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The interactive learning video innovation "Human Blood Circulation" through Edpuzzle, with embedded questions, is designed to address the difficulties faced by fifth-grade elementary school students in understanding abstract biological concepts. Science education in elementary schools often encounters challenges in explaining invisible processes, such as the heart's working mechanism and blood circulation, leading students to struggle with comprehension or merely memorize the material. Conventional learning videos tend to make students passive, necessitating media that can transform the learning process into an active one. Edpuzzle, as an educational platform, allows teachers to insert questions at critical points in the video, requiring students to answer before continuing to watch. This innovation aligns with the cognitive development stage of fifth-grade students, who are in the concrete operational stage.The research objectives include product development, validity and feasibility testing, analysis of conceptual understanding improvement, influence on focus and learning independence, and student responses. Media development refers to Mayer's cognitive theory of multimedia and the characteristics of interactive videos according to Heinich et al. Additionally, media development models such as ADDIE and Dick and Carey are discussed. The main benefits of using Edpuzzle include increasing engagement, facilitating real-time formative assessment, and enhancing learning motivation. However, challenges exist such as technology access, teacher readiness, the risk of technology dependency, and long-term evaluation. The practical implications can support digital learning and the transformation of elementary science education.

Anxiety is a prevalent mental health issue that affects psychological well-being and daily functioning. In Muslim communities, Islamic spiritual practices are commonly used as coping strategies, yet empirical evidence regarding their effectiveness in reducing anxiety has not been systematically consolidated. This study aimed to synthesize scientific evidence on Islamic spiritual interventions for anxiety reduction. A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines by searching Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Elsevier. Observational studies published between 2019 and 2026 that examined Islamic spiritual interventions and reported anxiety outcomes were included and analyzed narratively. Ten eligible articles were identified. The review demonstrates that Islamic spiritual interventions, such as dhikr, prayer, Qur’an recitation, and Islamic spiritual counseling, are consistently associated with reductions in anxiety across diverse populations and settings. Although the magnitude of effects varied, the overall findings indicate a beneficial role of Islamic spiritual practices in anxiety management. These results suggest that Islamic spiritual interventions may be integrated as complementary approaches within mental health and public health services for Muslim populations, while further methodologically rigorous studies are required to strengthen the evidence base.

Hypertension, a global health issue, is increasingly prevalent and significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality. It often coexists with obesity, a key risk factor for hypertension and vascular complications. The combination of hypertension and obesity leads to metabolic changes, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress that damage retinal blood vessels, directly affecting visual acuity. This literature review examines the relationship between hypertension, obesity, and visual acuity, analyzing 20 articles published between 2021 and 2025, sourced from PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The study found a significant association between hypertension and obesity with decreased visual acuity. Obesity not only serves as a comorbidity but also as a mediator, worsening hypertension's effects through mechanisms like insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. Longitudinal studies indicate that visual impairment is progressive, while cross-sectional studies highlight its high prevalence in hypertensive obese populations. The review emphasizes the need for routine eye exams, blood pressure control, and weight management as preventive measures. In conclusion, hypertension and obesity together significantly increase the risk of visual impairment, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach to care and promoting preventive strategies to preserve eye health and enhance patients' quality of life.

Clean water quality is an important factor in supporting public health. In Kaliwader Village, Bener District, Purworejo Regency, drilled well water is used as the main source of clean water, however, based on initial testing, discrepancies were still found in several water quality parameters, particularly turbidity. The Community Service Lecture (KPM) activity of the Al-Qur'an Science University (UNSIQ) aims to improve the quality of drilled well water through the implementation of a water filtration system combined with a venturi aerator and providing education to the community about clean water management. The method used is a descriptive method with an observational approach, including water sampling, laboratory testing at the Regional Health Laboratory UPT, and the implementation of a Malang sand-based filtration unit with venturi aeration. The test results showed that the water turbidity level before treatment reached 8 NTU, exceeding the established quality standards. After the implementation of the filtration system and venturi aerator, the physical quality of the water improved, marked by a decrease in turbidity and an increase in water clarity. Chemical and microbiological parameters were generally within safe limits according to the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2023. This activity demonstrated that the application of simple technology by UNSIQ KPM students can play an effective role in improving the quality of drilled well water and supporting the provision of more adequate clean water for the people of Kaliwader Village.

This study aims to analyze the influence of port infrastructure, logistics connectivity, and fleet capacity on the performance of sea tolls in Indonesia. The approach used in this literature review study is descriptive qualitative. The data collection technique used is a literature study or review of relevant previous articles published between 2021 and 2026. The technique used in this literature review is comparative analysis. The data used in this descriptive qualitative approach came from previous studies relevant to this study and sourced from academic online media such as Thomson Reuters Journal, Springer, Taylor & Francis, Scopus Q2-Q4 Emerald, Elsevier, Sage, Web of Science, Sinta 2-5 Journal, DOAJ, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Copernicus, and digital reference books. The results of the study show that: 1) Port infrastructure affects sea toll performance; 2) Logistics connectivity affects sea toll performance; 3) Fleet capacity affects sea toll performance.

Bulay Village has an entrepreneurial spirit, with the idea of creating, developing, and managing new businesses and exploiting its papaya production potential. This innovation involves processing papaya chips (kreeyaa), which is expected to increase income. The goal of the PKM is to improve the community's economy by providing training and guidance on processing papaya into marketable products, motivating the community to generate creative ideas using existing resources, and establishing papaya chips businesses. The method used is partisipatory Action Research, an approach based on the assets, strengths, and potential of the community. Entrepreneurship mentoring seminars and training on making papaya chips (kreeyaa) in Bulay Village are expected to create jobs, develop community skills, and increase income by leveraging potential assets.

Objective: Autoimmune diseases are complex disorders that arise when the immune system loses tolerance to self-antigens, leading to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. To understand disease pathogenesis and to evaluate therapeutic efficacy, animal models are widely used in autoimmune research. This review aims to analyze various types of animal models employed in studies of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and multiple sclerosis (MS), with a particular focus on reproducibility and clinical applicability. Methods: This study was conducted through the selection and analysis of scientific literature published over the last ten years (2015–2025), using specific keywords including “clinical application,” “autoimmunity,” “animal models,” “humanized mice,” “lupus,” “rheumatoid arthritis,” “reproducibility,” and “translational research.” Literature searches were performed in major databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Results: Spontaneous models, such as NOD and MRL/lpr mice, exhibit close resemblance to human disease pathogenesis but are influenced by strain variability and environmental factors. Induced models, including collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), allow greater control over disease onset but do not fully capture the clinical complexity observed in humans. Humanized models demonstrate high translational relevance; however, their use is constrained by high costs and technical limitations. Conclusion: No single animal model is universally ideal for studying autoimmune diseases. Model selection should be based on biological relevance, reproducibility of outcomes, and the potential for clinical translation in autoimmune disease research.

Science learning in elementary schools, especially regarding the material on changes in the state of matter, requires media that can present concepts in a concrete and interesting way so So that it is easy for students to understand. This research aims to develop a science learning medium about changes in the states of matter through BrainPOP animated videos equipped with interactive questions for fourth-grade elementary school students, and to evaluate the level of feasibility and studentThis research focuses on students’ feedback toward the developed learning media. It adopts a The research and development (R&D) methodology based on the ADDIE model includes steps such as needs analysis, instructional design, product development, implementation, and evaluation. The students involved in the research were in fourth grade  elementary school students, fourth-grade teachers, and validators from material experts and media experts. The process of data collection involved multiple methods such as direct observation, in-depth interviews, and the distribution of questionnaires obtained were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive techniques. The results of the study indicate that the developed learning media is classified as very feasible based on validation provided by material experts and media experts. In addition, the results of limited trials indicate that students gave a very positive response to the use of these learning media. Therefore, science learning media based on BrainPOP animated videos and interactive questions can be considered a feasible alternative to increase the interest and understanding of fourth-grade elementary school students.

The Integration of technology in the education sector is a crucial strategy for addressing the challenges of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. This study aims to develop and examine the effectiveness of "Physical Changes of the Earth’s Environment" learning media by utilizing the interactive features of the ClassPoint platform and Edpuzzle videos in 5th-grade elementary school. The method employed is library research with a qualitative-descriptive approach, conducted through content analysis of various relevant scientific literatures from the last five years. The research findings indicate that the synergy between ClassPoint and Edpuzzle is capable of transforming abstract science materials into more concrete and engaging content for students. ClassPoint plays a role in creating a participatory digital classroom through various real-time interaction formats, while Edpuzzle reorients video-viewing activities into an active learning process through embedded question features that stimulate critical thinking. Overall, the use of these interactive media has positive implications for the escalation of active participation, concentration, and the depth of students' conceptual understanding. This study concludes that the development of ClassPoint and Edpuzzle-based learning innovations is an effective and relevant strategic step in improving the quality standards of science education in elementary schools.

The digital transformation of public service delivery has become a central agenda in contemporary public administration, positioning local governments as critical actors in translating national digital strategies into tangible, citizen-facing outcomes. Despite rapid diffusion of digital platforms and e-government initiatives, substantial variation persists in the performance, inclusiveness, and sustainability of digital public services across local contexts. This variation points to persistent challenges related to administrative capacity constraints within local governments and uneven levels of citizen readiness to access and use digital services. Addressing these challenges, this article presents a comprehensive literature review that aims to (1) map the conceptual evolution of digital public service delivery in local governments, (2) synthesize empirical findings on the roles of administrative capacity and citizen readiness, and (3) identify key theoretical and empirical gaps in the existing scholarship. Methodologically, the study adopts a systematic literature review approach, drawing on peer-reviewed journal articles published in the last five years and indexed in major academic databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, DOAJ, and Google Scholar. The selected literature is analyzed using thematic synthesis, guided by an integrated theoretical framework combining Digital Government Theory and Digital Era Governance as overarching transformation lenses, Administrative Capacity and Capacity Building Theory and Competency-Based Human Resource Management to explain organizational and human resource determinants, Digital Divide Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model to capture citizen-side readiness and adoption dynamics, and Policy Implementation Theory to account for institutional and regulatory mediation. The synthesis reveals several dominant patterns: digital service performance is strongly conditioned by leadership, coordination, information capacity, and workforce competencies; citizen uptake is shaped not only by access and skills but also by perceived usefulness, ease of use, and trust; and policy design and implementation processes mediate the interaction between supply-side capacity and demand-side readiness. Importantly, the review shows that these factors are mutually constitutive rather than independent, challenging linear and technology-centric models of digital transformation. The article concludes by advancing an integrative conceptual understanding of local digital public service delivery and by outlining theoretical implications for digital public administration research as well as practical policy recommendations for designing inclusive, capacity-sensitive, and sustainable digital public services at the local level.

Punggelan State Junior High School 3, Banjarnegara, as one of the schools at the elementary education level, will empower its students through the use of the school environment for agricultural activities. Efforts to introduce agricultural activities are carried out through P5 (Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila / Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project) on the theme of sustainable lifestyles. The theoretical session was held in the hall of Punggelan State Junior High School 3. The practical session was held in the garden area of Punggelan State Junior High School 3. The participants were also assisted by three students from the Agroindustry Study Program at the Banjarnegara Polytechnic. The stages of the activity consisted of a theoretical session in the hall, practical sessions on making planting media, making organic fertilizer, making yellow traps, sowing mustard seeds, and maintaining the mustard plants. Participants who had completed the practical activities were given the responsibility of maintaining their plants until harvest. The participants came from several villages in Punggelan Subdistrict, including Danakerta, Klapa, Tribuana, and Sambong. These four villages are agricultural centers. Most of the residents in these areas have yards that are used for agricultural activities. The students already have basic agricultural skills for vegetable cultivation. The participants' background in agriculture-based areas will facilitate student empowerment activities in school management towards achieving adiwiyata status. The empowerment of students at Punggelan State Junior High School 3through training in organic fertilizer production showed an increase in participants' knowledge of science in the field of anaerobic technology in organic fertilizer production. Participants also acquired the skill of being able to make organic fertilizer from leaves or grass and livestock manure. Participants were able to apply organic fertilizer as a seedling medium and a medium for growing mustard greens.

The implementation of Electronic-Based Government Systems (Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik/SPBE) represents a strategic instrument of public administration reform aimed at improving service quality, efficiency, and governance through digital transformation. However, empirical evidence across countries indicates that the effectiveness of digital government initiatives is frequently constrained by persistent competency gaps among public sector personnel. This study conducts a thematic literature review to systematically identify, classify, and synthesize scholarly findings on competency gaps affecting SPBE and digital government implementation within the field of public administration. Drawing on peer-reviewed international literature published over the last decade and indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, and DOAJ, the review applies a narrative–synthetic approach supported by thematic analysis. The findings reveal four dominant dimensions of competency gaps: technical–digital competencies, managerial and digital leadership competencies, cross-sectoral collaborative competencies, and adaptive learning competencies. These gaps are shaped by interacting individual, organizational, and systemic factors, including misaligned human resource management practices, fragmented bureaucratic structures, and limited capacity-building mechanisms. Using Competency-Based Human Resource Management (CBHRM) as the primary analytical lens, and reinforced by Digital Government Theory, Digital Era Governance, and Capacity Building Theory, this study demonstrates that competency gaps are structural rather than merely individual deficiencies. The article contributes theoretically by integrating human resource and digital governance perspectives into a unified analytical framework, and practically by offering policy-relevant insights for strengthening public sector capacity and enhancing the sustainability of SPBE implementation.

Leadership training has become a key instrument in public sector reform, driven by expectations that public managers act as strategic leaders to improve organizational performance and public service delivery. However, despite substantial investments, public administration research consistently highlights a gap between leadership training participation and tangible service improvements, particularly in resource-constrained local governments. Existing studies often examine leadership training effectiveness, training transfer, organizational change, and administrative capacity separately, resulting in limited integration across these interconnected processes. This fragmentation restricts understanding of how leadership competencies gained through training are transferred into practice, institutionalized through post-training change initiatives (Aksi Perubahan), and translated into sustainable administrative capacity and service outcomes. To address this gap, this integrative literature review synthesizes and critically analyzes peer-reviewed research on public sector leadership training, focusing on training transfer mechanisms, action-based change initiatives, and administrative capacity development in local governments, using the Tambrauw Regency Government as an illustrative context. The review draws on articles indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar published between 2016 and 2025, selected based on public sector relevance and theoretical rigor. Using thematic synthesis and conceptual mapping, the findings show that leadership training contributes to service improvement only when supported by a conducive transfer climate, strong organizational commitment, and structured change projects. These change initiatives mediate the transformation of individual competencies into organizational routines, while administrative capacity determines the sustainability of outcomes. The study contributes to administrative capacity theory and provides practical insights for designing effective leadership training policies in peripheral local government contexts.

Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK) merupakan penyakit progresif yang ditandai oleh hambatan aliran udara yang tidak sepenuhnya reversibel, serta memiliki tingkat kepatuhan pengobatan yang rendah. Salah satu strategi yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan adalah melalui konseling oleh apoteker. Tujuan dari tinjauan literatur ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh konseling apoteker terhadap tingkat kepatuhan pengobatan pada pasien PPOK. Pencarian data dilakukan melalui beberapa basis data, yaitu Google Scholar, Springer, ScienceDirect, dan PubMed dengan topik yang relevan. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa konseling apoteker secara signifikan meningkatkan pemahaman pasien mengenai penyakit PPOK, manajemen eksaserbasi, dan teknik penggunaan inhaler yang benar. Selain itu, konseling juga berperan dalam mengurangi kecemasan, meningkatkan kepercayaan diri, efikasi diri, dan pengelolaan terapi yang lebih baik. Dengan demikian, implementasi konseling apoteker dalam praktik klinis sangat dianjurkan sebagai upaya meningkatkan kepatuhan pengobatan dan memperbaiki kualitas hidup pasien PPOK.

The development of information technology requires innovative learning media to improve the quality of instruction in elementary schools. One technology-based learning medium that can be utilized is Kahoot as an interactive quiz. This study aims to describe the implementation of Kahoot in science learning on the topic of plant structure and functions and its effects on students’ conceptual understanding, learning activeness, and motivation in fourth-grade elementary school students. This research employed a descriptive approach with data collection techniques including observation, learning outcome tests, and documentation. The results indicate that the use of Kahoot creates a more interactive and engaging learning environment, increases students’ active participation, and enhances their understanding of plant structure and function concepts. In addition, Kahoot is effective as an evaluation tool because it provides immediate feedback and presents learning outcomes quickly and systematically. However, the use of Kahoot also has limitations, particularly its dependence on the availability of digital devices and stable internet access. Therefore, Kahoot can be used as an innovative alternative learning medium, provided that school conditions are considered and it is combined with other learning methods to optimize science learning.

This community service program aims to increase student interest and recruitment in the Physical Education and Sports Science Study Program at Mulawarman University in Berau Regency, East Kalimantan. The main problem faced is the low interest of high school students in continuing their studies in physical education and sports science due to limited information regarding study programs, university admission pathways, and career prospects for graduates. The implementation methods included direct academic outreach in schools, career education workshops, sports teaching clinics, and a digital campaign through social media. Evaluation was conducted using pre- and post-test interest questionnaires, teacher interviews, and recording the number of new student applicants. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in student understanding and interest in continuing their studies, as well as an increase in the number of new student applicants from the target schools. These findings indicate that the combination of direct academic promotion and digital campaigns is effective in increasing new student recruitment. The program also succeeded in establishing partnerships between universities and schools as a sustainable measure. This community service activity is recommended for replication in other regions to support equitable access to higher education in physical education and sports science.

This study examines the stigma and patterns of social support in adolescents with unplanned pregnancies in Makassar in the context of the Bugis-Makassar culture that upholds the values of siri' (honor and shame). Teen pregnancy is understood as an experience influenced by the confluence of traditional values, religious morality, and modern social demands. This study used an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach on 17 adolescent girls aged 15–19 years who experienced unplanned pregnancies in June–November 2023. Data were obtained through in-depth semi-structured interviews, recorded, verbatim transcribed, and analyzed using a six-stage science process with a focus on the experience of stigma and social support. Two main themes emerged: Living Under the Shadow of Siri': Multidimensional Stigma and Navigating Social Support in the Context of Shame. Participants experienced widespread stigma in a variety of contexts, including family (serial violations and family shame), society (moral judgments and gossip), health services (discrimination of health workers), and educational environments (bullying and exclusion). Stigma is also internalized in the form of guilt and negative identity, and is especially severe in adolescents with economic limitations. Efforts to seek support are often hampered by concerns about stigma, so adolescents engage in selective disclosure and rely more on peers. Grandma is often the most accepting source of family support. These findings underscore the need for multilevel interventions that reduce community stigma, strengthen friendly and confidential health services, and develop culturally sensitive peer support networks.

This study analyzes the comparison of the Trapezoidal, Simpson 1/3, and Simpson 3/8 to approximate numerical integration using Microsoft Excel, with the variation of the interval . The test function is  on the interval . Because it is smooth and lacks an elementary antiderivative, the results indicate that the Simpson Method outperforms the Trapezoidal method in accuracy. The Trapezoidal method yields absolute errors on the order of  to , while Simpson 1/3 and 3/8 achieve  to , with Simpson 1/3 performing best across all . These findings confirm the higher convergence order of Simpson methods ) vs . Excel implementation proves effective as an accessible learning tool for numerical methods, supporting integral computation in higher education. This research contributes to simplifying computational approaches for engineering applications and education, and opens up opportunities for more effective implementation of numerical methods in practical teaching. The results of this research are expected to enrich understanding of numerical applications in engineering and science.

This study aims to examine the effect of the board of directors, audit committee, and public accounting firm size on corporate financial performance. The population consists of manufacturing companies in the food and beverage sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and not delisted during the 2019–2023 period. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, resulting in 33 companies selected as research samples. This research employs a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from company financial reports published by the Indonesia Stock Exchange and official corporate websites. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version 25, applying multiple linear regression analysis to examine the relationships among the research variables. The results indicate that the board of directors and audit committee do not have a significant effect on financial performance. In contrast, the size of the public accounting firm has a positive effect on financial performance. These findings suggest that the quality and reputation of external auditors play an important role in enhancing corporate financial performance.  

Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi telah mendorong transformasi pelayanan kesehatan, termasuk di bidang kefarmasian. Salah satu inovasi yang berkembang adalah telefarmasi, yaitu pelayanan kefarmasian jarak jauh yang memanfaatkan teknologi digital untuk menjembatani interaksi antara apoteker dan pasien. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji persepsi apoteker terhadap implementasi telefarmasi melalui pendekatan tinjauan literatur. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan literatur sistematis terhadap 10 artikel yang diperoleh dari basis data ilmiah seperti PubMed, Google Scholar, dan ScienceDirect dalam lima tahun terakhir. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas apoteker memiliki persepsi positif terhadap telefarmasi, terutama dalam aspek efisiensi waktu dan biaya, peningkatan akses dan kepatuhan pasien, serta solusi atas kekurangan tenaga apoteker. Namun, ditemukan pula persepsi negatif seperti beban kerja yang meningkat, risiko kesalahan akibat keterbatasan kontak fisik, dan kendala teknis. Temuan ini menegaskan perlunya dukungan infrastruktur, pelatihan tenaga kesehatan, serta literasi digital pasien untuk memastikan keberhasilan implementasi telefarmasi secara berkelanjutan.