Publication Search

This study aims to analyze the quality of educational services at SDN Lambangsari 05 Tambun Selatan based on students’ perceptions using the Service Quality (Servqual) method. The background of this research highlights the crucial role of elementary schools in providing quality education services as a fundamental stage in shaping students’ character, social skills, and cognitive abilities. By focusing on students’ perceptions, this study seeks to obtain a realistic picture of service quality from the perspective of the main beneficiaries, namely the students themselves. A qualitative approach was employed, and data collection techniques involved both direct observation of school activities and the distribution of structured questionnaires to 50 fourth-grade students to ensure the validity of the findings. The Servqual method was used to evaluate five service dimensions: Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy, which together provide a comprehensive assessment of educational service quality. The analysis results show that four dimensions—Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy—have positive gaps, indicating that the services provided meet or exceed students’ expectations and reflect the school’s commitment to quality. However, the Tangibles dimension shows a small negative gap (-0.03), suggesting the need for improvements in physical aspects such as the cleanliness of classrooms, the availability of learning media, and the maintenance of school facilities. In conclusion, the overall quality of educational services at SDN Lambangsari 05 is considered good, with strong performance in non-physical aspects, although upgrading physical facilities remains essential to enhance student satisfaction and create a more conducive learning environment.

Higher education in Afghanistan faces chronic challenges stemming from decades of conflict, political instability, and underinvestment. Universities operate with limited infrastructure, outdated curricula, and overcrowded classrooms, leaving students underprepared for the demands of a competitive global labor market. The COVID-19 pandemic further exposed the fragility of the sector, as efforts to shift toward online learning were hindered by poor connectivity, unreliable electricity, and insufficient institutional readiness. This study investigates the potential of e-learning combined with artificial intelligence (AI) to address these systemic limitations and to provide a sustainable pathway for educational reform in fragile contexts. Adopting a qualitative design, the study draws on documentation analysis, field observations, and semi-structured interviews with lecturers, administrators, and students in Afghan universities. The data were analyzed thematically, focusing on infrastructure barriers, institutional capacity, and perceptions of AI-enhanced e-learning. Findings highlight that while conventional e-learning platforms expanded access during emergencies, they often lacked adaptability, personalization, and effectiveness in sustaining engagement. Participants demonstrated limited technical literacy regarding AI but expressed strong interest in its potential to improve teaching efficiency, student support, and inclusiveness. The absence of coherent policy frameworks and persistent gender and geographic inequalities emerged as critical challenges to equitable implementation. This study contributes to the state-of-the-art by extending discussions of AI in education into a fragile-state context, where assumptions of stable infrastructure and governance do not apply. It also problematizes the universality of technology adoption theories, suggesting the need for adaptations that incorporate structural and socio-cultural variables. AI-enabled e-learning can partially mitigate Afghanistan's educational infrastructure deficits when implemented alongside capacity building, inclusive design, and supportive governance frameworks. These findings hold relevance not only for Afghanistan but also for other fragile states seeking innovative, equitable, and sustainable educational solutions.

Asus is one of the laptop brands from Taiwan that is widely recognized among students due to its products offering good quality, reliable performance, and competitive pricing, making it popular among students. This study aims to examine the influence of Product Quality, which includes performance, durability, and the features offered. In addition, price plays an important role in the purchase decision, although in some cases it may be influenced by the consumer’s perception of the product's value. Brand Equity includes factors such as brand awareness, brand image, and consumer loyalty, and is also considered a highly influential element in the Purchase Decision of Asus Laptops among students of the FISIP Faculty at Universitas Mulawarman. This study employs a quantitative approach with a survey method. The sampling technique used is probability sampling with a simple random sampling method, involving 98 respondents. Data is collected through questionnaires distributed to FISIP students at Universitas Mulawarman who are users or buyers of Asus laptops. Data analysis is performed using multiple linear regression to determine the relationship and influence between independent variables (product quality, price, and brand equity) and the dependent variable (purchase decision). The results indicate that product quality, price, and brand equity both partially and simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on the purchase decision, meaning that the greater the likelihood of students purchasing an Asus laptop. These findings show that these three variables are key factors influencing consumer behavior in making a purchase decision for Asus laptops. This study provides valuable insight into the factors influencing technology product purchase decisions among students.

This study investigates the influence of the film Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wijck on students’ perceptions of Minangkabau culture, focusing on Communication Science students at Bina Sarana Informatika University (UBSI). The research employs a quantitative approach with a survey method, applying the Uses and Effects theory to examine how media content affects audience perception. The study aims to understand how cultural values embedded in the film impact students’ knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral orientations toward Minangkabau traditions. A total of respondents were surveyed to measure their cultural perceptions before and after watching the film. Statistical analysis using correlation tests reveals a significant relationship between exposure to the film and students’ cultural perceptions, with a correlation coefficient of 0.631, indicating a moderately strong influence. The film illustrates various aspects of Minangkabau culture, including the matrilineal kinship system, social norms, and traditional values, which significantly enhance students’ awareness and understanding. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the film contributes not only to knowledge acquisition but also to shaping attitudes and potential behavioral changes toward cultural appreciation. The study concludes that film, as a powerful visual medium, plays a substantial role in shaping cultural perceptions among the younger generation. These findings underline the importance of strengthening cultural literacy through audiovisual media while encouraging critical perspectives to avoid misinterpretation of cultural messages. Future research is recommended to compare the impact of different cultural films across diverse student populations to deepen the understanding of media influence on cultural perception.

This study aims to analyze the influence of students' perceptions of Accreditation (X1), Promotion (X2), and Brand Image (X3) on their Interest (Y) in registering, with Cost (Z) serving as a moderating variable. Data were collected from 399 respondents. The validity test results indicate that all research instruments are valid. Meanwhile, the reliability test results show that all variables have Cronbach's Alpha values ranging from "Good" to "Excellent," confirming their reliability. The study's findings reveal that Promotion and Cost are dominant factors with a positive and significant influence on interest in registering. Additionally, Accreditation also has a positive and significant effect on interest. In contrast, the Brand Image variable does not have a significant partial influence on interest. However, when considered simultaneously, Accreditation, Promotion, and Brand Image collectively have a significant impact on interest. The moderation test results demonstrate that Cost significantly moderates the relationship between Brand Image and Interest, indicating that the effect of Brand Image on interest is either strengthened or weakened by cost considerations. In conclusion, to attract prospective students, private universities should prioritize effective promotional strategies and manage perceptions of competitive costs, including the availability of scholarships. While brand image remains important, focusing on tangible benefits reinforced by cost factors will have a greater impact on prospective students' decisions.

Indonesian EFL senior high school students. Traditional EFL instruction often emphasizes lower-order cognitive skills, limiting students' ability to analyze, evaluate, and create in English. This research explored student experiences with PBL and its impact on HOTS development. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five 11th-grade students participating in environmental-themed PBL activities. Thematic analysis identified patterns in student experiences and perceptions. Findings reveal that students perceive PBL as significantly more engaging than traditional instruction, fostering enhanced motivation, deeper understanding, and collaborative competencies. Students demonstrated active engagement in higher-order cognitive processes through research activities, critical discussions, and creative project development. Collaborative dimensions particularly enhanced analytical and evaluative thinking as students examined diverse perspectives. Implementation challenges emerged, including time management difficulties, group dynamics issues, resource limitations, and presentation anxiety. These challenges highlight PBL's complexity and the need for comprehensive support systems. The study concludes that while PBL effectively promotes HOTS development in EFL contexts, successful implementation requires systematic support, including project management instruction, collaborative skills development, adequate technological resources, and continuous professional development for educators.  

This study aims to describe how stereotypes occur in cross-cultural communication between PMM and PNM students and to examine their impacts on students’ achievement and interaction. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through observation, interviews, and questionnaires to capture both behavioral and perceptual aspects of communication. The findings reveal several key points. First, initial interactions shaped expectations and assumptions about each other’s behavior and culture. Second, stereotypes often caused miscommunication, misunderstandings, and confusion in interpreting messages. Third, they influenced group dynamics, including cooperation, participation, and conflict resolution. Fourth, students’ perceptions of identity, both personal and cultural, played a role in shaping their interactions. Fifth, the study identified both positive and negative impacts. Positive effects included enhanced Javanese language skills, increased cultural awareness, strengthened group identity, and cognitive shortcuts that facilitated understanding of others. Negative effects involved communication gaps, misinterpretation, discrimination, cultural barriers, and language difficulties. Overall, the study highlights that stereotypes in cross-cultural communication are a double-edged sword: while they can provide quick cognitive frameworks for understanding others, they can also impede effective communication and collaboration. These findings emphasize the importance of cultural sensitivity, awareness, and reflective practices in multicultural student interactions to maximize learning and minimize conflicts.

Patriarchy in the modern era still persists despite continuous efforts to achieve gender equality across various aspects of life, including education, the workplace, and social interactions. Its presence is often reinforced through mass media, particularly in television series. The drama series “Bid’ah” vividly portrays the impact of patriarchy on women’s lives, both in domestic settings and in the public sphere. This study aims to examine the extent to which exposure to the series “Bid’ah” influences viewers’ perceptions of patriarchy. This research employed a quantitative approach involving 100 undergraduate students from the Communication Science program at Universitas Bina Bangsa. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, where participants were selected based on specific criteria relevant to the research objectives. Data were collected through an online questionnaire using a four-point Likert scale to measure the respondents’ perceptions. The data were then analyzed using simple linear regression with the help of SPSS software. The findings indicate a significant influence between exposure to the series and viewers’ perceptions of patriarchy. This is evidenced by a correlation coefficient of 0.405 (p-value 0.000) and a coefficient of determination of 0.164. These results suggest that 16.4% of the variance in perceptions of patriarchy can be explained by exposure to the “Bid’ah” series, while 83.6% is influenced by other factors beyond this study. These findings highlight the important role of media in shaping social perceptions, particularly regarding gender norms and patriarchal values. This study contributes to the understanding of how media, especially television dramas, can both reinforce and challenge gender stereotypes, while also providing insights into the potential influence of media content on audiences’ attitudes toward gender equality.

In this study, which began with an initial speaking score of 60.5, the main objective was to enhance students’ English-speaking skills through structured dialogue by applying Problem-Based Learning (PBL). The research was conducted using a Collaborative Classroom Action Research approach, which followed four key stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. These stages were carried out in distinct cycles, with each cycle consisting of two meetings. Data were collected through several instruments, including structured dialogue tasks to measure speaking performance, questionnaires to evaluate students’ perceptions of PBL practice, and field notes to capture classroom dynamics. The participants of this study were fourth-semester students of the D3 English Study Program at the State Polytechnic. The findings indicated a significant improvement in students’ English-speaking performance across the two cycles. In Cycle I, the total score achieved was 1,500, with an average of 75 and a success percentage of 70%. In Cycle II, the total score increased to 1,700, with an average of 85 and a success percentage of 90%. This shows a substantial enhancement not only in terms of numerical achievement but also in students’ active engagement and confidence during structured dialogue activities. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the PBL approach in facilitating learning also improved notably. In Cycle I, the average effectiveness score was 6.4, while in Cycle II, it rose to 9.4. These findings suggest that integrating structured dialogue with PBL provides an effective strategy to foster students’ speaking proficiency. It also highlights the potential of collaborative classroom action research in promoting reflective teaching practices and sustained learning improvement.

This study aims to analyze the effect of brand image and viral marketing on purchasing decisions of Mixue products among students of the Business Administration Department at Politeknik Negeri Medan. Mixue is one of the contemporary beverage brands that has experienced rapid growth among university students. This popularity is inseparable from the strong brand image it has built and the viral marketing strategy carried out through social media platforms such as TikTok and Instagram, which successfully attract the attention of the younger generation. The research employed a quantitative approach by collecting numerical data supported with explanatory analysis. Data were obtained through questionnaires distributed to 93 respondents selected using purposive sampling, with specific criteria, namely students who had purchased Mixue products. The data were analyzed using a series of statistical tests, including validity test, reliability test, multiple linear regression, classical assumption test, t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination (R²), with the assistance of SPSS version 27. The results indicate that, partially, brand image has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions of Mixue products among Business Administration students at Politeknik Negeri Medan. Viral marketing also shows a positive and significant partial effect on purchasing decisions. Simultaneously, both brand image and viral marketing have a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions. These findings highlight the importance of brand perception and digital marketing strategies in shaping consumer behavior, particularly among young generations who are actively engaged with social media platforms.

This study aims to analyze the socialization process of implementing a mobile application for English language learning among Information Systems students and to evaluate the effectiveness of the socialization. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method, collecting data through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The subjects consist of 30 students purposively selected based on their interest and readiness to participate in the socialization. The socialization process includes material delivery, application demonstration, and brief training. Results show an increase in students’ positive perceptions regarding the ease of use and benefits of the application in supporting English learning. Additionally, students’ learning interest significantly improved after the socialization. The effectiveness evaluation reveals that the delivered material is easy to understand, and the interactive methods successfully engage student enthusiasm. The usage of the mobile application among students notably increased, both in terms of downloads and routine usage frequency. However, some challenges remain related to motivation for consistent application use, which should be addressed in future development and socialization efforts. This study recommends enhancing technical support and motivation strategies to encourage sustainable adoption. Thus, implementing mobile applications in English learning can be an effective alternative to improve learning quality in the digital era.

This study aims to explore the positive perceptions of Office Management grade X students regarding the use of the Instagram account @osissmksandikta in efforts to enhance the image of SMK Sandikta. The background of this research is based on the importance of social media as a means of public communication in the digital era, particularly in building the reputation of educational institutions among the younger generation. The OSIS Instagram account is viewed as the school’s representation in delivering information, promoting activities, and creating emotional engagement between the student organization and both internal and external audiences. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques included in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation to obtain comprehensive findings. The informants consisted of one key informant, namely the OSIS advisor, and three main informants who were Office Management grade X students. Informants were selected purposively, considering their direct involvement with the OSIS Instagram account. The findings reveal that the @osissmksandikta Instagram account is perceived as effective in building a positive school image through the presentation of engaging visual content, a communication style suited to student characteristics, and the provision of relevant, easily accessible information. The account also fosters a sense of involvement and pride since its management is carried out alternately by OSIS members, thereby strengthening collective ownership. Furthermore, active student participation in responding to content reinforces the relationship between the school and its students. The study concludes that the use of Instagram can serve as an effective medium for enhancing a school’s positive image if managed consistently, interactively, and in alignment with the needs and preferences of the target audience. This finding is expected to contribute to the development of school communication strategies through social media.

This study aims to analyze students’ perceptions of foreign language learning and its impact on their readiness to enter the international job market. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method, collecting data through questionnaires distributed to 100 students from various study programs across multiple faculties. The study explored students’ experiences in learning foreign languages, including perceived challenges, motivations, and the effectiveness of teaching strategies applied in the classroom. The findings indicate that foreign language proficiency has a positive correlation with students’ confidence levels, especially when facing cross-border professional challenges, international collaboration, and communication with global stakeholders. Students reported that while foreign language learning at the university is generally effective, there are areas for improvement, particularly regarding the integration of real-world contexts, industry-specific vocabulary, and interactive practice opportunities. Furthermore, the study revealed that students value opportunities for cultural exposure, international internships, and collaboration with foreign peers as part of their learning experience. Based on these findings, universities are recommended to adopt strategies such as curriculum integration, practice-based teaching methods, interdisciplinary projects, and strengthening international partnerships to better prepare students for global employment. The study concludes that foreign language mastery is not only a linguistic skill but also an essential social, cultural, and professional capital that enhances graduates’ competitiveness in the global job market. Ultimately, developing comprehensive language skills, combined with intercultural competence, will equip students with the adaptability, confidence, and communication abilities required to thrive in diverse international work environments.

The footwear industry has experienced significant growth, particularly in the fashion segment, where shoes are no longer considered solely as functional items but also as lifestyle products that reflect personal identity and social expression. Among various global brands, Dr. Martens has become one of the premium footwear products with a distinctive image and loyal consumer base. This study aims to examine the influence of Product Quality, Brand Image, and Brand Awareness on Purchasing Decisions of Dr. Martens shoes in Jakarta. The research employed a quantitative method with non-probability sampling, using the accidental sampling technique. The population consisted of consumers who had purchased Dr. Martens shoes, and a total of 100 respondents were collected through questionnaires distributed among university students. The instrument used was a Likert scale questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 22. The findings show that Product Quality and Brand Awareness have a positive and significant influence on Purchasing Decisions, while Brand Image does not show a significant effect. These results indicate that consumers are more influenced by tangible product attributes and the level of brand recognition than by brand perception alone. This highlights the importance for premium footwear companies to maintain consistent product quality and strengthen brand awareness strategies, especially through digital marketing channels, to influence purchase behavior. The study contributes to the literature on consumer behavior and provides practical insights for fashion industry players to formulate effective marketing strategies in a competitive market.

The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which parental democratic parenting style is related to students’ level of self-efficacy in completing their undergraduate thesis. Self-efficacy, or an individual’s belief in their ability to achieve specific goals, plays a crucial role in determining academic success, particularly in the thesis writing process. This research employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The study involved a total of 141 student respondents, selected using a simple random sampling technique to ensure representativeness. The research instrument consisted of questionnaires designed to measure students’ perceptions of their parents’ parenting style and their self-efficacy levels regarding thesis completion. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank correlation test to identify the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The results revealed that most respondents perceived their parents’ democratic parenting style as high, with 27 respondents (19.1%) categorized in this group. In addition, students’ self-efficacy levels were found to be predominantly high, with 132 respondents (93.6%). Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between democratic parenting style and students’ self-efficacy in thesis completion, with a p-value of 0.001 (<0.05). The correlation coefficient was 0.289, indicating a moderate relationship. These findings suggest that democratic parenting, characterized by warmth, support, and open communication, plays an important role in shaping students’ confidence and belief in their ability to successfully complete academic tasks, particularly their undergraduate thesis. Thus, the study highlights the contribution of family environment as a supportive factor in enhancing students’ academic resilience and achievement.

This study aims to determine the level of body dissatisfaction among individuals experiencing food addiction. Food addiction is characterized by impulsive and uncontrolled eating behavior, particularly toward high-fat and high-sugar foods, accompanied by physical and psychological dependence. This condition increases the risk of weight gain and negatively impacts body image, especially among female college students who are vulnerable to social pressure and ideal beauty standards. The research employed a descriptive quantitative approach with incidental sampling techniques. Participants consisted of six female students from the Psychology and Primary School Teacher Education (PGSD) programs at Universitas Negeri Padang, selected based on the food addiction criteria outlined in the DSM-5. The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-16A) was used to measure body dissatisfaction levels. Data were analyzed using percentage distribution to provide a general overview of body dissatisfaction among the research subjects. The results showed that 66.66% of participants experienced high to very high levels of body dissatisfaction. This indicates a positive relationship between food addiction and body dissatisfaction. Students with food addiction tend to have negative perceptions of their body shape, influenced by social pressures, media exposure, and prevailing beauty ideals in society. These findings highlight the need for appropriate psychological interventions and education about healthy eating habits and self-acceptance in university environments. Through a comprehensive approach, it is hoped that students can develop a more positive body image and avoid eating disorders that may harm their physical and mental health. Additionally, this study can serve as a basis for developing mental health promotion programs and eating disorder prevention efforts among university students.

Teachers are required to adopt a wise and thoughtful approach in teaching, since their perception of students will influence their attitudes and actions. Not all teachers assess students in the same way, and this affects the methods they apply in the classroom. To achieve optimal learning outcomes, teachers must take on new roles as facilitators, mediators, learning partners, and evaluators. This means creating a democratic and dialogical learning atmosphere between teachers and students, as well as among students themselves. One effective way is by applying the PAIKEM learning model (Active, Innovative, Creative, Effective, and Enjoyable). This study aims to: (1) Describe the implementation of the PAIKEM model in Islamic Religious Education for Grade VII at Darul Ishlah Junior High School. (2) Describe the obstacles encountered in applying this model. The research uses a qualitative approach with interviews, observation, and documentation as data collection techniques. Data analysis was conducted through reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the PAIKEM model has been implemented well, through discussions, opportunities for students to express opinions, group assignments, interactive communication, motivation, use of media such as videos, and enjoyable memorization. However, challenges include limited learning media, teachers’ creativity that is not yet optimal, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, and low student motivation.

Student interest in becoming a teacher remains a major challenge in preparing prospective professional teachers, especially amidst increasingly complex changes and demands in education. This study aims to analyze the influence of the School Field Introduction (PLP) experience and perceptions of the Teacher Professional Education (PPG) program on student interest in becoming a teacher. This study used a quantitative approach with a multiple linear regression method. The population in this study were all students of the Economics Education Study Program at Surabaya State University, intake 2020–2022, with a sample of 150 students selected purposively. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire instrument distributed online via Google Form. The collected data were analyzed using multiple linear regression tests to examine the partial and simultaneous effects of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The results of the analysis indicate that partially, the PLP experience does not have a significant effect on interest in becoming a teacher. Conversely, student perceptions of the PPG program show a positive and significant effect on interest in becoming a teacher. Simultaneously, the PLP experience and PPG perceptions significantly influence student interest in becoming a teacher. These findings indicate that perceptions of PPG have a more dominant contribution in shaping interest in becoming a teacher than PLP experience. Therefore, it is crucial for educational institutions to improve the understanding and quality of PPG program implementation to encourage students' interest in pursuing a career as teachers. This research provides practical implications for curriculum designers and teacher education program managers to place greater emphasis on students' perceptions and readiness for PPG in order to produce professional and highly motivated teachers.

Ensuring the delivery of high-quality public services within educational institutions is a critical factor for sustaining student satisfaction, institutional reputation, and overall organizational credibility. Service quality in higher education is often multidimensional and subjective, making its evaluation a challenging process. To address this complexity, the present study integrates the traditional Servqual model with fuzzy logic in order to handle the uncertainty and vagueness associated with human perceptions. The Servqual framework emphasizes five core dimensions of service quality, namely tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy, which together provide a comprehensive understanding of institutional service performance. The research was conducted at ITESA Muhammadiyah Semarang, where data collection was carried out through structured questionnaires designed to measure both student expectations and actual perceptions regarding institutional services. In order to capture the imprecise nature of these responses, three types of fuzzy numbers—triangular, trapezoidal, and shoulder fuzzy numbers—were applied to convert the linguistic assessments into measurable values. Subsequently, fuzzy gap analysis was performed to evaluate the discrepancy between expectations and perceptions across the five Servqual dimensions. The results of this analysis highlight that the integration of fuzzy logic into the Servqual model provides a more nuanced and flexible framework for assessing service quality compared to the conventional approach. It reduces the ambiguity in interpreting survey responses, thereby yielding more reliable insights into areas where service performance falls short of expectations. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that each dimension contributes differently to overall satisfaction, with responsiveness and assurance emerging as critical aspects requiring attention. In conclusion, the fuzzy-based Servqual model offers a robust methodological advancement in evaluating service quality within educational settings. The findings not only inform institutional leaders about current performance gaps but also provide actionable insights for continuous quality enhancement, policy formulation, and strategic decision-making to strengthen institutional competitiveness and credibility.

This article examines the crucial role of spatial communication, particularly through signage systems, in the effective implementation of functional zoning in academic libraries. Using a comparative case study method at the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) and Telkom University Libraries, this research analyzes how different visual communication strategies influence students' perceptions, behaviors, and sense of place formation.The findings indicate that the explicit and strategic visual communication approach at Telkom University successfully creates high spatial legibility and strengthens collective place identity. In contrast, the weak and ambiguous visual communication at the ITB Library causes users to rely more on personal habits, intuition, or previous experiences in accessing and utilizing the space. This not only hinders the formation of a coherent sense of place but also creates confusion that potentially degrades the quality of the user experience. The mismatch between spatial functions and user expectations leads to inefficiencies in facility utilization and disrupts user comfort within zones that should have clear functional boundaries, such as quiet zones, collaborative zones, and discussion zones. Furthermore, this article highlights the importance of integrating graphic design and architecture in creating a cohesive spatial experience. A consistently designed, informative, and aesthetically pleasing signage system not only enhances users' spatial orientation but also becomes a crucial element in shaping perceptions of the institution's character.