Publication Search

80,260 articles from 776 journals · 2,111 citations tracked

Showing 121-140 of 160

Analytics

Nency Ayu Lianawati

Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hukum 2024 Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Technological advances in all fields always have an impact on society in a nation. Likewise for the Indonesian people. One of the population problems facing the Indonesian nation today is the social behavior of the younger generation, which today is very free. In fact, they will be the next generation of the nation's ideals. This research method was carried out using a statute approach and a conceptual approach containing descriptions of theories, findings and other research materials obtained from reference materials to serve as a basis for research activities. This approach is also known as the literature approach, the judge's consideration in imposing a crime on abortion committed by the defendant is based on the legal basis used by the judge, namely Article 77 A of the Republic of Indonesia Law No. 35 of 2014 concerning the stipulation of government regulations in lieu of Law No. 1 of 2016 concerning the second amendment to Republic of Indonesia Law no. 23 of 2002 concerning child protection became law in conjunction with Article 55 Paragraph 1 to 1 of the Criminal Code. The Panel of Judges in deciding this case looked at the facts at trial and declared the Defendant legally and convincingly guilty of committing a criminal act "participating in committing an act with intentionally carrying out an abortion on a child who is still in the womb for reasons and procedures that are not justified by the provisions of the laws and regulations, based on the judge's considerations, namely the public prosecutor's indictment, witness statements, defendant's statements, evidence, and articles in criminal law regulations. , as well as positive legal considerations, namely the reasons why the defendant committed the act and the consequences of the defendant's actions.

Wulan Atika Sari; Ida Ayu Nyoman Saskara; Made Kembar Sri Budhi; Ni Putu Martini Dewi

International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

Contraceptive methods are effective methods for delaying and spacing pregnancies and stopping fertility. Decision making in choosing a contraceptive device needs to consider the fertility needs and health conditions of the prospective contraceptive user. This research aims to: 1) To analyze the simultaneous influence of education level, income, husband's support, and the role of family planning officers on the decisions of couples of childbearing age (CCA) in choosing contraception in West Denpasar District. 2) To analyze the partial influence of education level, income, husband's support, and the role of family planning officers on the decisions of couples of childbearing age (CCA) in choosing contraception in West Denpasar District. This data uses primary data with a quantitative approach obtained from interviews and a combination of secondary data. The population of this study was 18,236 thousand people using 100 samples from this population. Data analysis techniques use descriptive statistical analysis, binary logistic analysis, model fit test, multiple linear analysis. These results show that: 1) education, income, husband's support, and the role of family planning officers simultaneously influence the decision to choose contraception in West Denpasar District. 2) education partially has a positive effect on the decision to choose contraception in West Denpasar District. 3) income partially has a positive effect on the decision to choose contraception in West Denpasar District. 4) husband's support partially has a positive effect on the decision to choose contraception in West Denpasar District. 5) the role of family planning officers partially has a positive influence on the decision to choose contraception in West Denpasar District.

Kadek Dwi Adi Mas Putrayana; Ida Bagus Nyoman Putra Dwija; Komang Vindya Triananda; I Gusti Ayu Nastiti Wahyu Handayani; Luh Putu Rinawati +1 more

Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Kedokteran 2024 Pusat riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Biofilms are surface-adhering communities of microorganisms that produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and can grow on any surface, including metal, plastic, glass, soil particles, stainless steel, wood, and biotic surface. biofilm infections lead to different disorders, for instance, diabetes mellitus, dental caries, medical implants and wound infections that significantly affect the quality of life, cancer development, and subsequently, increase the global morbidity rate.This study aims to summarize the recent evidence supporting the potentional of probiotic and natural ingridient as antibiofilm and antibacterial using a PRISMA-oriented (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses) statement. This review found significant aspects exemplified by the properties of probiotics and natural ingridients related to as antibiofilm and antibacterial for further indepth studies to make it into pilot scales.

I Gede Arsana Wijaya; Merylin Rafael Sitohang; I Gusti Ayu Agung Citra Santika Dewi; Ida Ayu Agung Diah Janawati; Desak Made Kutha Adhya Wagiiswari +1 more

Public Service And Governance Journal 2024 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang

This study was conducted to determine whether people are interested in buying a product after seeing a product advertisement promoted through the TikTok application and to determine the effectiveness of promoting a product through the TikTok application. In this study, the research method used is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The data collection method is a questionnaire (google form). Sampling is done by distributing questionnaire links with a target respondent of 200 people who on average use the TikTok application. The research variables in this research include marketing strategies, product purchasing power, and interest in buying products after seeing advertisements aired on the TikTok application. The results showed that TikTok application users consider product promotions carried out through the TikTok application to be more effective than product promotions in other applications.    

Wardana, Ketut Eka Larasati; Widiastini, Putu Monna Frisca; Wedayanti, I Dewa Ayu Putri

Jurnal Kesehatan Medika Udayana 2024 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Kesdam IX/Udayana

Background: Family planing program is the way to arrange age of pregnancy, range of pregnancy, number of children which the purpose is to make quality family. There are enhancement number of one month injection contraception acceptors in the world, Indonesia and also in Bali. Fertile age couples in Indonesia have many kinds of characteristics such as age, parity, level of education, occupation, and income. One month injection contraception acceptors in doctor Adi Wibowo came from six village which three of them Bali Aga village who have differences social-culture characteristics. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe characteristic of age, parity, level of education, occupation, and income one month injection contraception acceptors in doctor Adi Wibowo. Methods: This study is observational descriptive quantitative method. This study use total sampling model. This study was held in January 2022. This study was done by giving questionnaire of one month injection contraception characteristics. Results: Based on results, the most age characteristic is 20-35 year category (82%), the most parity characteristic is primipara category (46%), the most level of education characteristic is secondary education level (82%), the most occupation characteristic is jobless category (38%), and the most income characteristic is medium income level category (48%). Conclusion: Acceptors characteristic of one month injection contraception was dominated by group of  20-35 year, primipara, secondary educational level, jobless and medium income.

I Ketut Muada; I Putu Rispa Aditya Mardana; I Gusti Ayu Putu Astini

Jurnal Riset Ilmu Pendidikan, Bahasa dan Budaya 2024 Asosiasi Periset Bahasa Sastra Indonesia

This research aims to evaluate the impact of implementing the STAD Cooperative Model on the learning outcomes of 10th-grade Fashion students in the Cultural Arts subject for the academic year 2023/2024. The formulation of the problem is whether this model can enhance students' academic achievements. The research objectives include evaluating the learning outcomes of students through the application of this model and providing a comparative study for students planning further research. The theoretical benefits of this research lie in its contribution as a foundation for subsequent studies, enabling other researchers to enhance problem-solving abilities for students. Practically, this study is expected to make a positive contribution to schools, teachers, and students. For schools, it is anticipated to improve the quality of education, especially in teaching cultural arts to enhance the academic achievements of students. For teachers, this research can serve as a reference in developing cultural arts education and other learning processes. Additionally, this study provides insights for 10th-grade Fashion students at SMK Negeri 3 Denpasar to improve their learning outcomes in cultural arts. Through the evaluation of the impact of implementing the STAD Cooperative Model, this research can serve as a foundation for developing more effective teaching strategies, contributing to the enhancement of education quality at the vocational high school level.

I Wayan Sugama; Putu Dika Pratama; Dewa Ayu Dwita Respati

Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa dan Budaya 2024 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

The points of this inquire about is to extend the inspiration to memorize expressions and culture of understudies in lesson X AK 2 SMK Negeri 2 Denpasar, semester 1 scholarly year 2023/2024 with the usage of the Jigsaw learning strategy. The sort of this inquire about is Classroom Activity Investigate that was carried out in two cycles, and each cycle had four stages, to be specific, (1) arranging, (2) executing activities, (3) watching, and (4) reflecting. The investigate was carried out from October to November with understudies of lesson X AK 2 SMK Negeri 2 Denpasar as a investigate subject. In collecting information utilized perception method, appraisal of introductions, documentation, and writing. The information examination procedure approach utilized incorporates a subjective expressive investigation approach and quantitative investigation. This inquire about appears an increment within the normal esteem of expressions and culture learning results in course X AK 2 SMK Negeri 2 Denpasar from cycle I to cycle II. In cycle I appears that the students' normal esteem of expressions and culture was 77, the most noteworthy score was 90, the least score was 67, and the victory pointer was 69%. In cycle II the students' normal esteem was 87, the most elevated score was 93, the least score was 82, and the victory indicator was 100%. The increase in understudy learning results reflects the increment in students' inspiration to memorize expressions and culture.

Gusti Putu Agung Krisna Mahendra, I; Ketut Ayuningsasi, Anak Agung

Public Service And Governance Journal 2024 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang

The purpose of this study aims to analyze the influence of technology, capital, and labor on production in woodcarving handicraft SMEs in Gianyar Regency. To analyze the effect of technology, capital, labor, and production on the income of MSMEs in woodcarving crafts in Gianyar Regency. To analyze the indirect effect of technology, capital, and labor on income through production in woodcarving MSMEs in the approach used in this study is an associative quantitative approach. This research was conducted in Gianyar Regency with an analytical technique, namely path analysis. The results of this study are that technology and labor have a direct positive but not significant effect on the production of MSME woodcarving crafts in Gianyar Regency, while capital has a direct positive and significant effect on the production of MSME woodcarving crafts in Gianyar Regency. Technology directly has a positive but not significant effect on income, labor directly has a negative but not significant effect on income while capital and production have a direct positive and significant effect on the income of MSMEs in woodcarving crafts in Gianyar Regency. Technology, capital, and labor do not have a significant effect on income indirectly through the production of woodcarving handicraft SMEs in Gianyar Regency.

Daryaswanti, Putu Intan; Widayati, Kurniasih; Noviyanti, Ni Putu Ayu Wulan; Dewi, Ni Luh Made Asri; Febianingsih, Ni Putu Eka +2 more

Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Wahana Usada (WUJ) 2023 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan KESDAM IX/Udayana

Background: Many factors cause stunting, one of which is health problems for young women (mothers-to-be) who are about to become pregnant. In several studies, smoking behavior and exposure to cigarette smoke also have an impact on pregnancy and fetal disorders which result in stunted babies being born. Before becoming pregnant, young women must really prepare their health. This preparation can start when you reach puberty until you are ready to become a prospective bride. The female bride-to-be (catin) is a woman of childbearing age who was in a healthy condition before becoming pregnant so that she can give birth to a normal and healthy baby and the male prospective bride-to-be will be introduced to the reproductive health problems of herself and the partner she will marry. Purpose: The aim of this activity is to help cadres in recruiting catin. Method: This service activity uses counseling and discussion methods for 30 cadres of prospective brides and grooms consisting of the Traditional Village Council, Village Kelian, Village Perbekel, Village PLKB, Village TPPS, and Village Midwife Element TPK. Results: There was an increase in post test scores after being given the material. The mean pre-test score was 68 and rose to 70. There was agreement in selecting potential brides, especially Hindu brides. This flow will be disseminated to each village, and will be socialized at every meeting with teenagers. So that teenagers who will later get married go through this flow. Conclusion: The importance of health screening for prospective brides and grooms to prevent stunting in children in the future. The catin flow is a tool to make it easier to disseminate information about how prospective brides and grooms, especially Hindus, report to Kelian Desa about their wedding plans.

Widowati, I Gusti Ayu Rai; Manuaba, IA Ratih Wulansari; Sutema, IA Manik Partha; Putra, IGNA Windra Wartana; Suryaningsih, NP Aryati +3 more

Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Wahana Usada (WUJ) 2023 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan KESDAM IX/Udayana

Background: Osteoporosis is a common disease that needs to be treated by a health professional promptly. To address this issue, osteoporosis prevention exercise instructors were trained and certified as part of empowerment initiatives. Purpose: The aims of this program was to create competent, nationally certified instructors. Method: The Indonesian Healthy Bones Community Association (PERWATUSI), a non-profit organization whose objective is to ensure that Indonesians have healthy and strong bones, is responsible for carrying out this empowerment program. The event took place on July 19–20, 2023, in a hall at Bali International University. Results: A total of 59 instructors were selected from various sports communities and trained to provide the public on how to prevent early osteoporosis, conduct suitable exercise program, and emphasize safety training. Before the training started, candidates had to have the necessary educational background, professional qualifications, training in osteoporosis preventive activity, and a commitment to continuing learning. All of participants (100%) met the qualification. Conclusion: These instructors are crucial to the fight against osteoporosis. Those who have earned certification are anticipated to be committed to encouraging healthy lives and lowering the risk of bone fractures.

Yasa, I Dewa Putu Gede Putra; Rasdini, I Gusti Ayu Ari; Rahayu, V.M. Endang Sri Purwadmi

Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Wahana Usada (WUJ) 2023 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan KESDAM IX/Udayana

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus can affect all aspects of the patient's life so that it can be life threatening if not treated properly. The problems experienced by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients can be minimized by having sufficient knowledge and ability to control their disease with self-care. Self Care describes patient behavior carried out consciously and independently with the aim of optimizing and increasing independence in terms of health. Development of an empowerment program for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients through a cadre approach. Purpose: the aim of this activity is to increase cadres' ability to manage self-care for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Method: The method of community service activities is cadre empowerment. Activities were carried out in Sembung Village, Mengwi, Badung with 50 health cadres as partners. Result: The result of this activity is that there has been an increase in understanding by 60% and cadres have increased the ability of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients to carry out independent care. Conclusion: The conclusion is that health cadres are able to act as motivators and mentors in carrying out comprehensive self-care for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients.

Riana Mageles Lodia Panie; Putu Irma Wulandari; Triningsih Triningsih; Anak Agung Ayu Meidiary

Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan dan Gizi 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a cross-sectional imaging technique based on the principle of magnetic resonance of hydrogen atoms due to radio frequency (RF) signals with the same frequency as the precession frequency (lamor frequency). MRI at the beginning of its development used a semiconductor magnetic field with a power of 0.5-1.5 Tesla, but now MRI uses a superconductor magnetic field with a power of 1.5-3 Tesla. One of the advantages of brain MRI in epilepsy cases is that it can display clear information about the anatomy and pathology of the head in general in the temporal lobe area. The use of 3D sequences with isotropic voxels such as SPACE (Sampling Perfection With Application Optimized Contrasts With Varying Flip Angle Evolution) is very useful for generating images with high resolution, thinner cuts, and multi-level reconstruction can be performed in several fragments that allow the acquisition of 3D sequences at one time. Methods: The type used is descriptive qualitative research with a case study approach by conducting interviews with 2 radiology specialists, 1 neurology specialist and 3 radiographers related to MRI brain examinations with clinical epilepsy in August-September 2023 in the Radiology Unit of Prof. Dr. I. G. Ngoerah Denpasar Hospital. G. N. G. Ngoerah Denpasar. Results and Conclusion: This study used five (5) patient data who had clinical epilepsy. Based on the results of observations, interviews and documentation in the radiology unit of Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Denpasar Hospital, it can be seen that the procedure for examining MRI Brain with clinical epilepsy is that there is no special preparation, only filling out inform consent. The patient is positioned supine on the examination table with a head fixation device with a head first body position and hands beside the body. Radiographers put the patient into the gantry by setting the isocenter i n the middle of the glabella. After positioning the patient the radiographer sets the parameters using axial T2 Turbo Spin Echo (TSE), sagittal T2 Turbo Spin Echo (TSE), coronal T2 Turbo Spin Echo (TSE), axial T2 Turbo Spin Echo (TSE) dark fluit, axial T1 Turbo Spin Echo (TSE) axial Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) and Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI) and coronal T1 SPACE IR isotropic sequences.In addition, the role of coronal slice T1 SPACE sequences is to clearly see the presence of partical dystrophy, to see the thickening or irregularity of the cortex cerebri clearly. In addition, it is also to see the calcification of the temporal lobe and to measure the volume of the hippocampus.

Tiur Ayuningtias Pauliza Putri Lubis; Azhar Azhar; Syahrul Affan

Tabsyir: Jurnal Dakwah dan Sosial Humaniora 2023 STAI YPIQ BAUBAU, SULAWESI TENGGARA

Arranged marriage is a method of finding a husband/wife partner carried out by a third party, whether parents or others. In this research, it is a case of the influence that occurs as a result of a child being chosen by his parents as a mate which results in divorce. This case was determined by the Stabat Religious Court with case number 345/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Stb. There are two points that are the main focus of this issue, with the aim of finding out the influence of arranged marriages which can result in divorce and then the decision of the Stabat Religious Court regarding divorce due to arranged marriages. This study uses a qualitative method. Data analysis using descriptive methods This type of research is research using a normative legal approach method that examines literature studies, namely research on secondary data. Data collection techniques using interviews and documentation. The conclusion of this research is that the wife's petition for divorce was granted by the panel of judges at the Stabat Religious Court and charged all court costs to the Petitioner.  

Dewa Ayu Made Pramita Dewi; I Putu Eka Juliantara; I Putu Sugiartha

Jurnal Ventilator: Jurnal riset ilmu kesehatan dan Keperawatan 2023 Stikes Kesdam IV/Diponegoro Semarang, Indonesia

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) examination becomes tool diagnostic important in evaluation the soft tissue anatomy of the human body. MRI examination of the ankle joint role crucial in detect soft tissue impingement in the ankle joint. Fast Spoiled Gradient Echo (FSPGR) is an MRI method with high sensitivity in diagnose soft tissue problems in the ankle joint. Ankle joint MRI protocol at RSUD Dr. Moewardi uses several types of sequences with addition 3D sequences but not routinely. This study aims to examine the use of the 3D FSPGR oblique sequence in MRI ankle joint, while comparing it with the Sagittal T1 FSE and Sagittal FSE STIR sequences. This quantitative study involved 5 people to compare imaging 3D oblique FSPGR, sagittal T1 FSE and sagittal FSE STIR sequences. Analysis was carried out using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) test, Friedman test, and Kruskal Wallis test. The results study showed there is difference information MRI ankle joint anatomy with oblique 3D FSPGR, sagittal T1 FSE, and sagittal FSE STIR sequences (p-value = 0.000). Test Kruskal Wallis show sequence 3D FSPGR and sagittal T1 FSE produce imaging different on every type anatomy (p-value= 0.045; 0.020), whereas Sagittal FSE STIR sequence shows results No different significant (p-value= 0.065. 3D oblique sequence of FSPGR is proven effective show anatomy ankle joint and posterior talofibular ligament.

Putu Pande R. Aprilyani Dewi; Ni Putu Budiadnyani; I Gusti Agung Ayu Pramita Indraswari

JURNAL PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT AKADEMISI (JPMA), 2023 CV. ALIM'SPUBLISHING

The most frequently encountered non-organic waste issue is plastic bag waste which is widespread in society, even though plastic packaging is a material that is difficult to decompose or destroy. One simple activity that can be done to reduce plastic waste is to use paper bags. The process of making paper bags can use materials that are around us, such as waste paper. The activity carried out in community service is a socialization carried out in increasing the creative economic potential for the community in Bayung Gede Village, Kintamani District, Bangli Regency, Bali Province, in October 2022. From the community service activities that have been carried out in Bayung Gede Village, it can be concluded that participants who take part in the training can increase the selling value of products by using the skills they have and can increase the economic value in Bayung Gede Village.

Ida Ayu Kumara Devi; Putu Nomy Yasintha; I Putu Dharmanu Yudharta

Jurnal Akuntan Publik 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

The FishGo application is a navigation-based android application using remote sensing sensor technology that is processed with a certain algorithm so that it can provide information on potential fish areas and the best route for traditional fishermen to catch fish. The Patriot Tool (Detecting Fish Catching Areas Using the Internet of Things System) is a development of an application in the form of a fish finder tool to more accurately detect underwater fish biomass. The research objective is to determine the success of patriot service innovation through the FishGo application as an effort to improve the welfare of fishermen in Badung Regency. The research method is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and documentation. The research analysis uses the theory of innovation success factors put forward by Bugge, et al which consists of 6 indicators: Governance and innovation, Sources of ideas for innovation, Innovation culture, Capabilities and tools, Objective, outcomes, drivers and trouble, and Collecting innovation data for single innovation. The results of this study are that the implementation of innovation has achieved good results on the source of innovation ideas including internal and external, a culture of innovation by showing good changes to fishermen, cooperation in developing innovation and socialization activities that are intensively carried out to fishermen, the results felt by fishermen experience catch increase. However, innovation governance is still not optimal, there are no basic regulations such as regional regulations and SOPs governing innovation, Human Resources capabilities still need to be added to the fields of electronics, IT and mapping, goals that have not been fully achieved from those that have been set. and there are still external and internal obstacles in its implementation.

Kadek Kesya Dwiyani Putri; Putu Ayu Pramitha Purwanti

Public Service And Governance Journal 2023 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang

This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the influence of capital, labor, and training on the production value of the ready-made garment industry in Kota Denpasar, as well as the influence of capital, labor, training, and production value on the industry's income. The research sample consisted of 88 units of ready-made garment industry businesses in Kota Denpasar, and path analysis was used as the analytical method. The results of the analysis indicated that capital, labor, and training have a positive impact on the production value of the ready-made garment industry in Kota Denpasar. Additionally, capital, labor, training, and production value also have a positive influence on the industry's income. Another interesting finding is that the production value acts as a mediator between capital, labor, and training and the income of the ready-made garment industry in Kota Denpasar.

I Gusti Agung Ayu Pramita Indraswari; Ni Putu Budiadnyani; I G A N Alit Sumantri; Putu Pande R. Aprilyani Dewi

JURNAL PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT AKADEMISI (JPMA), 2023 CV. ALIM'SPUBLISHING

The role of mangrove ecosystems is to absorb waves and storm winds, protect the coast and prevent abrasion. The problem that is often faced is the large number of mangrove forests that have been damaged, both by natural factors and irresponsible human activities. Efforts that can be made to help preserve mangrove forests are to conserve mangrove forests by planting mangrove seeds in the area. Through mangrove forest conservation, it can help revitalize mangrove forests in the Kampoeng Kepiting area. Ecotourism is an alternative program that can be applied to improve the welfare of the local community. Utilization of mangrove forest areas as ecotourism is considered to be able to help the economy around the area. The existence of ecotourism in Kampoeng Kepiting can attract tourists, especially eco travelers to enjoy tourist attractions in the Kampoeng Kepiting area with a pleasant green natural atmosphere..

Budiadnyani, Ni Putu; Putu Pande R. Aprilyani Dewi; I Gusti Ayu Agung Pramita Indraswari

JURNAL PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT AKADEMISI (JPMA), 2023 CV. ALIM'SPUBLISHING

Human Resources are the main requirement to bring this country to become a developed Indonesia. However, the preparation of these resources is constrained by the problem of stunting. Stunting cases in Bangli Regency have a high number where Bayung Gede Village is included in the list of villages that have mild stunting zones, namely the number of cases at 20 percent to 30 percent. One of the causes of stunting is a lack of nutritional intake. So, it is necessary to hold socialization and education related to stunting in Bayung Gede Village. The activity took place for two days on Thursday and Friday, 27-28 October 2022 which took place at the Bayung Gede Village Hall. This activity was attended by PKK women. The socialization provided succeeded in making PKK mothers understand the importance of nutrition in toddlers and the importance of planning a pregnancy.