This was a quasi-experimental study using a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population consisted of all 55 eleventh-grade students at Futuhiyyah Mranggen High School. Total sampling was used as the sampling technique. Data collection was done using pre- and post-questionnaires to assess the level of knowledge about Piper crocatum. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed a p-value of 0.00 (<0.05), indicating that there was an effect of providing education about Piper crocatum in treating acne in adolescents. The Z-value was -6.681, which means that the education about Piper crocatum had a significant effect, leading to an improvement in facial condition before and after the education was provided. In conclusion, providing education had a significant effect on the knowledge of adolescents about Piper crocatum in treating acne. The recommendation is that educating adolescents can increase their knowledge, understanding, and awareness of Piper crocatum as a treatment for facial acne.

Urinary incontinence is a common medical condition among older women, characterized by the involuntary leakage of urine due to impaired bladder control. This condition not only affects physical health but also has significant psychosocial impacts, including reduced self-confidence and quality of life. Non-pharmacological interventions, particularly pelvic floor muscle exercises, have been recognized as effective strategies to strengthen the bladder sphincter and pelvic floor muscles, thereby enhancing urinary retention. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle exercises in reducing the frequency of urinary incontinence among elderly women. An experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach was employed. The study population consisted of 64 elderly women receiving care at the Gunung Pati Public Health Center in Semarang, from which 45 participants were selected through purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and clinical observation to assess the frequency of urinary incontinence episodes before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and the results indicated a significant reduction in urinary incontinence episodes following the exercise program, with a p-value of <0.001. These findings suggest that pelvic floor muscle exercises are a simple, cost-effective, and non-invasive intervention to manage urinary incontinence in elderly women. Implementing such exercises in community health programs can play a vital role in promoting the well-being and independence of older women. The study recommends incorporating pelvic floor muscle training into routine elderly care services and encourages further research with larger samples and longer follow-up periods to confirm the long-term benefits.

Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan suatu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh gigitan nyamuk betina spesies aedes aegypti yang membawa virus dengue. Anak usia sekolah rentan terhadap penularan DBD sehingga sangat penting diberikan edukasi tentang penyakit ini. Metode edukasi yang tepat untuk anak usia sekolah salah satunya yaitu dengan permainan edukatif seperti permainan ular tangga. Metode permainan ini bisa memudahkan anak sekolah untuk menambahkan pengetahuan tentang penyakit DBD pada anak sekolah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi permainan ular tangga tentang penyakit DBD terhadap tingkat pengetahuan pada anak sekolah. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu pre eksperimen dengan pendekatan one group pretest posttest design. Populasi adalah seluruh siswa-siswi sebanyak 193 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan proporsional random sampling yang ditetapkan berdasarkan rumus Slovin sehingga jumlah sampel sebanyak 66 orang. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji wilcoxon sampel t-test. Hasil penelitian pengaruh sebelum dan sesudah pemberian edukasi permainan ular tangga tentang penyakit DBD didapatkan p-value 0,000 (< 0.05). Kesimpulan penelitian ada pengaruh sebelum dan sesudah pemberian edukasi permainan ular tangga tentang penyakit DBD pada anak sekolah.

Brushing teeth among elementary school students continues to be a concern for everyone, especially in maintaining their dental health. To generate the level of the students’ knowledge, it can be seen from a video-based learning method. The survey in SD Negeri 71 Banda Aceh showed that most students have a misunderstanding of how to do proper brushing of teeth. The other way to monitor mouth health is to have never watched educational media in the form of videos. This study aims to determine the video-based learning method on tooth brushing knowledge among fourth and fifth-grade students of SD Negeri 71 Banda Aceh. This study is a quantitative study using a correlational approach with quasi quasi-experimental design of Pre-Test and Post-Test. This study consisted of one group that examined the knowledge using the instrument of video therapy. The sample was 45 students that never chosen by using a total sampling technique of all population. Data analysis using univariate and bivariate analyses with a normality test and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The findings indicate that knowledge with Cronbach's Alpha (0.758) > r table (0,361) and video-based learning. The result of the bivariate analysis obtained the average statistical value for the pretest as 157. The calculation for the post-test value is 170 with a p-value = 0,000 (≤ 0.05). Therefore, this study proves that there is an effect of the video-based learning method on tooth brushing knowledge of fourth and fifth-grade students in SD Negeri 71 Banda Aceh. It is expected that students can apply the information provided on brushing their teeth in daily life.  

Pain is one of the main problems that cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy often experience, both as a direct result of the development of the disease and as a side effect of the therapy undergone. Pain that is not handled properly can decrease the quality of life, interfere with daily activities, and negatively impact the patient's psychological state. Therefore, non-pharmacological interventions are important as a companion effort to medical treatment. This study aims to analyze the effect of the combination of Benson relaxation technique and Quranic Healing therapy on the pain level of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at the Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang. The research uses a quasi experiment design with a nonequivalent control group design approach. The sample size was 36 respondents, divided into intervention groups and control groups, each consisting of 18 respondents. Pain levels were measured with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) instrument before and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test for differences within groups and the Mann–Whitney test for differences between groups. The results showed a significant decrease in pain levels in the intervention group (p = 0.000) compared to the control group (p = 0.046), with a significant difference between the two groups after the intervention (p = 0.001). In conclusion, the combination of Benson relaxation techniques and Quranic Healing has been shown to be effective in reducing pain in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. These interventions can be recommended as an alternative to non-pharmacological nursing measures to improve the comfort and quality of life of cancer patients.

Flour Albus is one of the reproductive health problems commonly experienced by young women. Vaginal discharge is a condition of vaginal discharge other than blood that occurs outside of normal conditions, this fluid can be odorless or not, and is often accompanied by itching in the area around the vagina. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of reproductive health education on knowledge of flour albus in young women. This type of research is quasi-experimental with a one-group pretest posttest design approach. The population taken was all 10th grade girls with a total of 40 respondents at SMK Theresiana Semarang. The sampling technique was total sampling. The data collection tool used a knowledge questionnaire. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon Test. The results of this study obtained a p-value of 0.002 (<0.05) which means there is an influence on reproductive health education on knowledge of flour albus in young women, with this Z-value of 3.052 which means that providing reproductive health education on flour albus has a 3-fold increase in knowledge in adolescents. Conclusion There is an influence on reproductive health education on knowledge of flour albus in young women. The suggestion that can be put forward is that young women can increase their understanding, awareness, knowledge and prevention methods because many young women still do not know the impacts and treatment and prevention of Flour Albus that occurs in themselves.

Adolescents represent an age group highly susceptible to health issues, particularly sexually transmitted infections (STIs), due to limited knowledge and restricted access to accurate information. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of health education in improving adolescents’ knowledge about STIs at SMK Tamansiswa Boja Kendal. The study employed a quantitative pre-experimental method using a one-group pretest-posttest design. A total of 32 students were selected using accidental sampling. The intervention consisted of health education delivered through booklets and posters. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Findings revealed a substantial increase in knowledge after the intervention. Prior to the education, 96.9% of respondents demonstrated low knowledge, and only 3.1% had sufficient understanding; after the intervention, 100% of participants achieved a high level of knowledge. The Wilcoxon test yielded a significance value of p = 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a statistically meaningful difference before and after the intervention. These results confirm that health education is effective in enhancing adolescent understanding of STIs. Similar programs are recommended to be implemented regularly in educational settings as part of reproductive health promotion and disease prevention efforts..

Background : Nausea and vomiting are common physiological complaints during the first trimester of pregnancy, caused mainly by increased levels of hCG, estrogen, and progesterone. Although considered normal, these symptoms can disrupt daily activities and decrease quality of life. If excessive, they may result in complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, weight loss, and hyperemesis gravidarum, which threaten maternal and fetal health. Management can involve pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies. One safe, simple, and widely applied non-pharmacological approach is acupressure at the Pericardium 6 (PC6) point, believed to regulate the nausea center in the brain. Objective : This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of acupressure at the PC6 point in reducing nausea and vomiting among first-trimester pregnant women at PMB Ariyawati Susiandari, S.Tr.Keb., Central Lampung Regency. Method : This pre-experimental study used a one-group pretest–posttest design. Acupressure was performed at the PC6 point for 30 seconds, twice daily (morning and evening). Data were collected by observing changes in the intensity of nausea and vomiting before and after the intervention.The assessment was conducted by observing changes in the intensity of nausea and vomiting before and after the intervention. Result : Before acupressure, all respondents experienced moderate nausea and vomiting. After the intervention, most reported improvement, with symptoms reduced to the mild category. Statistical analysis with the Wilcoxon test showed a significance value of p=0.000, indicating a significant difference between pre- and post-intervention scores. Conclusion : Acupressure at the PC6 point effectively reduced nausea and vomiting in first-trimester pregnant women. This method can be recommended as a complementary non-pharmacological therapy that is safe, practical, and easily integrated into midwifery care.

Hypertension is one of the global public health issues with serious implications as it may lead to severe complications such as stroke, coronary heart disease, and kidney failure. Elderly individuals are among the most vulnerable groups, with the highest prevalence found in the age group of 65–74 years (57.6%) and those over 75 years (63.8%). Non-pharmacological treatment for hypertension includes regular and consistent elderly gymnastics. This study aims to examine the effect of elderly gymnastics on blood pressure among elderly individuals with hypertension at the Rumoh Sejahtera Geunaseh Sayang Nursing Home, Ulee Kareng, Banda Aceh. The study applied a quasi-experimental design with a deductive approach. The population consisted of 55 elderly individuals, and 17 were selected as the sample using total sampling technique. The elderly gymnastics intervention was conducted three times a week, from April 17th to 22nd, 2025. Blood pressure was measured before and after the intervention using a pre-test and post-test observation sheet. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test, suitable for non-parametric data. Results showed that on the first day, there was no significant difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.091). On the second day, systolic blood pressure showed a significant decrease (p = 0.003), while diastolic pressure remained non-significant (p = 0.161). On the third session, a significant reduction occurred in both systolic (p = 0.000) and diastolic (p = 0.001) blood pressure. Conclusion: Elderly gymnastics has an effect on reducing blood pressure in elderly individuals with hypertension. This intervention may serve as an effective and applicable non-pharmacological therapy in daily life.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of murrotal therapy on pain and anxiety levels in patients after radiofrequency action. This study uses a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design of one group pretest-posttest involving 50 post-radiofrequency patients at Sultan Agung Hospital Semarang. The research data were collected using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) instrument to assess pain levels and the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) to assess anxiety levels. Univariate analysis showed that most of the respondents were women with an average age of 44.04 years, included in the intermediate adult category. The results of bivariate analysis with the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed a significant decrease in both pain and anxiety levels after being given murrative therapy, with a p-value of 0.000 for both variables. This shows that murrotal therapy is effective in providing psychological relaxation and spiritual distraction effects, so that it can reduce the intensity of pain while reducing anxiety in patients. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that murrotal therapy is a non-pharmacological intervention that is simple, safe, and easy to apply by health workers. It also has great potential as a complementary therapy that supports the management of pain and anxiety after medical procedures, especially invasive procedures such as radiofrequency. Thus, the application of murrotal therapy can be used as an additional alternative in improving the quality of nursing services in hospitals.

Patients who are admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) often require mechanical ventilation due to respiratory failure. One of the common problems that arises in patients with mechanical ventilation is the buildup of sputum, which can interfere with the ventilation process as well as lower the tidal volume. To overcome this, a combination of clapping and suction interventions are used as a therapeutic method with the aim of helping to clear the airways and improve ventilation function. This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of clapping and suction on tidal volume in patients with respiratory failure using mechanical ventilation. The research design used a pre-experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest approach on 43 respondents in the ICU room. Interventions in the form of clapping and suction are given in a structured manner according to standard nursing procedures. The results showed that the majority of respondents were female (53.5%), with the most medical diagnosis being SNH (23.3%). Most of the respondents were in the late adult age category (32.6%) and used PCV ventilation mode (51.2%). Before the intervention, most respondents had a low tidal volume (72.1%), while after the intervention the majority had an increase to the normal category (90.7%). The Wilcoxon test showed a value of p = 0.001, which means that there is a significant effect of the combination of clapping and suction on the increase in tidal volume. Thus, it can be concluded that the combination of clapping and suction is an effective intervention in increasing tidal volume in patients with respiratory failure with mechanical ventilation at the ICU of RSI Sultan Agung Semarang.

Symptoms of nausea and vomiting (emesis gravidarum) are common complaints in the early trimester. However, if it continues without treatment, this condition can develop into hyperemesis gravidarum which risks causing nutritional deficiencies in the mother and inhibiting fetal growth. (Intraupterine Growth Retardation /IUGR). Treatment can be done non-pharmacologically with acupressure. Neiguan point (pericardium 6) is considered useful to reduce nausea and vomiting. This study aims to determine the effect of self-acupressure therapy pericardium 6 by pregnant women on Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy (NVP). The research design used a pre-experiment with a one group pretest-posttest design without control group. The sampling technique used simple random sampling with a sample of 38 pregnant women Trimester I K1 who experienced nausea and vomiting, no history of gastritis. Data collection using the Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea (PUQE-24) observation sheet The results of statistical tests using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed the p value was (0.000). The research hypothesis proposed is an alternative hypothesis, where Ha = p < 0.05, meaning that there is an effect of self-acupressure therapy pericardium 6 (PC 6) by pregnant women on Nausea and Vomiting of Preganancy (NVP) at TPMB Yulis Indriana Malang City. Pericardium 6 acupressure is considered effective and safe for pregnant women.

The issue of solid waste is becoming increasingly complex in line with population growth and the expansion of residential areas, while the capacity of final disposal sites remains very limited. The absence of waste segregation at the source leads to accumulation, contributing to environmental pollution, the spread of diseases, and flooding due to clogged drainage channels. This study aimed to analyze changes in students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices before and after a waste-sorting educational intervention at SD Negeri 119 Palembang in 2025. A pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach was employed, involving 104 fifth-grade students selected through total sampling. The intervention consisted of waste-sorting education using audio-visual media, accompanied by pretest and posttest assessments. The findings revealed significant improvements in students’ knowledge (67.40 to 91.15), attitudes (23.28 to 32.56), and practices (12.72 to 22.90). The Wilcoxon test confirmed statistically significant differences between pre- and post-intervention scores (p < 0.05). These results highlight that audio-visual media–based education is effective in enhancing students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding waste sorting. Continuous implementation of similar programs in schools is strongly recommended to foster environmentally responsible behavior from an early age.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an endemic disease that can cause serious complications due to dehydration and plasma leakage, affecting the body temperature of patients. This study aims to examine the effect of oral fluid therapy on body temperature in pediatric patients with febrile DHF at RSU Comal Baru Pemalang. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest and control group, involving 30 respondents (15 intervention and 15 control) selected through consecutive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Body temperature data were measured using a thermometer before and after the oral fluid therapy, then analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, Paired t-test, Independent t-test, and Mann-Whitney U Test with a significance level of p<0.05. The results showed that the initial body temperature of both groups was comparable (38.08°C in the intervention group and 38.13°C in the control group; p=0.739). After oral fluid therapy, the body temperature of the intervention group significantly decreased to 36.39°C, while the control group only decreased to 37.56°C, with statistical tests showing a significant difference (p<0.001). This study concludes that oral fluid therapy is effective in reducing body temperature in pediatric patients with DHF and can be recommended as part of supportive nursing management.

Monitoring hemodynamic conditions, particularly oxygen saturation (SpO₂) and heart rate, is a crucial aspect of neonatal care, especially in critical conditions. In addition to therapeutic interventions, supportive measures such as repositioning (postural change) can help optimize ventilation distribution and lung function, which directly affect hemodynamic stability. This study aimed to examine the effect of repositioning on oxygen saturation and heart rate levels in neonates in the Peristi Room at RSI Sultan Agung Semarang. This research employed a one-group pretest-posttest design with 27 neonatal respondents. The procedure involved alternating the neonates’ positions to supine, right lateral, and left lateral for two hours in each position, followed by measurement of SpO₂ and heart rate before and after repositioning. Data analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, as some data were not normally distributed. The results showed a significant difference in heart rate after the right lateral position (p=0.027), while the change in SpO₂ was not significant (p=0.125). The left lateral and supine positions showed no significant changes in either heart rate or SpO₂ (p>0.05). It can be concluded that repositioning, particularly in the right lateral position, positively influences hemodynamic stability in neonates. Future studies are recommended to include a larger sample size for more comprehensive findings.

Health problems in older adults, particularly oral function disorders, often lead to serious complications such as chewing difficulties, which disrupt adequate nutritional intake and may trigger broader health issues including malnutrition, aspiration pneumonia, and a decline in overall quality of life. One intervention that has been introduced to address these challenges is the PATAKARA exercise, a simple oral rehabilitation technique designed to strengthen oral and facial muscles. This study aimed to analyze the effect of PATAKARA exercise on the oral function of older adults at Roujin Home Seseragi No Sato Zao, Japan. The research employed a quasi-experimental approach with a One Group Pretest-Post Test Design. The study population consisted of 75 older adults, with 40 participants selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire and analyzed with the Wilcoxon test. Findings showed that most participants were in the advanced elderly category (≥80 years), predominantly female, and had a secondary education background. Prior to the intervention, the majority exhibited moderate oral function, while after the exercise, most participants demonstrated improved oral function categorized as good. Statistical analysis revealed a significant effect of the PATAKARA exercise on oral function (p = 0.000). The results suggest that PATAKARA exercise effectively enhances oral muscle strength, including the lips, tongue, pharynx, and larynx, thereby improving chewing, swallowing, and speech functions. This exercise can be recommended as a practical, non-invasive, and low-cost intervention to support oral health and overall well-being among older adults.